Facial disability index (FDI): adaptation to Spanish, reliability and validity

Objectives: To adapt to Spanish the facial disability index (FDI) described by VanSwearingen and Brach in 1995 and to assess its reliability and validity in patients with facial nerve paresis after parotidectomy. Study Design: The present study was conducted in two different stages: a) cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and b) cross-sectional study of a control group of 79 Spanish-speaking patients who suffered facial paresis after superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. The cross-cultural adaptation process comprised the following stages: (I) initial translation, (II) synthesis of the translated document, (III) retro-translation, (IV) review by a board of experts, (V) pilot study of the pre-final draft and (VI) analysis of the pilot study and final draft. Results: The reliability and internal consistency of every one of the rating scales included in the FDI (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was 0.83 for the complete scale and 0.77 and 0.82 for the physical and the social well-being subscales. The analysis of the factorial validity of the main components of the adapted FDI yielded similar results to the original questionnaire. Bivariate correlations between FDI and House-Brackmann scale were positive. The variance percentage was calculated for all FDI components. Conclusions: The FDI questionnaire is a specific instrument for assessing facial neuromuscular dysfunction which becomes a useful tool in order to determine quality of life in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Spanish adapted FDI is equivalent to the original questionnaire and shows similar reliability and validity. The proven reproducibi- lity, reliability and validity of this questionnaire make it a useful additional tool for evaluating the impact of facial nerve paralysis in Spanish-speaking patients

Diet variability in university young women: the influence on dietary evaluation criteria

ABSTRACT: There are no many publications analyzing daily diet variability, because of data collection in multiple days is very difficult, and validity of dietary data collection methods such as 24 hours recalls or food questionnaires depend on this variability. Daily food intake of 43 students from the university was evaluated during 28 days, using a self report food consumption diary. Participants were trained in data collection and weekly controls were done to verify the accuracy of data. A strong heterogeneity between variances in energy and nutrients intake was found; this means that the data collection methods applied in clinical practice and research are incorrect. These methods are using to collect data in a range of 1 to 7 days, but the most common is to get dietary information in 2-3 days. The outcomes of this study showed that this food collecting data model doesn’t match with population’s food variability patterns. Therefore it is necessary to consider a probability distribution in order to represents the population’s food habits variability. Differences in variability had an important effect on the number of days that are needed to estimate individual consumption patterns.RESUMEN: No existen muchos artículos sobre la variabilidad de la dieta, la recolección de información durante múltiples días es complicada. La validez de los esquemas de evaluación dietética basados en los registros o recordatorios de 24 horas depende de esa variabilidad. Se evaluó, durante 28 días, la ingesta diaria de 43 estudiantes universitarias mediante un diario de consumo; la calidad de los datos se aseguró mediante entrenamiento y controles semanales. El principal hallazgo fue la presencia de heterocedasticidad entre las varianzas de las ingestas de energía y los diferentes nutrientes analizados: siendo incorrectos, para este grupo poblacional, los esquemas de recolección de información del consumo aplicados usualmente en la práctica clínica y la investigación epidemiológica. Estos esquemas consisten en la evaluación del consumo de un individuo dentro de un rango de 1 a 7 días, siendo 2 ó 3 días el procedimiento más popular. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que estos esquemas no corresponden con los patrones de variabilidad. Se propuso considerar una distribución de probabilidades para representar el comportamiento de la variabilidad en esa población. Las diferencias en la variabilidad de la ingesta tuvieron un importante efecto sobre el número de días necesarios para estimar los patrones de consumo individual

Frecuencia de antibioticoterapia en pacientes hospitalizados y factores de riesgo asociados

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia del uso e indicaciones de antimicrobianos en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos Fecha y lugar de ejecución: Del 1º de mayo al 30 de junio de 2006. Colima, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico.  Se incluyeron 400 pacientes de ambos sexos hospitalizados en cualquier servicio de un hospital de segundo nivel. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, género, servicio de procedencia; de los antibióticos se evalúo su frecuencia, tipo de antibiótico, si se utilizó en forma profiláctica o terapéutica, como monoterapia o terapia mixta, tiempo de inicio posterior al ingreso, días de tratamiento, motivo de cambio o suspensión del esquema terapéutico, cuantos tuvieron esquema completo, si hubo o no cultivo. Resultados El 63 % de los pacientes estudiados recibieron antibioticoterapia y en 46 % su uso fue profiláctico. Cirugía general fue el servicio que presentó una asociación estadística significativa para uso de antibióticos (OR 3,9, IC 1,7-8,9; p and lt; 0,01); mientras que el servicio de medicina interna presentó un factor protector (OR 0,5, IC 0,3-0,8, p and lt; 0,01) Los betalactámicos fueron el grupo más frecuentemente utilizado (47 %). El promedio de días de tratamiento antibacteriano fue 3,8 ± 3,3 días y  el tiempo desde su ingreso a la aplicación de antibiótico fue de 13,6± 47,4 horas. El 2,8 % de pacientes tenían cultivo.Conclusiones El 63 % de los pacientes hospitalizados recibieron antibioticoterapia. Es necesario evaluar el impacto profiláctico de los antibióticos sobre la frecuencia y características de las infecciones intrahospitalarias y determinar su costo beneficio

Ética, hermenéutica y política. Filosofía en el fondo

Esta obra colectiva de ensayos académicos dictaminados, inspirados en el ciclo de conferencias Filosofía en el Fondo, ofrece una rica y entretejida lectura que, en cuatro secciones (La ética ante el problema del mal, Diferencia y alteridad, Hermenéutica de la modernidad, e Intersticios políticos), profundiza los problemas humanos que resisten el paso del tiempo desde enfoques hermenéuticos, genealógicos y críticos.ITESO, A.C

Faculty of Social Communication. Number 1

La primer apublicación de una Facultad que comienza, asís ea de comunicación social, tiene todas las ventajas de lo que apenas inicia. También sus defectos y problemas.¿Habra demanda para los comunicadores de la UNAB?. - 7 Ideas para formar un comunicador. - 13 Matemáticas y comunicación. - 19 Los cronistas de tierra firma. - 25 Dice Alvaro Chavez. "Los colombianos todos queremos ser blancos. El indio es el otro". - 29 Tres visiones de Feyerabend. - 33 Reseñas. - 45 Material bibliográfico. - 53The first publication in a Faculty that is just beginning, even if it is Social Communication, has all the advantages of what is just beginning. Also all defects and problems

Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients

BackgroundPrevious studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. MethodsProspective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. ResultsWe included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 +/- 12 vs. 54 +/- 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 +/- 12 vs. 36 +/- 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 +/- 7 vs. 18 +/- 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92-2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0-1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. ConclusionsCompared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered "exposed". The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97-1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality