Accacoelium contortum (Trematoda : Accacoeliidae) a trematode living as a monogenean: morphological and pathological implications

Accacoelium contortum (Rudolphi, 1819) Monticelli, 1893 is a frequent but poorly known trematode found on gills, pharynx and digestive tract of the ocean sunfish Mola mola (L.). Although the morphology of A. contortum agrees with that of a typical endoparasitic trematode, with two relatively small suckers and no large holdfasts, this parasite is normally ectoparasitic. The main objective of this paper is to explore this peculiar host-parasite relationship. A total of 106 ocean sunfish were examined for the presence of A. contortum. The oropharyngeal chamber (gills and pharynx) and the digestive tract were analysed. As the previous descriptions of this species seem to be based on contracted specimens, for the morphological study the parasites were killed using two methods: with hot 70 % ethanol (with relaxed bodies) and with 70 % ethanol at room temperature (with contracted bodies). For histological studies, samples from fresh fish with parasitised left gills, pharynx and digestive tract were fixed in buffered 10 % formalin. For molecular studies the 18S, 28S and ITS-2 sequences were provided and compared with the available data in GenBank®. New information on the morphology of A. contortum and on the parasite-related response and pathological alterations in the host are given. New diagnostic traits for some structures are provided: e.g. tegumental papillae of the forebody with apical digitiform swellings and mouth surrounded by a circum-oral crown of simple papillae. The length of the ventral sucker peduncle and the position of the vitellarium were found to be associated with the contraction degree of the specimen. Immature individuals of this species are described for the first time. An intense proliferative inflammatory response of host gill and pharynx epithelium at the host-parasite interface was detected and parasites became partially covered by overgrowths of host tissues. The induction of prominent histological alterations associated with A. contortum seems to be an adaptation to the external environment, an unusual location for trematodes

Germline Genetic Findings Which May Impact Therapeutic Decisions in Families with a Presumed Predisposition for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

In this study, we aim to gain insight in the germline mutation spectrum of ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, ERCC4, PALB2, RAD51C and RAD51D in breast and ovarian cancer families from Spain. We have selected 180 index cases in whom a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was previously ruled out. The importance of disease-causing variants in these genes lies in the fact that they may have possible therapeutic implications according to clinical guidelines. All variants were assessed by combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD) for scoring their deleteriousness. In addition, we used the cancer genome interpreter to explore the implications of some variants in drug response. Finally, we compiled and evaluated the family history to assess whether carrying a pathogenic mutation was associated with age at diagnosis, tumour diversity of the pedigree and total number of cancer cases in the family. Eight unequivocal pathogenic mutations were found and another fourteen were prioritized as possible causal variants. Some of these molecular results could contribute to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and prevention. We found a statistically significant association between tumour diversity in the family and carrying a variant with a high score predicting pathogenicity (p = 0.0003)

Germline genetic findings which may impact therapeutic decisions in families with a presumed predisposition for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

In this study, we aim to gain insight in the germline mutation spectrum of ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, ERCC4, PALB2, RAD51C and RAD51D in breast and ovarian cancer families from Spain. We have selected 180 index cases in whom a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was previously ruled out. The importance of disease-causing variants in these genes lies in the fact that they may have possible therapeutic implications according to clinical guidelines. All variants were assessed by combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD) for scoring their deleteriousness. In addition, we used the cancer genome interpreter to explore the implications of some variants in drug response. Finally, we compiled and evaluated the family history to assess whether carrying a pathogenic mutation was associated with age at diagnosis, tumour diversity of the pedigree and total number of cancer cases in the family. Eight unequivocal pathogenic mutations were found and another fourteen were prioritized as possible causal variants. Some of these molecular results could contribute to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and prevention. We found a statistically significant association between tumour diversity in the family and carrying a variant with a high score predicting pathogenicity (p = 0.0003)

Dosis recibida a partir de la generación de fotoneutrones en un maniquí antropomórfico sometido a un tratamiento de radioterapia

Normalmente, los sistemas de planificación de tratamientos en radioterapia no tienen en cuenta las posibles dosis recibidas por los pacientes debido a la contribución de neutrones inducida por los haces de fotones de alta energía. Esta información es especialmente importante para estimar posibles riesgos para la salud, incluida la posibilidad de desarrollar cánceres secundarios. El análisis de la dosis generada por los neutrones permitiría una optimización de los tratamientos del paciente, mejorando la temporización, secuenciación de tratamientos y evitando sobredosis. Las ventajas de utilizar las simulaciones Monte Carlo en este estudio se centran en que se trata de una metodología especialmente adecuada para estudiar todas las interacciones que contribuyen a la dosis del cuerpo de los pacientes modelados, incluida la producción de fotoneutrones, proporcionando una herramienta versátil y fiable para el estudio del transporte de partículas. Este trabajo ha desarrollado una simulación completa con MCNPX [1] para estudiar las distribuciones de dosis generadas en un maniquí por un haz de fotones emitido por un acelerador lineal con colimador multiláminas (Elekta Precise). Los puntos de cálculo de dosis se localizan en la cabeza y torso del maniquí RANDO PHANTOM. El modelo de simulación del acelerador lineal fue previamente validado con medidas experimentales tomadas en el Hospital Clínic Universitari de Valencia. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la dosis recibida debida a la contribución de fotoneutrones, aunque es baja (en torno al 0.5-1% de la máxima dosis) no debe ser despreciada por los sistemas de planificación.Juste Vidal, BJ.; Miró Herrero, R.; Abella, V.; Campayo Esteban, JM.; Díez, S.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2012). Dosis recibida a partir de la generación de fotoneutrones en un maniquí antropomórfico sometido a un tratamiento de radioterapia. Sociedad Nuclear Española. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/71528

Survival and dispersal routes of head-started loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean Sea

[EN] Several loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting events have been recorded along Spain's Mediterranean coast, outside its known nesting range, in recent years. In view of the possible expansion of its nesting range and considering the conservation status of this species, management measures like nest protection and head-start programs have been implemented. To study the dispersal behavior and survival of head-started loggerheads, 19 post-hatchlings from three nesting events were satellite tracked after their release in three consecutive years (2015-2017). This paper presents the first study of survival probabilities and dispersal movements of loggerhead post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean basin. Monitored post-hatchlings dispersed over large areas using variable routes, mainly off the continental shelf. Nonetheless, post-hatchlings dispersed to high-productivity warmer areas during the coldest months of monitoring. These areas might be optimum for their survival and development. We observed differences regarding dispersal orientation and routes among individuals, even from the same nest, release date, and location. Our survival models contributed to improving current survival estimates for sea turtle post-hatchlings. We observed a high probability of survival in head-started individuals during the first months after release, usually the most critical period after reintroduction. The data did not support an effect of habitat (neritic or oceanic) in survival, or an effect of the region (Balearic sea or Alboran sea) in survival probability. Differences in survival between nests were observed. These differences might be related to parasitic infections suffered during the head-starting period. This study shows that nest management measures may contribute to the conservation and range expansion of the loggerhead turtle population in the western Mediterranean.This satellite study was funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Ministerio de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente (ref: 16MNSV006), Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (ref: CGL2011-30413), Fundacion CRAM, Fundacion Hombre y Territorio and Eduardo J. Belda. Corresponding author, S. Abalo, was supported by a Ph.D. grant (FPU) from Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). J. Tomas is also supported by project Prometeo II (2015) of Generalitat Valenciana and project INDICIT of the European Commission, Environment Directorate-General. We are extremely thankful to the entities that have collaborated: we thank all professionals at the Oceanografic, especially at the ARCA Rehabilitation Center, for their many efforts and whole-hearted dedication to the best animal care. In particular, we are grateful to the Conselleria d'Agricultura, Medi Ambient, Canvi Climatic i Desenvolupament Rural of the Valencia Community Regional Government. We also thank the professionals at Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM) for their dedication and animal care. We are thankful to the Marine Zoology Unit of the University of Valencia, NGO Xaloc, EQUINAC, Aquarium of Sevilla, Donana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC) and to involved professionals at Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion del Territorio (CMAOT) of Junta de Andalucia, especially at the Andalusian Marine Environment Management Center (CEGMA) for their efforts with animal care, logistics for release events and necropsy of "Rabiosa". We are particularly grateful to the people who called 112 to report a nesting event and to the nest custody volunteers. Thanks are due to the staff of Parador de El Saler for volunteering logistical support. The authors wish to acknowledge the use of the Maptool program for analysis and graphics in this paper. Maptool is a product of SEATURTLE.ORG (Information is available at www.seaturtle.org). Also, we acknowledge the use of the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) utility in Movebank (www.movebank.org) and especially David Douglas for his help and recommendations. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their reviewing efforts.Abalo-Morla, S.; Marco, A.; Tomás, J.; Revuelta, O.; Abella, E.; Marco, V.; Crespo-Picazo, J.... (2018). Survival and dispersal routes of head-started loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology. 165(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3306-2S1653Abella P, Marco A, Martins S, Hawkes LA (2016) Is this what a climate change-resilient population of marine turtles looks like? 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Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3039Mansfield KL, Mendilaharsu ML, Putman NF, dei Marcovaldi MAG, Sacco AE, Lopez G, Pires T, Swimmer Y (2017) First satellite tracks of South Atlantic sea turtle ‘lost years’: seasonal variation in trans-equatorial movement. Proc R Soc B 284:20171730. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1730Margaritoulis D, Argano R, Baran I, Bentivegna F, Bradai MN, Camiñas JA, Casale P (2003) Loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean Sea: present knowledge and conservation perspectives. In: Bolten AB (ed) Loggerhead Sea Turtle, B.E. Witherington. Smithsonian Institution

Webinars 360: Una Experiencia Formativa Transnacional de la Red Universitaria de Tecnología Educativa

In this work we present “360  Webinar Series” a transnational professional development online initiative promoted and developed by Red Universitaria de Tecnolog a Educativa (RUTE). Since March 2019, a cycle of monthly webinars led by experts from eight countries (France; USA; Australia; Germany; Czech Republic; Portugal; Chile, and Russia) has been implemented with the aim of analyzing the initial training of pre-service teachers, as well as professional development practices of in-service ones in regards to the promotion and use of Educational Technology. The cross-sectional analysis of the content of this initiative has allowed us to obtain conclusions related to: a) the defining characteristics of initial training in educational technology for teachers in the participating countries; b) the common and differentiating characteristics that define educational technology training for teachers in the participating countries, and; c) the challenges that training in educational technology is experiencing from a transnational perspective.En este trabajo presentamos la experiencia “Webinars 360º series” una iniciativa de formación online promovida y desarrollada por la Red Universitaria de Tecnología Educativa (RUTE). Desde Marzo de 2019 se ha venido desarrollando un ciclo de webinars mensuales liderados por expertos provenientes de ocho países (EEUU; Australia; Alemania; República Checa; Portugal; Chile, y Rusia), con el objetivo de analizar tanto la formación inicial como la formación permanente del profesorado en Tecnología Educativa a nivel internacional. El análisis transversal del contenido de esta iniciativa transnacional nos ha permitido obtener conclusiones relacionadas con: a) las características definitorias de la formación inicial permanente en tecnología educativa del profesorado en los países participantes; b) las características comunes y diferenciadoras que definen la formación en tecnología educativa en los países participantes, y; c) los desafíos y retos que la formación en tecnología educativa está experimentando desde una perspectiva transnacional

