1,030 research outputs found
The Future of Farming: Regional Variation in Opinions From Louisiana and the Nation
Findings from a 1987 telephone survey of Louisiana residents are reported. Opinions of 701 persons were gathered using a weighted probability sample across the state. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were used to identify regional clusters of parishes to determine differences among regions of the state. The results point to a paradox. While the clusters exhibited extreme variation in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, there was surprising similarity in the responses regarding opinions on agricultural issues. Support for agriculture was uniformly strong across all regions, with over 80 percent of respondents agreeing that both the state and federal governments should do a lot more to help farmers. Public concern for the future of farming was evident. Of the survey respondents, 40 percent felt that the financial future of farming will get worse, while only 30 percent felt it would improve. While opinions on specific resource-allocation measures to help agriculture were less definite, the findings show that residential location has little effect on respondents\u27 opinions regarding agricultural issues
Coefficients of Association Analogous to Pearson's r for nonparametric Statistics
The rz and rp coefficients of association are discussed. Both coefficients, like Pearson's r, are based on a z/z max framework. They yield coefficients directly comparable for all levels of measurement being based on an obtained/maximum departure from independence in z units interpretation. The r z coefficient can be applied to any nonparametric test statistic in which a normal approximation equation is appropriate. The rp coefficient is applicable to any nonparametric test statistic in which exact probabilities are known.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Direct and mediated effects of a social-emotional and character development program on adolescent substance use
Mitigating and preventing substance use among adolescents requires approaches that
address the multitude of factors that influence this behavior. Such approaches must be
tested, not only for evidence of empirical effectiveness, but also to determine the
mechanisms by which they are successful. The aims of the present study were twofold:
1) To determine the effectiveness of a school-based social-emotional and character
development (SECD) program, Positive Action (PA), in reducing substance use (SU)
among a sample of U.S. youth living in a low-income, urban environment, and 2) to test
one mechanism by which the program achieves its success. We used longitudinal
mediation analysis to test the hypotheses that: 1) students attending PA intervention
schools engage in significantly less SU than students attending control schools, 2)
students attending PA intervention schools show significantly better change in SECD
than students attending control schools, and 3) the effect of the PA intervention on SU is
mediated by the change in SECD. Analyses revealed program effects on both SECD and
SU, a relationship between SECD and SU, and the effects of PA on SU were completely
mediated by changes in SECD. Future research directions and implications for schoolbased social-emotional and character development efforts and substance use prevention are addressed.peer-reviewe
Effects of a School-Based Social-Emotional and Character Development Program on Peer, Family, School, and Neighborhood Contexts: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Aims: To evaluate the impact of a school-based social-emotional and character development program on the various socializing contexts of youth. Methods: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial included 1,170 students from 14, low-income, urban, Chicago Public Schools. Outcomes were assessed longitudinally for a cohort of youth followed from grades 3 to 8. Multilevel growth-curve modeling and endpoint analyses were conducted on indicators of peer, family, school, and neighborhood contexts. Results: Students in PA schools had slower rates of decline and higher end-point scores than students in non-PA schools across all of the contexts examined. For example, impacts were observed for positive school orientation, peer victimization, parent attachment, and neighborhood context. Conclusion: Results illustrate that school-based social-emotional and character development programs have the capacity to affect youth experiences in a range of environmental contexts that are key for youth development and functioning
The substantive and practical significance of citation impact differences between institutions: Guidelines for the analysis of percentiles using effect sizes and confidence intervals
In our chapter we address the statistical analysis of percentiles: How should
the citation impact of institutions be compared? In educational and
psychological testing, percentiles are already used widely as a standard to
evaluate an individual's test scores - intelligence tests for example - by
comparing them with the percentiles of a calibrated sample. Percentiles, or
percentile rank classes, are also a very suitable method for bibliometrics to
normalize citations of publications in terms of the subject category and the
publication year and, unlike the mean-based indicators (the relative citation
rates), percentiles are scarcely affected by skewed distributions of citations.
The percentile of a certain publication provides information about the citation
impact this publication has achieved in comparison to other similar
publications in the same subject category and publication year. Analyses of
percentiles, however, have not always been presented in the most effective and
meaningful way. New APA guidelines (American Psychological Association, 2010)
suggest a lesser emphasis on significance tests and a greater emphasis on the
substantive and practical significance of findings. Drawing on work by Cumming
(2012) we show how examinations of effect sizes (e.g. Cohen's d statistic) and
confidence intervals can lead to a clear understanding of citation impact
differences
Alienation and Age: A Coniexi.Specific Approach*
ABSTRACT A context-specific conceptualization of alienation is used to describe age-group differences. Traditionally, alienation has been treated in terms of specific, modes (e.g., powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, social isolation, self-estrangement). This research adds to each of these modes social structural contexts (e.g., polity, economy, education, religion, family) to produce a matrix of context-specific alienation. Age-group differentials on specific components of alienation are examined in a three-generation sample. The postulate that alienation is related to position in the social structure leads to the hypothesis that there is a curvilinear relation between alienation and age, the youth most alienated, the middle-aged least, and the elderly in between. The hypothesis is generally supported
Weathering the crisis: Evidence of diffuse support for the EU from a six-wave Dutch panel
Political regimes draw legitimacy from diffuse political support. How diffuse is support for the European Union? By focusing on cross-sectional data, the extant literature fails to demonstrate that support for the European Union displays the key defining characteristic of diffuse support: individual-level stability over a time of crisis. I use a six-wave panel data set from the Netherlands to study stability in support for the European Parliament during the 2008 economic crisis. I argue that public support for the European Parliament is highly diffuse. Using three analytical techniques, I find that individual-level support for the European Parliament remained highly stable from 2007 to 2012. These results suggest that in times of crisis, the European Union can draw on mass public support as a source of resilience
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