Evaluation of network coding techniques for a sniper detection application

This paper experimentally studies the reliability and delay of flooding based multicast protocols for a sniper detection application. In particular using an emulator it studies under which conditions protocols based on network coding deliver performance improvements compared to classic flooding. It then presents an implementation of such protocols on mobile phones

Background and approach to a definition of smart buildings

There is no possibility of finding a single reference about domotics in the first half of the 20th century. The best known authors and those who have documented this discipline, set its origin in the 1970’s, when the x-10 technology began to be used, but it was not until 1988 when Larousse Encyclopedia decided to include the definition of "Smart Building". Furthermore, even nowadays, there is not a single definition widely accepted, and for that reason, many other expressions, namely "Intelligent Buildings" "Domotics" "Digital Home" or "Home Automation" have appeared to describe the automated buildings and homes. The lack of a clear definition for "Smart Buildings" causes difficulty not only in the development of a common international framework to develop research in this field, but it also causes insecurity in the potential user of these buildings. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of the expression “Smart Buildings” that satisfactorily describes the meaning of this discipline. To achieve this aim, a thorough review of the origin of the term itself and the historical background before the emergence of the phenomenon of domotics was conducted, followed by a critical discussion of existing definitions of the term "Smart Buildings" and other similar terms. The extent of each definition has been analyzed, inaccuracies have been discarded and commonalities have been compared. Throughout the discussion, definitions that bring the term "Smart Buildings" near to disciplines such as computer science, robotics and also telecommunications have been found

Pengujian Beberapa Biak Rhizobium Sebagai Inokulan Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Albizia Chinensis Dan a. Lebbeck

S.H. RAHAJU, H.J.D. LATUPAPUA & S.ABDULKADIR. 1987.The evaluation of some Rhizobium strains as the inoculants and then effects on the growth of Albizia chinensis and A. lebbeck. Suppl. Berita Biologi 3 : 38 - 44. A study was conducted to evaluate some Rhizobium strains on the growth of A. chinensis and A. lebbeck and used them as the inoculants. Three experiments were carried out under the green house conditions, the 0.5 gallon plastic pots were filled with sterile sand as the medium. The experimental design was carried out Completely Randomized Design with five replicates. The first and second experiments were implemented on A chinensis which were consisted of 10 and 7 Rhizobium strains respectively, whilst the third experiment was implemented on A. lebbeck by using 18 Rhizobium strains. Each experiment was lasted in three months. The parameters of investigation were dry weight of total plants, the plant parts above the medium surface, the plant parts under the medium surface, the roots and the nodules respectively, also was counted the symbiotic capacity. The results showed that all inoculated plants produced nodules except the plants that were inoculated with Rhizobium sttains Cg and Ri. The best inoculant was strain number 34 which implemented on A chinensis and A lebbeck

Applications of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method for performance prediction of the effect of a vertical 90° bend on an air-silicone oil flow

Knowledge of how the presence of a bend can change the flow patterns of a gas–liquid mixture is important for the design of multiphase flow systems, particularly to prevent burn-out and erosion–corrosion. Burn-out and erosion–corrosion both have serious implications for heat and mass transfer. The objective of this work therefore is to train an artificial neural network (ANN), a powerful interpolation technique, to predict the effect of a vertical 90o bend on an air–silicone oil mixture over a wide range of flow rates. Experimental data for training, validation, testing and final prediction were obtained using advanced instrumentation, wire mesh sensor (WMS) and high speed camera. The performance of the models were evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), average absolute relative error (MAE), Chi square test (X2) and cross correlation coefficients (R). The performance discriminator X2 for prediction of average void fraction is 2.57e-5 and that for probability density function (PDF) of void fraction MAE is 0.0028 for best performing models. The well trained ANN is then used to predict the effects of the two input parameters individually. The predicted results show that for the before the bend scenario, the most effective input parameter that reflects a change in flow pattern is the gas superficial velocity. On the other hand, the most unfavourable output parameter to measure after the bend is the average void fraction based on the fact that the flow near the bend is a developing one

Realizing a Deterministic Source of Multipartite-Entangled Photonic Qubits

Sources of entangled electromagnetic radiation are a cornerstone in quantum information processing and offer unique opportunities for the study of quantum many-body physics in a controlled experimental setting. While multi-mode entangled states of radiation have been generated in various platforms, all previous experiments are either probabilistic or restricted to generate specific types of states with a moderate entanglement length. Here, we demonstrate the fully deterministic generation of purely photonic entangled states such as the cluster, GHZ, and W state by sequentially emitting microwave photons from a controlled auxiliary system into a waveguide. We tomographically reconstruct the entire quantum many-body state for up to $N=4$ photonic modes and infer the quantum state for even larger $N$ from process tomography. We estimate that localizable entanglement persists over a distance of approximately ten photonic qubits, outperforming any previous deterministic scheme

Experimental study of the hydrodynamic behaviour of slug flow in a vertical riser

This paper presents an investigation of the hydrodynamics of slug flow in a vertical 67 mm internal diameter riser. The slug flow regime was generated using a multiphase air–silicone oil mixture over a range of gas (0.42<USG<1.35 m/s) and liquid (0.05<USL<0.38 m/s) superficial velocities. Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) was used to determine: the velocities of the Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs, the slug frequencies, the lengths of Taylor bubbles and the liquid slugs, the void fractions within the Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs and the liquid film thicknesses. A differential pressure transducer was used to measure the pressure drops along the length of the riser. It was found that the translational velocity of a Taylor bubble (the structure velocity) was strongly dependent on the mixture superficial velocity. As the gas superficial velocity, was increased, the void fraction and the lengths of the liquid slugs and the Taylor bubbles were observed to increase. The increase in gas superficial velocity causes an increase in the frictional pressure drop within the pipe, whilst the total pressure drop (which is a sum of the hydrostatic and frictional pressure drop) along the length of the riser decreases. In addition, the frequencies of the liquid slugs were observed to increase as the liquid superficial velocity increases, but to be weakly dependant on the gas superficial velocity. The manual counting method for the determination of slug frequency was found to be in good agreement with the power spectral density (PSD) computed method

Numerical modeling of oscillating Taylor bubbles

In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to simulate Taylor bubbles rising in vertical pipes. Experiments indicate that in large diameter (0.29 m) pipes for an air–water system, the bubbles can rise in a oscillatory manner, depending on the method of air injection. The CFD models are able to capture this oscillatory behavior because the air phase is modeled as a compressible ideal gas. Insights into the flow field ahead and behind the bubble during contraction and expansion are shown. For a bubble with an initial pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure at its nose, no oscillations are seen in the bubble as it rises. If the initial pressure in the bubble is set less than or greater than the hydrostatic pressure then the length of the bubble oscillates with an amplitude that depends on the magnitude of the initial bubble pressure relative to the hydrostatic pressure. The frequency of the oscillations is inversely proportional to the square root of the head of water above the bubble and so the frequency increases as the bubble approaches the water surface. The predicted frequency also depends inversely on the square root of the average bubble length, in agreement with experimental observations and an analytical model that is also presented. In this model, a viscous damping term due to the presence of a Stokes boundary layer for the oscillating cases is introduced for the first time and used to assess the effect on the oscillations of increasing the liquid viscosity by several orders of magnitude

Organoids Increase the Predictive Value of in vitro Cancer Chemoprevention Studies for in vivo Outcome

Epidemiological and preclinical data suggest that antioxidants are protective against prostate cancer whose pathogenesis has been linked to oxidative stress. However, the selenium and vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), found no efficacy for selenium in reducing prostate cancer incidence while vitamin E was associated with an increased risk of the disease. These results have called in to question the models used in preclinical chemoprevention efficacy studies and their ability to predict in vivo outcomes. Chemoprevention agents have traditionally been tested on two dimensional monolayer cultures of cell lines derived from advanced prostate cancers. But as SELECT demonstrates, results from advanced disease models were not predictive of the outcome of a primary chemoprevention trial. Additionally, lack of cell-matrix interactions in two dimensional cultures results in loss of biochemical and mechanical cues relevant for native tissue architecture. We use recent findings in three dimensional organoid cultures that recapitulated the SELECT trial results to argue that the organoid model could increase the predictive value of in vitro studies for in vivo outcomes

Statistical Properties and Applications of a Transmuted Exponential-inverse Exponential Distribution

The Quadratic rank transmutation map was proposed and studied for introducing skewness and flexibility into probability models with a single parameter known as the transmuted parameter. This methodology has received greater attention and application using several classical distributions. However, the Exponential Inverse Exponential distribution has not been transmuted since its introduction. This article used the Quadratic rank transmutation map to add flexibility to the Exponential Inverse Exponential distribution which resulted to a new continuous distribution called “Transmuted Exponential Inverse Exponential distribution”. This paper has presented the definition, validation, properties, applications and estimation of unknown parameters of the transmuted Exponential Inverse Exponential distribution using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The new distribution has been applied to three real life datasets and results provided evidence that it is better than the other existing distributions based on the datasets used. Thus, this new model can be applied fully in modeling real life problems most especially in survival analysi

Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Tourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy-related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Ncases = 612; Ncontrols = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy-related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy-related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy-related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy-related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation.</p