Results of treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine and highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced stage, human immunodeficiency virus-related Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Background and Objectives Although doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) is considered the standard chemotherapy regimen for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), information on the results of this therapy in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-related HL is scarce. We analyzed the results of the ABVD regimen and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with advanced stage, HIV-related HL.Design and Methods From January 1996 to December 2005, 62 HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed HL were treated in 15 Spanish hospitals. Six to eight cycles of ABVD and HAART were planned. Response to chemotherapy, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were recorded.Results The median age of the patients was 37 years (range, 24–61) and 29 (47%) had a previously known diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The median CD4 lymphocyte count at diagnosis was 129/μL (range 5–1,209). The histologic subtype of HL was nodular sclerosis in 17 patients (27%), mixed cellularity in 25 (41%), lymphocyte depletion in 10 (16%) and non-specified in the remaining 10 (16%). Twenty-one (34%) patients were in stage III and 41 (66%) in stage IV. The scheduled six to eight ABVD cycles were completed in 82% of cases. Six patients died during induction, 54 (87%) achieved a complete response (CR) and two were resistant. After a median follow-up of 39 and 47 months, 5-year EFS and OS probabilities were 71% (47–95) and 76% (65–87), respectively. An immunological response was observed in 24 out of 43 patients (56%) and a virological response in 27 out of 40 (68%). The immunological response to HAART had a positive impact on OS and EFS (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively).Interpretation and Conclusions In patients with advanced stage, HIV-related HL, treatment with ABVD together with HAART is feasible and effective. This supports the concept that patients with HIV-related HL should be treated in the same way as immunocompetent patients if HAART, adequate supportive therapy and anti-infectious prophylaxis are given concomitantly. An immunological response to HAART has a positive impact on OS and EFS

Rúbrica elaborada per avaluar la Competència “Pensament Reflexiu” (PR)

Projecte: 2016PID-UB/028[cat] El projecte en el qual s’emmarca aquest instrument respon a una comunitat de pràctica com a base del treball cooperatiu, el desenvolupament professional interdisciplinari i la millora de la pràctica docent a partir d’una xarxa entre els membres integrants procedents de cinc universitats (UB, UAB, UCLM, UBU i UVEG- La Florida Universitaria). Fruit d’aquest treball, es va aprofundir en el marc teòric sobre les activitats d’ensenyament i d’aprenentatge reflexiu a la Universitat a través de les metodologies narratives. Això va permetre l’elaboració de dispositius per facilitar el pensament reflexiu sobre el procés de construcció del coneixement, l’aprenentatge realitzat i el desenvolupament competencial per part de l’alumnat en el marc de les diferents assignatures implicades en el projecte. Paral.lelament, va permetre el disseny d’un sistema d’avaluació formativa coherent amb les tasques d’aprenentatge proposades, en forma de rúbriques. La proposta de la definició de pensament reflexiu com a competència comuna, així com de les dimensions i els indicadors amb els corresponents nivells de domini és el que es presenta en el present document.[spa] El proyecto en el cual se enmarca este instrumento responde a una comunidad de práctica como base del trabajo cooperativo, el desarrollo profesional interdisciplinario y la mejora de la práctica docente a partir de una red entre los miembros integrantes procedentes de cinco universidades (UB, UAB, UCLM, UBU y UVEG- La Florida Universitaria). Fruto de este trabajo, se profundizó en el marco teórico sobre las actividades de enseñanza y de aprendizaje reflexivo en la Universidad a través de las metodologías narrativas. Esto permitió la elaboración de dispositivos para facilitar el pensamiento reflexivo sobre el proceso de construcción del conocimiento, el aprendizaje realizado y el desarrollo competencial por parte del alumnado en el marco de las diferentes asignaturas implicadas en el proyecto. Paralelamente, permitió el diseño de un sistema de evaluación formativa coherente con las tareas de aprendizaje propuestas, en forma de rúbricas. La propuesta de la definición de pensamiento reflexivo como competencia común, así como de las dimensiones y los indicadores con los correspondientes niveles de dominio se presenta a continuación.Recurs elaborat en el marc del projecte concedit a la convocatòria de Projecte d’innovació docent del Programa de Millora i Innovació Docent, “El pensament reflexiu i el desenvolupament competencial a l'educació superior” (2016PID-UB/028)