Moderating role of leadership behaviour among entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, global mindset and firm international performance

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role to strengthen the total exports of developing countries. These exports depend on firm international performance. This study empirically examined the major factors of firm international performance which attained researcher’s attention in previous studies. Among those factors include entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and global mindset. This study also investigated the moderating role of leadership behavior on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, global mindset and firm international performance in the sports industry of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire representing dimensions related to entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, global mind set, leadership behavior and firm international performance was designed. Data were collected using a cross-sectional study, whereby 550 questionnaires were randomly distributed and 320 were successfully collected through personal administered method. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test six hypotheses. This study found that entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and global mindset are high impacting independent variables in a relationship with firm international performance. Furthermore, leadership behavior has a strong moderating effect on the paths between entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, global mindset and firm international performance. The study also contributed to the theory as it extended Resource Based View (RBV) and Contingency Theory perspective. Policy-makers should encourage firms to improve their entrepreneurial orientation, social capital and global mindset which may increase exports of Pakistan sports industry to all over the world. Lastly, the scope of the study is limited to moderating effect of leadership behavior on entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and global mindset in sports industry only. Future research are suggested to select the data from other exporting industries by applying longitudinal study and undertake other moderators such as competitive structure, absorptive capacity, or environmental dynamism

The Impact of Global Mind set on Firm International Performance: An Empirical Study on Sports SMEs of Pakistan

The empirical study on sports small and medium enterprises investigates the relationship between global mind set and firm international performance by following 320 firms which are over 10 years. A keen focus of this study is to check major dimensions of global mind set the intellectual intelligence and cultural intelligence with firm international performance. The author developed a framework and adapts a questionnaire to test it empirically with a respondent of owner manager of small and medium enterprises of sports industry Pakistan. The findings indicate that the cultural intelligence and intellectual intelligence are the main drivers of global mind set that are closely interrelated with the firm international performance. This paper contains conclusion, discussion, limitation of the study, and provided future suggestions

Evaluation of Risk Management Strategies in Government Institutions: Case Study on Abu Dhabi Municipalities

Government institution’s failure around the world has motivated researchers to investigate the link between risk management strategies and performance of government institutions. The prime objective of this study is to examine the impact of risk management framework implementation (RMFI) and risk management success factors (RMSF) on the performance of government institution in Abu Dhabi.  Survey data on 163 employees from three Abu Dhabi Municipalities (Abu Dhabi City, Al Ain City Municipality, Al Dhafra Region Municipality) were collected. PLS-Sem 3.0 software were applied to test hypotheses. The findings of this research release that RMFI, and RMSF has significant effects on the performance of Abu Dhabi municipalities. The study recommends that government firms and regulatory agencies should promote sound risk culture with a view to increase risk awareness, establish a robust information management system for comprehensive risk analysis and reporting, devise internal risk knowledge sharing strategies to boost staff capabilities and entrench effective leadership role to handle complex firms’ operational activities. Keywords: Risk management framework implementation, risk management success factors, government institute firm performance DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/56-03 Publication date: February 29th 202

Is Stock Price Volatility A Risk? : An Evaluation Review

Price volatility presents the investor possibilities and opportunities to buy securities at cheap prices and then sell it when they are overpriced, resulting in a profit at the end of the day. Recently, the volatility has become more valuable aspect for investors. Investment risk and return is important for investors. Investors have risk averse nature, they concerned about the information flow of stock price volatility. This study aims to review the literature on stock price volatility significance and its measurements by different methods. This study provides the detail review of stock price volatility different types including historical, implied, intraday, and indices volatility. This study discusses various measurements of stock price volatility forecasting with the empirical findings. Efficient market hypothesis supports the changes in stock prices in prior literature. Some studies shows that volatility can be measured by standard deviation of investor’s stock return. The price volatility mostly determined by high, low and closing prices. It is found that forecasting volatility can be measured by different methods. The literature review suggests that GARCH and Parkinson formula is considered most reliable method to measure volatility. Parkinson is more reliable measurement because it has daily high and low stock prices

Evaluating the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on SME’s Performance: A Study of Sports Industry Pakistan

The Sports industry has played a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. The recent high failure rate of small and medium businesses in the sports sector has necessitated the need to identify strategies that will help to improve their performance. The primary objective of this study is to establish the level of entrepreneurial orientation of small and medium enterprises in the sports sector of Pakistan. Simple random sampling method was used to gather 153 usable questionnaires from small and medium businesses in Sialkot, Pakistan. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the measuring instrument. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to assess the reliability of the measuring instrument. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the hypothesized relationships. The results of this study have shown that the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (i.e., pro-activeness, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness) have a significant positive influence on the success of the business, whereas the dimensions (i.e., autonomy and risk-taking) have no influence. The study has implications for both researchers and small and medium business owners

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially