Within-burst synchrony changes for coupled elliptic bursters

We study the appearance of a novel phenomenon for linearly coupled identical bursters: synchronized bursts where there are changes of spike synchrony within each burst. The examples we study are for normal form elliptic bursters where there is a periodic slow passage through a Bautin (codimension two degenerate Andronov-Hopf) bifurcation. This burster has a subcritical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation at the onset of repetitive spiking while end of burst occurs via a fold limit cycle bifurcation. We study synchronization behavior of two and three Bautin-type elliptic bursters for a linear direct coupling scheme. Burst synchronization is known to be prevalent behavior among such coupled bursters, while spike synchronization is more dependent on the details of the coupling. We note that higher order terms in the normal form that do not affect the behavior of a single burster can be responsible for changes in synchrony pattern; more precisely, we find within-burst synchrony changes associated with a turning point in the spiking frequency.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 2 table

Bangladesh: An Umpired Democracy

This paper reveals that there has been a continuous political confrontation between two archrival political forces in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. In the course of the confrontation, the country has seemingly been divided into two forces: BAL forces and anti-BAL forces. The democratic development in this country since 1991 is a by-product of this confrontation. In 1991, because of the continued mistrust between the two confronting forces, a unique system of interim government (non-party caretaker government) was produced that kept working as a catalyst of power transfer in a democratic way from one government to another till 2008 election from 1991

An improved routing strategy for wavelength routed WDM networks.

The routing problem in Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks, on a given logical topology, is to find an optimum scheme for data communication so that the network may handle all traffic requirements in an efficient manner and minimize the network congestion. This problem is typically solved using a Linear Programming (LP) formulation using the node-arc representation and a LP solver such as the CPLEX. As the network size increases, the time taken by a tool like CPLEX to find a solution to the routing problem becomes unacceptable. This thesis investigates a novel technique, using the arc-chain formulation for representing the logical topology, to speed up the solution of the routing problem. We use eta-factorization with the generalized upper bound (GUB) technique to solve such problems. Experiments show that our approach significantly outperforms the standard LP techniques based on a node-arc formulation, in terms of the time required to generate an optimal solution.Dept. of Computer Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .K35. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1403. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Determinants of Asian Democratisation (1981-2005)

As a culturally distinctive region, Asia was chosen as the sample for this study. This empirical study investigated what the major trends of democratisation were in Asia between 1981 and 2005: why some countries became democratic while other countries failed to follow suit during that period. The main research hypothesis was: “That is it was mainly economic development that drove democratisation in Asia between 1981 and 2005”. Although some studies have studied the impact of economic development on democratisation in Asia, their findings have been inconclusive and focuses sometimes different. [To investigate the research hypothesis, 24 Asian countries were selected…measurement tools used etc…] For this research work, statistical and case study methods were applied. The data used in the analyses were collected from established data sources e.g. Freedom House (Freedom in the World, n.d.) and United Nations Statistics Division (UN Stat, n.d.). Repeated Measures in Linear Mixed Modeling (LMM) were used to analyse the quantitative data. Three case studies supplemented the findings of statistical analyses. Historical information and institutional and legal facts were also used in the case studies. This study found that increases in the level of economic development along with its equitable distribution in society and positive roles of political actors increase the level of democratisation in Asia. Some pro-democratic political and social institutions, such as tradition of parliamentarianism, and international organisations, for example Bretton wood institutions, also led to democratisation. A low extent of national political divide was found to result in a considerably high level of democratisation in a country where confrontation between major political forces is the main feature of politics. This study also found that a partial democracy with Asian values, economic legitimacy, a lack of corruption and a “systematic control” over opposition politicians can survive, and is not prone to higher level of democratisation. The Taiwan case revealed that, amongst other factors, the role of political actors and economic equity along with economic development is also vital for democratisation. The Singapore case explained how a “hybrid regime” in a rich country outsmarts democratisation. The study of Bangladesh provides an idea about other elements, e.g. lower level of political confrontation, that push for higher levels of democratisation

Shah Waliullah’s influence on the thought of Sayyid Abul A‘la Mawdudi

By utilizing the library research method, this paper aims at analysing the influences of Shah Waliullah on the thoughts of Sayyid Abul A‘la Mawdudi. Shah Waliullah (1703-1762) was one of those great Islamic thinkers who by the virtue of their knowledge and activities helped reconstruct the sociopolitical and religious thought in Islam. Waliullah bridged between medieval and modern Islam in India. He was a socio-political reformer, a great Islamic scholar, a Sufi, a reformist and an Islamic missionary worker, all at the same time. Mawdudi (1903-1979) was greatly influenced by the thought and teachings of Waliullah. He was an expounder of Islam during the 20th century. Both of them have presented Islam as a complete code of life with solutions to all problems faced by mankind. In line with Waliullah’s thought, Mawdudi chalked out a strategy to establish an Islamic State and initiated a powerful movement to translate Islamic ideology into a realizable term for the reconstruction of socio-political life in accordance with Islamic ideology. However, Mawdudi did not accept every thought of Waliullah uncritically. He disagreed with Waliullah on several issues including Islamic mysticism. Yet, similarities in their thoughts are overwhelming. Both initiated a process of socio-political change in their respective times, inspired by Islamic ideal. This paper focuses on the similarities of thought between the two scholars in terms of ideology, socio-political and religious reform, emphasis on the independent judgement or the Ijtihad

Working Women Violence with Intimate Relationships: A Study on Changing Women Position at Dhaka City in Bangladesh

Working women violence with intimate relationships is a common social issue in Bangladesh. Over 100 studies have found that women self-report as much perpetration of violent behavior as men (Straus, 1999).  These findings have generated a great deal of controversy part because there has been no theoretical framework advanced to explain women's violence and working women are suffering problem both family and work place. Various study reports have appeared recently in the popular press about broken women intimate relationships by the male dominating social system. These conclusions are oversimplifications that fail to place the occurrence of women's violence in a broader social and relational context. The criminal justice system also struggles with how to deal with the issue of working women's violence with male partners at the work place as well as intimate partner. Most interventions for domestic violence offenders designed for men and do not necessarily translate well to female offenders.  It is difficult in the area of women's violence for these interventions to meet women's needs.  The purpose of this study was to find out working women's situation at workplace and use of violence in intimate relationships. Keywords: Aggression, Intimate partner violence, Performance, Couples, Intimacy, Marriage, Parents, Pure relationshi

Expectations and Reality of Primary Health Care in Bangladesh: A Sociological Study of Two Rural Areas

Bangladesh is a small country but over populated country in south East-Asia. Health care sector in Bangladesh is very essential sector. Health is wealth without health care development the quality of our life style is impossible. Our national economic and social development depends on health care sector. There are large amount of people living at the rural area. But they have little access to health care services. Health care service in Bangladesh is problematic and complex into different dimensions. Most of the people are increasingly impatient with the inability of health services to deliver national coverage that meet stated demands and changing needs, failure to provide services that correspond to their expectations. Some people disagree with health care system need to respond better faster to the challenges of new changing. This research deals with the expectations and reality of primary health care in Bangladesh and focuses on different Government and NGOs health care situation in rural areas. Keywords: Health care, Traditional Medicine, Rural treatment, Religious Beliefs, Self-efficac

PRESSURE DRIVEN WALL JET FLOW NEAR CHANNEL EXIT AT MODERATE REYNOLDS NUMBER

The wall jet flow driven by a pressure gradient near channel exit at Reynolds Number ranging from the order of 10 to 100, emerging from a two-dimensional channel is examined theoretically in this study. Poiseuille flow conditions are assumed to prevail far upstream from the exit. The problem is solved using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The small parameter involved in the expansions is the inverse Reynolds number. The flow and pressure fields are obtained as composite expansions by matching the flow in the boundary-layer region near the free surface, flow in the outer layer region near the stationary plate, and the flow in the core region. The fluid is assumed to be Newtonian and it is found that the jet contracts downstream from the channel exit. The influence of inertia on the shape of free surface is emphasized and the boundary layer structure near the free surface is explored. To leading order, the problem is similar to the case of the free jet (Tillett 1968) with different boundary conditions. A similarity solution can be carried out using a similarity function which is then determined by solving a boundary-value problem, where the equation is integrated subject to the boundary conditions and a guessed value of the slope at the origin. The slope is adjusted until reasonable matching is achieved between the solution and the asymptotic condition far from the free surface. The level of contraction is essentially independent of inertia, but the contraction moves further downstream with increasing Reynolds number. The present work provides the correct conditions near exit, which are required to determine the jet structure further downstream. If the jet becomes thin far downstream, a boundary layer formulation can be used with the presently predicted boundary conditions for steady and possibly transient flows