219 research outputs found
Road movie et construction dâun discours interculturel dans The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert
LâĂ©miettement du corps social et la constitution dâun espace et dâun temps des tribus (Maffesoli 2000) sont les signes dâune dĂ©composition et dâune recomposition des univers culturels ainsi que des rapports que ceux-ci entretiennent entre eux. The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994) de Stephan Elliott peut se lire comme une mise en scĂšne de ce dynamisme social par la convocation dâune culture de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie, la culture gay, dans le canevas dâun genre typĂ©Â : le road movie. Cet article tente la lecture de la problĂ©matique culturelle par le prisme technique du road movie et de ses amĂ©nagements esthĂ©tiques et sociaux. En effet, dans ce film, la culture homosexuelle est livrĂ©e on the road, mais aussi dans ses rapports Ă la sociĂ©tĂ©. Si le road movie permet une allĂ©gorisation du parcours, il met surtout en Ă©vidence les rapports interculturels, dont les manifestations se placent sous le sceau du conflit mais aussi sous celui dâune complĂ©mentaritĂ© dont il faut analyser les modalitĂ©s et les performances pour comprendre quâen dĂ©finitive, questionner cette (inter)culture rĂ©vĂšle combien la culture est de nature sĂ©dimentaire.The breakdown of the social body and the creation of a space and a time of tribes (Maffesoli 2000) are the signs of a decomposition and a recomposition of cultural worlds and the relations between them. Stephan Elliottâs The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994) can be read as the staging of this social dynamic through the depiction of a peripheral cultureâ gay cultureâwithin a typical genre: the road movie. This article attempts to read cultural issues through the prism of the road movie and its aesthetic and social constructions. In this film, gay culture is rendered on the road, but also is its relations with society. While the road movie makes it possible to allegorize the journey, it reveals above all the intercultural relations whose manifestations take the form of conflict but also of complementarity, whose forms and performances must be analysed in order to understand that, without a doubt, enquiring into this (inter) culture reveals the extent to which culture is sedimentary
Non-lieux dans le roman africain postcolonial francophone : formes et enjeux
In the postcolonial African novel, new places are appearing, next to or replacing the former prison site. They can validly be read as «non-places» whose presence and implications in texts must then be questioned. Attempting a literary re-appropriation of an anthropological notion, this contribution analyzes three novels whose fictions are built around places of transit (of non-places) such as hotel, road and... container. These three figures of the non-place call for a writing of horizontality, rhizome, ephemeral, spatial mobility that reactivate the question of the fictitious or moving identity of the African subject from space
DĂ©cision de groupe, Aide Ă la facilitation : ajustement de procĂ©dure de vote selon le contexte de deÌcision
La facilitation est un Ă©lĂ©ment central dans une prise de dĂ©cision de groupe surtout en faisant l'usage des outils de nouvelle technologie. Le facilitateur, pour rendre sa tĂąche facile, a besoin des solutions de vote pour dĂ©partager les dĂ©cideurs afin d'arriver Ă des conclusions dans une prise de dĂ©cision. Une procĂ©dure de vote consiste Ă dĂ©terminer Ă partir dâune mĂ©thode le vainqueur ou le gagnant dâun vote. Il y a plusieurs procĂ©dures de vote dont certaines sont difficiles Ă expliquer et qui peuvent Ă©lire diffĂ©rents candidats/options/alternatives proposĂ©es. Le meilleur choix est celui dont son Ă©lection est acceptĂ©e facilement par le groupe. Le vote dans la thĂ©orie du choix social est une discipline largement Ă©tudiĂ©e dont les principes sont souvent complexes et difficiles Ă expliquer lors dâune rĂ©union de prise de dĂ©cision. Les systĂšmes de recommandation sont de plus en plus populaires dans tous les domaines de science. Ils peuvent aider les utilisateurs qui nâont pas suffisamment dâexpĂ©rience ou de compĂ©tence nĂ©cessaires pour Ă©valuer un nombre Ă©levĂ© de procĂ©dures de vote existantes. Un systĂšme de recommandation peut allĂ©ger le travail du facilitateur dans la recherche dâune procĂ©dure vote adĂ©quate en fonction du contexte de prise de dĂ©cisions. Le sujet de ce travail de recherche sâinscrit dans le champ de lâaide Ă la dĂ©cision de groupe. La problĂ©matique consiste Ă contribuer au dĂ©veloppement dâun systĂšme dâaide Ă la dĂ©cision de groupe (Group Decision Support System : GDSS). La solution devra sâintĂ©grer dans la plateforme logicielle actuellement dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă lâIRIT GRUS : GRoUp Support.Facilitation is a central element in decision-making, especially when using new technology tools. The facilitator, to make his task easy, needs voting solutions to decide between decision-makers in order to reach conclusions in a decision-making process. A voting procedure consists of determining from a method the winner of a vote. There are several voting procedures, some of which are difficult to explain and which may elect different candidate/options/alternatives proposed. The best choice is the one whose election is easily accepted by the group. Voting in social choice theory is a widely studied discipline whose principles are often complex and difficult to explain at a decision-making meeting. Recommendation systems are becoming more and more popular in all fields of science. They can help users who do not have sufficient experience or competence to evaluate large numbers of existing voting procedures. A recommendation system can lighten the facilitator's workload in finding an appropriate voting procedure based on the decision-making context. The objective of this research work is to design such recommendation system. This work is in the field of group decision support. The issue is to contribute to the development of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS). The solution will have to be integrated into the software platform currently being developed at IRITGRUS: GRoUp Support
Conte romanesque, chant-roman: postures de la figure auctoriale chez Maurice Bandaman et Werewere Liking
What is the connection between the author figure and the genre? Contrary to a widespread idea, the generic mention is not a petrified venue. Indeed, from the mention of song-novel in Elle sera de jaspe et de corail and La mĂ©moire amputĂ©e by Werewere Liking to that of novelistic tale in Le fi/s de-la-femme-male or that of the novel in L\u27Ătat Z\u27hĂ©ros by Maurice Bandaman, this study shows that, by a play of permanent negotiation of the limits of their fictional status, the writer and the storyteller, figures of the author, produce hybrid genres. The practice summons a kind of autogenre which raises the question of all the profusion of energy put by the authors in achieving an autonomous status for their fiction writing
Effets Antihypertensifs Des Extraits Aqueux Et Ăthanolique Des Graines FermentĂ©es De Parkia Biglobosa (Mimosaceae) Chez Les Rats
High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor in the occurrence of stroke, heart failure, kidney failure, and coronary heart disease. They are regarded as the leading causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide a scientific and pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Parkia biglobosa in the traditional treatment of arterial hypertension. Here, we first looked for certain mineral elements in the fermented seeds of P. biglobosa "soumara". Subsequently, we evaluated the hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from these fermented seeds of P. biglobosa in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The cardiovascular parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR). The results showed that "soumara" is rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium, but low in sodium. Also, plant extracts at doses between 1000 and 2000 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters in healthy rats. The treatment of rats made hypertensive with adrenaline by the ethanolic extract at a dose of 1500 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters until normalization. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of âsoumaraâ acted in the same way as NifĂ©dipineÂź, which is a calcium channel blocker
Lâappropriation des pratiques dâĂ©valuation intĂ©grĂ©e Ă lâapprentissage dans un contexte dâapproche par compĂ©tences par les enseignants du secondaire au Mali
Cette recherche se rapporte Ă une expĂ©rience dâaccompagnement dâenseignants maliens du secondaire Ă lâappropriation de nouvelles pratiques dâĂ©valuation en cohĂ©rence avec lâapproche par compĂ©tences adoptĂ©e dans ce pays. Au regard de la faiblesse persistante du niveau des Ă©lĂšves, et des plaintes des acteurs de lâĂ©ducation, la sociĂ©tĂ© civile et des Ă©tudes Ă©valuatives (Rapports OMAES, 2014) ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que lâapproche par compĂ©tences (APC) nâa pas entraĂźnĂ© les changements souhaitĂ©s. Notamment en ce qui concerne lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© des apprentissages. Pire, elle a conduit Ă une dĂ©sarticulation du systĂšme scolaire, une baisse inquiĂ©tante du niveau scolaire des Ă©lĂšves et une dĂ©sorientation des enseignants.
Selon Cros, De Ketele, DembĂ©lĂ©, Develay, Gauthier, Ghriss, et Teho, (2010), le dĂ©ficit de formation et dâaccompagnement des enseignants est largement responsable de cette situation. Ce dĂ©ficit est lui-mĂȘme consĂ©cutif Ă une sĂ©rie de faiblesses et de dysfonctionnements sur le plan structurel, pĂ©dagogique, mĂ©thodologique et social entre autres.
Cette recherche qualitative de type participatif a Ă©tĂ© une occasion dâaccompagner des enseignants dans leur appropriation des nouvelles pratiques dâĂ©valuation des compĂ©tences dans le contexte des changements enjoints par la mise en place dâun nouveau curriculum basĂ© sur lâAPC. Sâinscrivant dans une dynamique de recherche-action (Savoie-Zajc 2001, 2008) et empruntant une dĂ©marche de questionnement, de rĂ©flexion et dâajustement des pratiques, la collaboration a mis en relief les pratiques courantes dâĂ©valuation et les difficultĂ©s quâelles comportent. Elle a impulsĂ© une dynamique de contextualisation des pratiques en favorisant le dĂ©veloppement dâun point de vue critique face aux pratiques de classe ; les Ă©clairages thĂ©oriques sur les principes qui sous-tendent lâĂ©valuation formative des compĂ©tences en milieu scolaire leur ayant servi de cadre de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Pour terminer, nous avons mis en discussion lâimportance de la contextualisation dans la mise en oeuvre des innovations pĂ©dagogiques et le processus de nĂ©gociation que cela requiĂšre.This research reports an experience which concerns accompanying Mali secondary school teachers adopt evaluation practices in line with the competency-based approach in place in the country. It seems that with regards to the persisting weaknesses of students, complaints from actors in the education field, the society and evaluation studies (OMAES report, 2014), the competency-based approach has not brought the desired changes, more specifically, as regards improvement in the quality of learning. Worse, it has led to a disarticulation of the school system, a significant drop in the academic performance of students and disorientation among teachers.
According to Cros, De Ketele, Dembélé, Develay, Gauthier, Ghriss, and Teho, (2010), a lack of training and accompanying measures for teachers are the main reasons behind this situation. This lack is itself a consequence of a series of weaknesses and shortcomings at the structural, pedagogical, methodological and social level amongst others.
This qualitative, participatory research was an opportunity to support teachers in their appropriation of new skills assessment practices in the context of the changes enjoined by the establishment of a new curriculum based on the APC. As part of a research-action process (Savoie-Zajc 2001, 2008) and using a process of questioning, reflection and adjustment of practices, the collaboration has highlighted the current evaluation practices by favoring the development of a critical point of view in the face of class practices; Theoretical insights into the principles underlying the formative assessment of competencies in the school environment have served as a framework for same. Finally, we discussed the importance of contextualization in the implementation of educational innovations and the negotiation process that this require
Determinants and Rationales of Crop-Livestock Integration in Sudano-Sahelian Mali
The Sudano-Sahelian Mali once supported a ring system of land and soil management, with permanent croplands near housing compounds, a bush ring with fallow rotations, and an outer forest/savanna ring for grazing. Because of the expansion of permanently cropped fields into the bush ring, the landscape is now sharply dichotomised into the compound and forest/savanna rings. This ring management system features intensified internal recycling of nutrients from the forest/savanna ring to crop fields in the compound ring, supported by an integrated crop-livestock system. This study investigated how the villagers have maintained the crop-livestock integration against various resource constraints. We found that determinants and rationales of the crop cultivation and soil fertility management (SFM) practices commonly observed in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa have not changed. Those SFM practices (manure application from indigenous or improved pens and corralling) are the integration with diversified cattle grazing and transhumance patterns. The locations of watering sources and palatable pasture grasses and the SFM priorities of the cattle herd manager were the primary determinants and rationales of cattle management patterns in the study area. Increasing crop production will likely require exploiting untapped organic resources from peripheral forest/savanna rings and wider use of the improved pen and compost preparation techniques
Proposition dâun modeÌle explicatif de la performance organisationnelle par les facteurs individuels dans les Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires du Mali
Depuis plusieurs anneÌes, la santeÌ des populations constitue une preÌoccupation majeure du Gouvernement du Mali. Plusieurs dispositions ont eÌteÌ mises en Ćuvre aÌ cet effet tels que lâaccroissement des ressources injecteÌes en santeÌ (mateÌrielles, financieÌres et humaines), lâautonomisation des hoÌpitaux, le deÌveloppement des ressources humaines et la modernisation des structures. MalgreÌ ces efforts, les Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de dernieÌre reÌfeÌrence font eÌtat de performances meÌdiocres car les usagers et les patients se plaignent des modaliteÌs dâaccueil, de la qualiteÌ des plateaux techniques et de lâhoÌtellerie hospitalieÌre ; et cette sous-performance semble attribuable aux personnels de santeÌ (Sanogo, 2012).
Cette recherche a pour but dâeffectuer une revue de la litteÌrature sur la performance hospitalieÌre, de deÌcrire les facteurs aÌ lâorigine de la sous-performance des CHU ; et de proposer un design de recherche explicatif de la performance hospitalieÌre par le biais des facteurs individuels. AÌ lâissue de cette analyse, nous avons trouveÌ un modeÌle structurel aÌ cinq variables (performance, motivation, engagement organisationnel, satisfaction, comportements de citoyenneteÌ) diffeÌrent du modeÌle simplifieÌ de Kim (2004). Le modeÌle structurel proposeÌ induit eÌgalement lâexistence de variables meÌdiatrices interposeÌes entre la satisfaction au travail et la performance
Le dĂ©veloppement des ressources humaines de la santĂ© au Mali pour une efficacitĂ© de lâaide publique au dĂ©veloppement : Revue de la littĂ©rature et perspectives dâamĂ©liorations
AÌ la suite de la proclamation des objectifs mondiaux, un mouvement international a induit lâinjection dâun volume important de flux financiers en faveur du deÌveloppement du secteur de la santeÌ, car les pays en voie de deÌveloppement ne disposaient pas des ressources neÌcessaires afin de les atteindre. Les proceÌdures dâinterventions des bailleurs furent harmoniseÌs, les buts eÌtaient orienteÌs vers une couverture sanitaire universelle et un acceÌs eÌquitable aux services de santeÌ. En application aux directives (buts), le Gouvernement du Mali a mis en Ćuvre une Politique Sectorielle de SanteÌ des Populations deÌveloppeÌe en plusieurs programmes quinquennaux. Ces initiatives ont eÌteÌ soutenues par le deÌveloppement des ressources humaines de la santeÌ.
Cependant, lâefficaciteÌ de lâaide publique au deÌveloppement est partiellement entraveÌe par les ressources humaines de la santeÌ, car les personnels sont deÌmotiveÌs, insatisfaits et nâadheÌrent pas aux politiques publiques. Ces probleÌmes sont relatifs au fait que les personnels nâont pas participeÌ aux processus dâeÌlaborations et de mise en Ćuvre des politiques. Dans cette perspective, cet article a pour but dâeffectuer une revue de la litteÌrature sur le deÌveloppement des ressources humaines au Mali, et de proposer des pistes dâameÌliorations de lâefficaciteÌ de lâaide publique au deÌveloppement
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