Quantitative Economic Evaluation of Zakah-Poverty Nexus in Kano State, Nigeria

Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa and yet, a poverty-ridden oil-producing country. Thus, poverty remains a persistent macroeconomic challenge in Nigeria with devastating consequences, especially in the Muslim populated states like Kano. Surprisingly, Kano state, which is the most populated state in Nigeria with more than 15 million people, is one of the 14 most poverty-ridden states in Nigeria, despite the practice of Zakah institution (ZI). Therefore, this study empirically evaluates the revenue base and impacts of ZI on poverty alleviation in Kano state. Hence, 1,230 copies of questionnaires were administered and seven high profile Zakah payers were interviewed. Meanwhile, the data analysis was accomplished using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques, among others. The major findings indicate that the enormous revenue base of ZI for poverty alleviation exists, because of the significant Zakah payment by high ability Zakah payers. Similarly, ZI positively impacts on poverty alleviation. All in all, the findings lend credence to the Zakah-effectiveness hypothesis. Hence, this study recommends that Kano state government should exemplify more accountability and transparency in Zakah management. Moreover, a Ministry of Zakah and Hubusi Affairs should be established with the mandates of poverty alleviation and economic empowerment in the state

Kajian potensi ekstrak bilberi sebagai penunjuk pH untuk memantau kesegaran makanan secara kromametri

Penunjuk pH sebagai suatu pendekatan untuk memantau kualiti atau kesegaran makanan semasa telah mendapat perhatian industri pembungkusan makanan. Penggunaan sumber semula jadi pigmen tumbuhan terutamanya daripada buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran menjadi pilihan para pengguna untuk menggantikan pewarna sintetik dalam memastikan keselamatan makanan yang diambil setiap hari. Dalam kajian ini, ekstrak daripada bilberi telah digunakan sebagai pewarna sensitif pH. Perubahan warna sampel dikaji secara terperinci melalui kaedah kromametri dan juga kaedah spektrofotometri ultra-lembayung nampak. Warna merah terang terhasil dalam pH berasid, merah pudar pada neutral dan magenta ke kuning dalam pH beralkali. Keputusan kajian kromametri menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak bilberi berupaya mempamerkan perubahan warna yang jelas terhadap perubahan pH, iaitu terdapat perubahan nilai warna a* yang menyumbang kepada perubahan yang bererti dalam perbezaan warna keseluruhan (ΔE*). Nilai ΔE* juga ditentukan wujud hubungan linear dan kuantitatif terhadap julat pH tertentu. Oleh yang demikian, ekstrak bilberi didapati berpotensi sebagai bahan sensor untuk pH dalam membangunkan satu sensor pH bagi memantau kesegaran makanan terutamanya hasilan laut berbungkus memandangkan tahap kerosakan produk tersebut berkait rapat dengan perubahan pH ke arah alkali

Graduate and Non- graduate Teachers Classroom Performance in English Subject in Tanzania Secondary Schools

There is a great concern about classroom performance of teachers, especially on the differences between graduate and non- graduate teachers in the teaching of English lesson in Tanzania secondary schools. The objective of this study was to compare the classroom performance of graduate and no-graduate teachers when teaching English language in secondary schools, at ordinary level. It was hypothesized that there is a difference in classroom performance between graduate and non-graduate teachers. The study employed both interviews and classroom observations for six graduate and six non-graduate teachers in ordinary level, in three purposefully selected secondary schools. The schools were purposefully selected in a sense that they are old schools, which have all teaching and learning facilities and conducive environment for learning. The schools are also co-education and they are owned by government. The findings suggested that, teachers with diploma qualification performed much better than graduates in the classroom, especially in preparation for teaching, provision of teaching and learning activities, and systematic teaching. Above all, the findings revealed the existence of a great problem to graduate and non- graduate teachers in stating lesson objectives and organizing groups for discussions. However, the overall findings indicated that teachers with diploma qualification performed better than graduates, despite some common weaknesses, such as poor organization and poor uses of teaching and learning Aids, found in both categories. It is the recommendations of this study that the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training should conduct seminars, workshops and short courses to the teachers to equip them with necessary skills and update them to the current issues arising in teaching and learning process

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Return Saham Syariah Studi Pada Jakarta Islamic Index 2013-2018

Intellectual Capital merupakan penciptaan nilai tambah perusahaan dengan direpresentasikan oleh karyawan dengan segala potensi dan kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Intellectual Capital,profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening terhadap return saham syariah pada Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Pengambilan sampel 14 emiten dilakukan dengan Teknik purposive sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dengan model maximum likelihood. Intellectual capital berpengaruh positif terhadap ROA, ROA berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap return, Intellectual Capital berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap return secara langsung, Intellectual Capital secara tidak langsung berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap return periode 2013-2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, perusahaan emiten dapat mengungkapkan laporan terkait intellectual capital dari perusahaannya. Penelitian mengenai intellectual capital dengan menggunakan variabel intervening di Indonesia masih cenderung terbatas, selain itu penulis juga menggunakan analisis jalur dengan model maximum likelihood. Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan robustness test guna menguji ketahanan variabel yang digunakan

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Return Saham Syariah (Studi Kasus Jakarta Islamic Index Periode 2013-2018)

Intellectual capital is the creation of company value added represented by employees with all the potential and capabilites they have. This study aims to analyze the effect of Intellectual Capital, profitability as an intervening variable on Islamic stock returns on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Sampling of 14 issuers was carried out using purposive sampling technique. The method used is path analysis with a maximum likelihood model. Intellectual capital has a positive effect on ROA, ROA has no significant effect on returns, Intellectual Capital has a significant positive effect on returns directly, Intellectual Capital indirectly has insignificant effect on returns for the 2013-2018 period. Based on these results, the issuer company can disclose reports related to intellectual capital from the company. Research on intellectual capital using intervening variables in Indonesia still tends to be limited, besides that the writer also uses path analysis with the maximum likelihood model. In this study robustness tests were also conducted to test the resilience of the variables used

Perspectives de gouvernance environnementale durable dans la région de Lwiro (Sud Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo)

Ce chapitre se focalise sur la compréhension d’un processus d’évaluation environnementale de la région de Lwiro recensée parmi les zones agricoles majeures de la province du Sud-Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo. Ce site (agroécosystème) est localisé entre le parc national de Kahuzi-Biega (écosystème forestier et aire protégée) et le lac Kivu (écosystème lacustre) et est dominé par une population rurale pauvre et dense. Cette étude vise ainsi à susciter un processus intégré de conservation communautaire des ressources naturelles existantes en lien avec le développement durable et axé sur une citoyenneté responsable pour la réduction de la pauvreté et de la faim. Il décrit d’une part les perceptions environnementales des populations rurales en proie avec la civilisation « moderne » et d’autre part montre les paramètres d’évaluation environnementale tels que la qualité des sols, de l’eau, les zoonoses, la gestion de la période de soudure et la pression humaine sur les ressources naturelles, la physionomie générale et le niveau de prise en charge communautaire du destin de l’environnement humain, l’état des initiatives locales pour la gestion de l’environnement, l’état des forêts. L’existence d’un comité de conservation communautaire semble être un moteur de réhabilitation ou de conservation environnementale.This chapter describes the environmental assessment process of Lwiro region identified among the major agricultural area of the province of South-Kivu. This site shows a larger agro-ecosystem complex and is located between Kahuzi-Biega national park (protected area) and Lake Kivu (aquatic ecosystem). It hosts a poor and dense rural population. This study aims to create an integrated community-based conservation approach with a look on poverty alleviation and food security. The chapter describes also the environmental perceptions of rural population in plagued with the "modern" civilization. Environmental assessment parameters are defined such as soil and water quality, occurrence of zoonoses, famine period characteristics and management, human pressures on natural resources, forest management… The existence of a community-based conservation committee seems to be a driving rehabilitation or environmental conservation

Effet de l’engrais « CETEP » sur le rendement des cultures de haricot nain dans le Sud-Kivu

Cet article décrit les résultats d’une étude comparative des rendements agricoles obtenus sur le haricot (variété M’Sole) cultivé sur terrains amendés avec l’engrais local « CETEP » et ceux non amendés par ce dernier en combinaison ou non avec l’engrais conventionnel « le NPK ». L’engrais CETEP est une émanation des innovations paysannes de Kamisimbi. Les résultats obtenus à partir des essais sur des parcelles amendées et non amendés par les deux types d’engrais démontrent un impact positif du CETEP sur la fertilité du sol qui se traduit par des rendements plus élevés dans les terrains amendés par cet engrais par rapport à ceux des terrains qui n’ont pas été amendés. Cependant, la combinaison NPK+matière organique+ « CETEP » s’est révélée être la plus efficace de toutes en terme des rendements quantitatifs et a produit un certain gain économique même s’il est le plus faible de tous. Les performances agronomiques et très probablement environnementales de cette association NPK-Matière organique-« CETEP » devraient être vulgarisées pour que les paysans l’appliquent plutôt que d’utiliser chacun de ces engrais séparément.This chapter describes the results of a comparative trial of yields of bushbean (variety M’sole) cultivated on plots amended with organic manure “CETEP” and plots covered with conventional manure “NPK”. The CETEP manure is made from rural innovations in Kamisimbi whilst NPK is under commercialization. From the trials, farming results shows positive effects of CETEP manure on soil fertility. Looking to combination NPK+ Organic Matter, CETEP + Organic Matters the CETEP proved to be more efficient of all in term of the quantitative farming yields with a regards on environmental and economic positive impacts. Therefore, the CETEP manure should be popularized in the way of promoting small scale-farming with low external input