El liderazgo en entornos de innovación abierta ante el reto de la transformación digital

El objetivo del siguiente artículo, es mostrar la necesidad de replantear un nuevo modelo de liderazgo necesario para superar la complejidad de una organización inmersa, en la actualidad, en un entorno de profunda transformación digital. En este sentido, y como respuesta a esa necesidad, se propone un modelo desarrollado a partir de tres principios, el entendimiento de la complejidad organizativa en entornos de intensa volatilidad, la adopción de una cultura de innovación abierta como marco de intercambio de conocimiento y el desarrollo unas capacidades adaptativas que faciliten la transmisión de los valores de innovación abierta a toda la organización. Además, se reflexiona alrededor de la localización del liderazgo organizativo, obligado a actuar en entornos de poder descentralizado y estructuras de decisión donde se impone la autogestión, la coevolución propia de los sistemas adaptativos complejos y la constante adaptación al citado entorno digital.2019-2

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Bezlotoxumab Added to Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care Alone for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in High-Risk Patients in Spain

Introduction Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea and is associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and economic impact. Bezlotoxumab administered in combination with standard of care (SoC) antibiotic therapy prevents recurrent CDI. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of bezlotoxumab added to SoC, compared to SoC alone, to prevent the recurrence of CDI in high-risk patients from the Spanish National Health System perspective. Methods A Markov model was used to simulate the natural history of CDI over a lifetime horizon in five populations of patients at high risk of CDI recurrence according to MODIFY trials: (1) ≥ 65 years old; (2) severe CDI; (3) immunocompromised; (4) ≥ 1 CDI episode in the previous 6 months; and (5) ≥ 65 years old and with ≥ 1 CDI episode in the previous 6 months. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was calculated. Deterministic (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed. Results In all patient populations (from 1 to 5), bezlotoxumab added to SoC reduced CDI recurrence compared to SoC alone by 26.4, 19.5, 21.2, 26.6 and 39.7%, respectively. The resulting ICERs for the respective subgroups were €12,724, €17,495, €9545, €7386, and €4378. The model parameters with highest impact on the ICER were recurrence rate (first), mortality, and utility values. The probability that bezlotoxumab was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €21,000/QALY was 85.5%, 54.1%, 86.0%, 94.5%, 99.6%, respectively. Conclusion The results suggest that bezlotoxumab added to SoC compared to SoC alone is a cost-effective treatment to prevent the recurrence of CDI in high-risk patients. The influence of changes in model parameters on DSA results was higher in patients  ≥ 65 years old, with severe CDI and immunocompromised. Additionally, PSA estimated that the probability of cost-effectiveness exceeded 85% in most subgroups

La inclusión educativa en el ámbito universitario. El diseño curricular universal

1. Introducción La sociedad, como sucedió tiempos atrás con revoluciones agrícolas e industriales, se encuentra inmersa en un proceso de cambio y revolución protagonizado por el conocimiento, siendo éste la clave de la competitividad y el éxito. El dinamismo personal, económico y social se sustenta en el valor añadido que aporta el conocimiento. Por ello, debe ser objetivo primordial la difusión del mismo, trabajando en el acceso a la educación y en el progreso formativo de la población. La universidad ha sido siempre la cuna del conocimiento y en una sociedad bajo esa revolución, el papel de la institución debe, por tanto, ser superior. El acceso a la formación debe configurarse como prioritario en los avances sociales. Por otro lado, si hablamos de sociedad actual, no debemos olvidar la realidad existente de la diversidad. El panorama social viene establecido por un conjunto de individuos con diferentes capacidades, orígenes étnicos, formas de relaciones personales y afectivas, etc. Somos un común de seres con diferentes perfiles y características, lo que obliga a una construcción social bajo el diseño para todos, definido por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas como “el diseño de productos, entornos, programas y servicios que puedan utilizar todas las personas, en la mayor medida posible, sin necesidad de adaptación ni diseño especializado.” (ONU, 2006). Una sociedad de diversidad y conocimiento, que requiere el fomento y el acceso universal a la educación, para lo que es necesario la elaboración de planes de estudio con un diseño curricular inclusivo. La universidad se constituye como un microcosmos de la sociedad de la que forma parte, siendo necesario incorporar la igualdad de oportunidades, la accesibilidad universal y el diseño para todos (Briceño, 1989). La UNESCO define la educación inclusiva como un modelo que responde a la diversidad de necesidades de todos los estudiantes, sin adaptación de los estudiantes al sistema educativo, ni del sistema a los estudiantes individualmente, sino como un sistema global que tenga en cuenta la diversidad de perfiles. La universidad debe ser útil y contribuir al desarrollo de la inclusión educativa. Para ello, es necesario que el profesorado cuente con las herramientas y conocimientos suficientes para diseñar curriculum académicos inclusivos, que no requieran de adaptaciones individuales y concretas, sino que engloben la diversidad de características y necesidades.Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA)2022-2

Organization and planning of university faculty training in virtual classrooms for the inclusion of people with disabilities

Despite the proliferation of conventions, declarations, and recommendations for inclusive education, many students with disabilities do not complete their university studies. To overcome this situation, university faculty must have skills in inclusion and motivation, but the training of teachers in these subjects is still limited. For all these reasons, this work conveys a basic training proposal -adjusted to the teacher’s reality- to improve the organization and planning of this training. With this training proposal, this study aims to answer how training can facilitate online university teachers to acquire knowledge to improve their skills and motivation in students with disabilities inclusion. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out based on the responses to an open-ended questionnaire by 20 expert teachers in online university training who have received and evaluated this training. Although the results have shown that the proposed online training of university teachers may be effective in improving their competencies and motivation in the inclusion of students with disabilities, they still need some improvement -according to the suggestions made by the teachers participating in the study-. Most of these suggestions made by high-level teachers especially recommended the ones related to conceptual clarification, presentation of case studies or examples, and description of actions in the didactic field.Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA)2023-2

Patient-physician discrepancy in the perception of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. A qualitative systematic review of the literature

Introduction Recommendations on chronic diseases management emphasise the need to consider patient perspectives and shared decision-making. Discrepancies between patients and physicians’ perspectives on treatment objectives, disease activity, preferences and treatment have been described for immune-mediate inflammatory diseases. These differences could result on patient dissatisfaction and negatively affect outcomes. Objective To describe the degree of patient-physician discrepancy in three chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], psoriatic arthritis [PsA] and psoriasis [Ps]), identifying the main areas of discrepancy and possible predictor factors. Methods Qualitative systematic review of the available literature on patient and physician discrepancies in the management of RA, PsA and Ps. The search was performed in international (Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI-WOK) and Spanish electronic databases (MEDES, IBECS), including papers published from April 1, 2008 to April 1, 2018, in English or Spanish, and conducted in European or North American populations. Study quality was assessed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. Results A total of 21 studies were included (13 RA; 3 PsA; 4 Ps; 1 RA, Ps, and Axial Spondyloarthritis). A significant and heterogeneous degree of discrepancy between patients and physicians was found, regarding disease activity, treatment, clinical expectations, remission concept, and patient-physician relationship. In RA and PsA, studies were mainly focused on the evaluation of disease activity, which is perceived as higher from the patient’s than the physician’s perspective, with the discrepancy determined by factors such as patient’s perception of pain and fatigue. In Ps, studies were focused on treatment satisfaction and patient-physician relationship, showing a lower degree of discrepancy in the satisfaction regarding these aspects. Conclusions There is a significant degree of patient-physician discrepancy regarding the management of RA, PA, and Ps, what can have a major impact on shared decision-making. Future research may help to show whether interventions considering discrepancy improve shared decision-making

T35: a small automatic telescope for long-term observing campaigns

The T35 is a small telescope (14") equipped with a large format CCD camera installed in the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) in Southern Spain. This telescope will be a useful tool for the detecting and studying pulsating stars, particularly, in open clusters. In this paper, we describe the automation process of the T35 and show also some images taken with the new instrumentation.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the special issue "Robotic Astronomy" of Advances of Astronom

El dibujo de la figura humana como instrumento de la evaluación de danza creativa en personas con Alzheimer: estudio de caso

Presentamos un estudio de caso de una mujer de 89 años diagnosticada de Alzheimer, en un grado de deterioro cognitivo moderado-severo. Para realizar el estudio se utilizaron el test DAP-IQ (Reynolds y Hickman, 2004) y el test de la Persona del HTP (Buck, 2008) con el objetivo de analizar la evolución del dibujo y el impacto de dos intervenciones de danza creativa en un intervalo de tres meses. Los resultados muestran que las puntuaciones disminuyen en los dos dibujos elaborados antes de la clase de danza creativa y que aumentan en los dos realizados inmediatamente después de la clase. A partir de estos resultados podemos concluir que el dibujo sin la intervención de la danza creativa tiende a desaparecer, mientras que en el dibujo elaborado después de la intervención de la danza creativa, aparecen partes del cuerpo dibujado que se habían omitido, tales como cabellos, cejas, nariz, cintura, ojos, piernas y pies.; We are presenting a case study of an 89-year-old woman diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease with a moderate-to-severe degree of cognitive deterioration. To conduct the study, the DAP-IQ test (Reynolds and Hickman, 2004) and the HTP test (Buck 2008) were used with the goal of analysing the development of drawing and the impact of two creative dance interventions in a three-month interval. The results show that the scores were lower on the two drawings made before the creative dance class and higher on the two made immediately after the class. Based on these results, we can conclude that without the creative dance intervention, drawing tends to disappear, while in the drawings made after the creative dance intervention, body parts that had been omitted tended to be drawn, such as hair, eyebrows, nose, waist, eyes, legs and feet

