Technology, impacting society through its different areas: Technological Surveillance, Data Analysis and treatment of plant species (guadua)

La apropiación social del conocimiento de los quince grupos de investigación de la Facultad de Tecnología había sido tradicionalmente divulgada en los eventos llevados a cabo por la vicerrectoría de investigación, innovación y extensión. En el 2022, se realizó la primera jornada y la que se institucionalizará para compartir e integrar las actividades de investigación y extensión de la facultad en la presentación de los avances científicos y tecnológicos que han efectuado los grupos de investigación en la formación de recurso humano a nivel de pregrado y posgrado para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los diversos sectores productivos de la región y del país. Esta jornada realizada el 12 de mayo, se inició con la conferencia plenaria: La Tecnología y la Industria 4.0 que ilustro sobre los nuevos paradigmas entre la tecnología y la industria para el siglo XXI. Así mismo se presentaron once trabajos académicos entre las Escuelas de Tecnología: Eléctrica, Industrial, Mecánica-Manufactura y Química. Esta publicación hace parte del esfuerzo de la facultad y de la Vicerrectoría de investigación innovación y extensión para dar a conocer a toda la comunidad de profesores, estudiantes, administrativos y al público en general los avances en investigación lo que conlleva a la transferencia y apropiación social del conocimiento, Agradecemos a todos los miembros de la facultad y a los que han contribuido con sus trabajos para este documento.PregradoCONTENIDO Presentación...................................................................................................................5 CAPÍTULO UNO Technology surveillance for selection of obtaining fibroin nanoparticles method from bombyx mori l hybrid pilamo 1 with active compounds encapsulation purposes/ Vigilancia tecnológica para la seleccion del método de obtención de nanopartículas de fibroina a partir bombyx mori l hibrido pilamo 1 con fines de encapsulación de compuestos activos.....................................................................................................9 Gloria Edith Guerrero Álvarez and Luz Marina Baena CAPÍTULO DOS Influence of a heat treatment on hygroscopicity and the mechanical strength of the Guadua angustifolia Kunth / Influencia de un tratamiento térmico en la higroscopicidad y en la resistencia mecánica de la Guadua angustifolia Kunth ..................................................................39 Acosta Acosta Ricardo, Montoya Arango Jorge Augusto and Londoño Echeverri Carlos André

Plan estratégico del programa de salud ocupacional para la empresa Telecartagena /

Los adelantos de las comunicaciones en estos últimos años nos ha permitido observar muchos progresos en el área de transmisión de datos siendo una de los sectores de más rápido crecimiento en esta industria. Por otra parte en el mundo de las telecomunicaciones siempre ha estado presente la necesidad de disponer de redes cada vez más rápidas y más baratas. Esta necesidad se hace más patente hoy en día con la disponibilidad de equipos y estaciones de trabajo de altas prestaciones, lo que conlleva a la necesidad de utilizar al hombre dentro de estos cambios, queriendo decir esto, un trabajo que exige determinando cumplimiento que puede hasta producir complicaciones en el ámbito humano. Ante esto el hombre en su afán por la conservación de la especie humana ha creado mecanismos de protección, para lo cual se expiden normas para garantizar, promover y mejorar las condiciones del trabajo porque la salud es inherente al trabajo como al hombre mismo.Incluye bibliografía, anexo

Efecto de la aplicación de biosolidos en el crecimiento de Jacaranda mimosifolia (Gualanday) y en las condiciones físicas y químicas de un suelo degradado

Los biosólidos, son materiales orgánicos, provenientes del tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas e industriales y su disposición final es uno de los principales problemas. El depósito en rellenos sanitarios, la incineración y la aplicación en suelos, son los principales métodos de disposición; los dos primeros son costosos, mientras que el último ha tenido aceptación debido a que puede ser usado como abono orgánico en cultivos y mejorar la fertilidad de suelos degradados, pero se pueden generar problemas de contaminación. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de biosólidos en el crecimiento de Jacaranda mimosifolia (Gualanday) y en las condiciones físicas y químicas de un suelo degradado. En invernadero, se sembraron plántulas, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y diez repeticiones. Los tratamientos correspondieron a contenidos de materia orgánica en la mezcla suelo-biosólido de 0 %, 2 %, 4 % y 8 %. Se muestreó mensualmente la sobrevivencia, altura, diámetro del tallo y número de hojas, y la biomasa seca al final del experimento. Se realizaron análisis físicos y químicos del suelo, al inicio del estudio y a los tres meses. Los análisis químicos incluyeron pH, carbono orgánico oxidable, Al, Ca, Mg, K, CICE, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, P, S, B, NO3 -, NH4 +; y los análisis físicos estabilidad de agregados, densidad aparente, densidad real y retención de humedad. El análisis estadístico se realizó entre tratamientos por cada mes, mediante análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación de medias (Duncan, 95 % nivel de confianza). Los tratamientos con 4 % y 8 % de materia orgánica, afectaron negativamente el crecimiento de J. mimosifolia, debido posiblemente a la alta concentración de nutrientes y metales pesados hallados en el suelo, lo que pudo generar toxicidad, antagonismo y/o sinergismo

Sinorhizobium fredii Strains HH103 and NGR234 Form Nitrogen Fixing Nodules With Diverse Wild Soybeans (Glycine soja) From Central China but Are Ineffective on Northern China Accessions

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH103 with wild soybeans from Central China was clearly better than with the accessions found elsewhere. S. fredii NGR234, the rhizobial strain showing the broadest host range ever described, also formed nitrogen-fixing nodules with different G. soja accessions from Central China. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an effective symbiosis between S. fredii NGR234 and G. soja. Mobilization of the S. fredii HH103 symbiotic plasmid to a NGR234 pSym-cured derivative (strain NGR234C) yielded transconjugants that formed ineffective nodules with G. max cv. Williams 82 and G. soja accession CH4. By contrast, transfer of the symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a to a pSym-cured derivative of S. fredii USDA193 generated transconjugants that effectively nodulated G. soja accession CH4 but failed to nodulate with G. max cv. Williams 82. These results indicate that intra-specific transference of the S. fredii symbiotic plasmids generates new strains with unpredictable symbiotic properties, probably due to the occurrence of new combinations of symbiotic signals.España, Junta de Andalucía P11-CVI-7500España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2016-78409-

PROGRESS REPORT Global Country Policy Review: A humanitarian comparative analysis on drug policies, on the basis of the Rome Consensus 2.0

This report advances our global understanding of drug policy by focusing on two key components: a bibliometric analysis and the creation of preliminary country profiles. We aim to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities within drug policy globally, emphasizing how these aspects can be better aligned with humanitarian principles, Rome Consensus 2.0, and Sustainable Development. Importantly, as the world has recognized the inability of the War on Drugs as a strategy to reduce drug use or drug-related crime, which is to say, to make us more safe and healthier (the two aims of the War on Drugs), this Project provides a new vision for where nations can go next that achieves the desired public safety and public health aspects all peoples want to see in their own communities and countries. Drawing from the preliminary insights, the report advocates for a more holistic and evidence-driven approach to drug policy. This entails broadening support for harm reduction, improving treatment services and the professional workforce, encouraging international collaboration to address the challenges of the transnational illicit drug trade, and reassessing policies that perpetuate stigma. Serving as an overview for the upcoming Global Policy Review (GPR), this report emphasizes the importance of drug policy frameworks that respect human dignity and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, with intentions to expand the review to more UN member states and provide bi-annual updates

Effects of a concurrent exercise training program on low back and sciatic pain and pain disability in late pregnancy

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of a concurrent exercise (aerobic + resistance) training program, from the 17th gestational week (g.w.) until birth on low back and sciatic pain, and pain disability. A total of 93 pregnant women divided into exercise (n = 49) and control (n = 44) groups followed a 60-min, 3 days/week, concurrent exercise training. Methods: Low back and sciatic pain were measured with a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). The disability resulting from pain was assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Measures were performed at the 16th and 34th g.w. Results: The exercise group increased 21.9 mm less the VAS low back (between-group differences (B): 95% CI: −33.6 to −10.2; p < 0.001) and 12.9 mm less the VAS sciatica score (between-group differences: 95% CI (B): −21.8 to −4.0; p = 0.005) than the control group. Regarding the ODI questionnaire, the exercise group increased 0.7, 0.5, and 0.7 less than the control group in pain while sleeping (between-group differences (B): 95% CI: −1.4 to −0.01; p = 0.025), pain while lifting weight (between-group differences (B): 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.01; p = 0.016), and limitations of the social life due to pain (between-group differences(B): 95% CI: −1.3 to −0.06; p = 0.032). Furthermore, the exercise group suffered 6.9% less pain than the control group in the ODI total score (between-group differences (B): 95% CI: −13.9 to 0.053; p = 0.052). Conclusion: This concurrent exercise training program adapted to pregnant women improved pain compared to controls.Funding information Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: PI-0395-2016; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports, Grant/Award Number: FPU17/03715; University of Granada, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Grant/ Award Number: REF. SOMM17/6107/UGR10 página

Association of objectively measured physical fitness during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes. The GESTAFIT Project

Aim To analyse i) the association of physical fitness during early second trimester and late pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes; and ii) to investigate whether physical fitness is associated with the type of birth (vaginal or caesarean section). Methods Pregnant women from the GESTAFIT Project (n = 159) participated in this longitudinal study. Maternal physical fitness including upper- and lower-body strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and flexibility were measured through objective physical fitness tests at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected from obstetric medical records. Umbilical arterial and venous blood gas pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and oxygen (PO2), were assessed. Results At the 16th week, greater upper-body muscle strength was associated with greater neonatal birth weight (r = 0.191, p<0.05). Maternal flexibility was associated with a more alkaline arterial pH (r = 0.220, p<0.05), higher arterial PO2 (r = 0.237, p<0.05) and lower arterial PCO2 (r = -0.331, p<0.01) in umbilical cord blood. Maternal CRF at the 16th gestational week was related to higher arterial umbilical cord PO2 (r = 0.267, p<0.05). The women who had caesarean sections had lower CRF (p<0.001) at the 16th gestational week and worse clustered overall physical fitness, both at the 16th (-0.227, p = 0.003, confidence interval (CI): -0.376, -0.078) and 34th gestational week (-0.223; p = 0.018; CI: -0.432, -0.015) compared with the women who had vaginal births. Conclusion Increasing physical fitness during pregnancy may promote better neonatal outcomes and is associated with a decrease in the risk of caesarean section. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02582567) on October 20, 2015.This study was part of VAA fellowship from the Andalucı´a Talent-Hub Program, launched by the Andalusian Knowledge Agency, co-funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions (COFUND–Grant Agreement nº291780) and the Junta de Andalucı´a. ICR (grant number: FPU13/01993) was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education. This study was also partially funded by the Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucı´a (PI-0395-2016) and the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacio´n 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Bullying. Description of the roles of victim, bully, peer group, school, family and society.

This research defines, through an extensive literature review, the roles played by the victim, bully, peer group, school, family and society in the dynamics of bullying. Finally, we conclude that the complexity and diversity of the actors should lead us to rethink the traditional definitions of school bullying, to stake out the focus of research projects and to reconstruct prevention and action policies

Ghrelin's effects on proinflammatory cytokine mediated apoptosis and their impact on β-cell functionality

Ghrelin is a peptidic hormone, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in several tissues, including pancreas. In preclinical stage of type 1 diabetes, proinflammatory cytokines generate a destructive environment for β-cells known as insulitis, which results in loss of β-cell mass and impaired insulin secretion, leading to diabetes. Our aim was to demonstrate that ghrelin could preserve β-cell viability, turnover rate, and insulin secretion acting as a counter balance of cytokines. In the present work we reproduced proinflammatory milieu found in insulitis stage by treating murine cell line INS-1E and rat islets with a cytokine cocktail including IL-1β, IFNγ, and TNFα and/or ghrelin. Several proteins involved in survival pathways (ERK 1/2 and Akt/PKB) and apoptosis (caspases and Bcl-2 protein family and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers) as well as insulin secretion were analyzed. Our results show that ghrelin alone has no remarkable effects on β-cells in basal conditions, but interestingly it activates cell survival pathways, downregulates apoptotic mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and restores insulin secretion in response to glucose when beta-cells are cytokine-exposed. These data suggest a potential role of ghrelin in preventing or slowing down the transition from a preclinical to clinically established diabetes by ameliorating the effects of insulitis on β-cells.This work was funded by a grant by the Andalusian Government (PI 0765-2011).Peer Reviewe

Nueva mutación para xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa causa demencia familiar temprana en Colombia

Introduction: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is an infrequent cause of dementia. It is an autosomal recessive disorder with clinical and molecular heterogeneity.Objective: To identify the presence of a possible mutation in a Colombian family with several affected siblings and clinical characteristics compatible with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis associated to early dementia.Materials and methods: We studied a series of cases with longitudinal follow-up and genetic analysis.Results: These individuals had xanthomas, mental retardation, psychiatric disorders, behavioral changes, and multiple domains cognitive impairment with dysexecutive dominance that progressed to early dementia. CYP27A1 gene coding region sequencing revealed a novel mutation (c.1183_1184insT).Conclusion: The mutation found in this family is responsible for the described dementia features. Early identification of familial history with mental retardation, xanthomas and cognitive impairment might prevent the progression to this treatable type of dementia. Even though this mutation lies in the most frequently mutated codon of CYP27A1 gene, it has not been reported previously.Introducción. La xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa es una causa poco frecuente de demencia. Es un trastorno autosómico recesivo con heterogeneidad clínica y molecular.Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de una posible mutación en una familia colombiana con varios hermanos afectados y con características clínicas indicativas de xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa asociada a demencia precoz.Materiales y métodos. Se estudió una serie de casos, con seguimiento longitudinal y análisis genético.Resultados. Estos individuos tenían xantomas, retraso mental, trastornos psiquiátricos, cambios de comportamiento y alteraciones cognitivas de múltiples dominios con predominio de la disfunción ejecutiva, que progresaron a demencia temprana. Se identificó una nueva mutación (c.1183_1184insT) en el gen CYP27A1.Conclusión. La mutación encontrada en esta familia es responsable de la demencia descrita en los sujetos de estudio. La detección temprana de una historia familiar con retraso mental, xantomas y deterioro cognitivo, podría prevenir la progresión de este tipo de demencia tratable. A pesar de que esta mutación se encuentra en el codón más frecuentemente mutado del gen CYP27A1, no se había informado anteriormente