Project goals, target selection, and stellar characterization

The detection of habitable worlds is one of humanitya-s greatest endeavors. Thus far, astrobiological studies have shown that one of the most critical components for allowing life to develop is liquid water. Its chemical properties and its capacity to dissolve and, hence, transport other substances makes this constituent a key piece in this regard. As a consequence, looking for life as we know it is directly related to the search for liquid water. For a remote detection of life in distant planetary systems, this essentially means looking for planets in the so-called habitable zone. In this sense, K-dwarf stars are the perfect hosts to search for planets in this range of distances. Contrary to G-dwarfs, the habitable zone is closer, thus making planet detection easier using transit or radial velocity techniques. Contrary to M-dwarfs, stellar activity is on a much smaller scale, hence, it has a smaller impact in terms of both the detectability and the true habitability of the planet. Also, K-dwarfs are the quietest in terms of oscillations, and granulation noise. In spite of this, there is a dearth of planets in the habitable zone of K-dwarfs due to a lack of observing programs devoted to this parameter space. In response to a call for legacy programs of the Calar Alto observatory, we have initiated the first dedicated and systematic search for habitable planets around these stars: K-dwarfs Orbited By habitable Exoplanets (KOBE). This survey is monitoring the radial velocity of 50 carefully pre-selected K-dwarfs with the CARMENES instrument over five semesters, with an average of 90 data points per target. Based on planet occurrence rates convolved with our detectability limits, we expect to find 1.68 ± 0.25 planets per star in the KOBE sample. Furthermore, in half of the sample, we expect to find one of those planets within the habitable zone. Here, we describe the motivations, goals, and target selection for the project as well as the preliminary stellar characterization. © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star

D. Kossakowski et al.We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet (Mb sin i = 1.26 ± 0.21 M⊕) on a 15.6 d orbit of a relatively nearby (d ~ 9.6 pc) and low-mass (0.167 ± 0.011 M⊙) M5.0 V star, Wolf 1069. Sitting at a separation of 0.0672 ± 0.0014 au away from the host star puts Wolf 1069 b in the habitable zone (HZ), receiving an incident flux of S = 0.652 ± 0.029 S⊕. The planetary signal was detected using telluric-corrected radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES spectrograph, amounting to a total of 262 spectroscopic observations covering almost four years. There are additional long-period signals in the RVs, one of which we attribute to the stellar rotation period. This is possible thanks to our photometric analysis including new, well-sampled monitoring campaigns undergone with the OSN and TJO facilities that supplement archival photometry (i.e., from MEarth and SuperWASP), and this yielded an updated rotational period range of Prot = 150–170 d, with a likely value at 169.3−3.6+3.7. The stellar activity indicators provided by the CARMENES spectra likewise demonstrate evidence for the slow rotation period, though not as accurately due to possible factors such as signal aliasing or spot evolution. Our detectability limits indicate that additional planets more massive than one Earth mass with orbital periods of less than 10 days can be ruled out, suggesting that perhaps Wolf 1069 b had a violent formation history. This planet is also the sixth closest Earth-mass planet situated in the conservative HZ, after Proxima Centauri b, GJ 1061 d, Teegarden’s Star c, and GJ 1002 b and c. Despite not transiting, Wolf 1069 b is nonetheless a very promising target for future three-dimensional climate models to investigate various habitability cases as well as for sub-m s−1 RV campaigns to search for potential inner sub-Earth-mass planets in order to test planet formation theories.Part of this work was supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG project number Ts 17/2–1. CARMENES is an instrument at the Centra Astronómico Hispano-Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almería, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucía and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the ERDF “A way of making Europe” through projects PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C64, and PID2019-110689RB-100, and the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” and “María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiología (MDM-2017-0737); the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program (ERC Advanced Grant Origins 832428 and under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 895525); the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme; the DFG through the priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (JE 701/5-1)” and the Research Unit FOR 2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars” (KU 3625/2-1); the Bulgarian National Science Fund through program “VIHREN-2021” (KP-06-DV/5); the SNSF under grant P2BEP2_195285; the National Science Foundation under award No. 1753373, and by a Clare Boothe Luce Professorship.Peer reviewe

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution