Glycerol and biodiesel recovery from palm oil derived from used fried chicken cooking oil / Muhammad Hafiz Abdul Wahab

This study is carried out to identify the percentage of glycerol and biodiesel in used fried chicken cooking oil and to provide the solution in recycling of used fried chicken cooking oil. The study was conducted using fried cooking “Sri Murni” vegetable oil brand with the objective to investigate the percentage of biodiesel and glycerol that can be produced from transesterification process. Moreover, new unused cooking oil of the same product will be used as control to find out the difference of biodiesel and glycerol before and after use. The crude glycerol is produced as the by-product from biodiesel has to be effectively utilized to solve environmental issues executed used cooking oil. In this study, the amount glycerol and biodiesel from fried chicken cooking oil of “Sri Murni” brand is better than those in plastic packaging. The volume of biodiesel in fried cooking “Sri Murni” vegetable are quite high which is around 400ml to 500ml in 800 ml and the volume of glycerol is around 35ml to 50ml as compared to fried cooking vegetable oil in plastic packaging that has quite low volume of biodiesel at around 200ml to 400ml. Moreover, the volume of glycerol is around 25ml to 35ml. Furthermore, the average 450mg of "Sri Murni" cooking oil with a total of 800ml beaker is 450ml / 800ml where 56.25% contains biodiesel and the average for glycerol is 4% from 800ml for a beaker. For cooking oil in plastic packaging, the average biodiesel is 40% and glycerol is 3.7%. From the result, there is a significant difference between the amounts of used fried chicken cooking oil, with the percentage amount of glycerol and Biodiesel in new, unused ones. Lastly, the difference of a biodiesel and glycerol depend on two types of fried cooking oils. The percentage of significance difference between fried cooking “Sri Murni” and plastic packaging are decrease in percentage after oil cooking were used. As a conclusion, the utilization of waste cooking oil is very important nowadays because raw materials are critically used in our country. Moreover, introduction of new technologies and cluster management system are essential for successful transformation of the utilization process

Numerical Analysis of Fractional Order Epidemic Model of Childhood Diseases

The fractional order Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) epidemic model of childhood disease is considered. Laplace–Adomian Decomposition Method is used to compute an approximate solution of the system of nonlinear fractional differential equations. We obtain the solutions of fractional differential equations in the form of infinite series. The series solution of the proposed model converges rapidly to its exact value. The obtained results are compared with the classical case

Kefahaman dan amalan dalam beragama: kajian terhadap pelajar baru UiTM Pahang dan pelajar baru Universiti Malaysia Pahang / Asjad Mohamed , Muhammad Muzakkir Othman @ Seman and Mohd Hafiz Abdul Wahab

Kajian ini membincangkan tentang kefahaman dan amalan beragama di kalangan pelajar baru Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang dan Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). la merangkumi persoalan berkaitan komponen utama dalam syariat seperti akidah, ibadah dan akhlak. Di awal kajian, huraian secara teori dikemukakan mengenai ketiga-tiga komponen tersebut. Kajian disusuli dengan soal selidik mengenai beberapa aspek utama bagi komponen akidah seperti pengertian akidah,kepentingannya, rukun-rukun iman, perkara-perkara yang merosakkan akidah dan kaedah pengukuhannya. Manakala bagi komponen ibadah ialah pengertian ibadah, pembahagiannya, skop, matlamat dan prinsip ibadah. Bagi komponen akhlak pula,soal selidik memfokuskan tentang pengertian akhlak, kepentingan dan pembahagiannya. Justeru, secara amnya metodologi kajian ini lebih menjurus kepada dua bentuk kajian iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan. la dijalankan melalui kaedah pengumpulan data dan maklumat dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang melibatkan 300 orang responden dari kalangan pelajar baru di kedua-dua buah universiti. Kajian ini secara keseluruhannya menjelaskan bahawa kefahaman dan amalan beragama di kalangan pelajar baru UiTM Pahang dan UMP yang sekaligus mewakili golongan remaja tidaklah terlalu bermasalah. Masih ramai di kalangan mereka yang mempunyai kefahaman dan amalan ilmu asas agama yang mantap. Namun, masih terdapat segelintir pelajar yang lemah dari sudut pengetahuan dan amalan agamanya. Fenomena ini dianggap membimbangkan kerana beberapa faktor antaranya ialah kerana melibatkan persoalan dasar dalam agama seperti masalah akidah yang tidak sepatutnya berlaku dalam diri seorang muslim. Selain itu, perkara negatif yang bercanggah dengan asas ajaran syariat telah menjadi kebiasaan dalam hidup mereka. Sikap sukar menerima tunjuk ajar dan kurang berminat dengan budaya ilmu pengetahuan semakin menular. Ruang kepada gejala penyakit sosial yang semakin terbuka luas turut merunsingkan kita. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengetahui tahap kefahaman dan amalan beragama di kalangan pelajar baru UiTM Pahang dan UMP. Hasil daripada kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan berbentuk cadangan dan idea kepada pihak berkenaan agar dapat melakukan suatu tindakan yang agresif dan efektif bagi meningkatkan tahap kefahaman dan amalan beragama di kalangan generasi muda serta menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan dengan metode yang berhikmah dan bersesuaian

Some Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Mean Operators and Entropy with Applications in a Corporation to Choose an Area Supervisor

In this paper, we combined entropy with linguisti neutrosophic cubic numbers and used it in daily life problems related to a corporation that is going to choose an area supervisor, which is the main target of our proposed model

Perlindungan pengguna dalam konteks industri makanan halal

Halal and haram is a mater which is most emphasized in Islam.It covers all the things in the lives of Muslims. Halal and haram problems are often associated with aspects of nutrition.The concept of halal and haram is emphasized in the context of nutrition because it can affect one's personal life and characteristic of a Muslim. From the point of consumerism, the question of halal and haram of food is always an issue.Abuse cases such as the halal logo, fraud and falsification of ingredient that do not comply with the content standards of halal are widely reported. Accordingly, it is desirable for consumers, especially Muslim consumers, to be accorded with legal defenses’.Base on this basis, this research is conducted to evaluate the concept of "halalan toyyiban" and aspect of consumer protection through legal mechanisms.This study is centered on four objectives: (1) to review the existing legislation relating to aspects of halal in food industry, (2) to examine the meaning and definition of halal within the context of the food production, (3) to explain consumer rights in aspect of legislation in order to ensure the safety and their protection in relation to the issue of halal food, and (4) to provide appropriate recommendations for improvement in relation to consumer protection in the context of halal food. Through the form of socio-legal studies, the researchers used two main approaches, namely descriptive, and analytical and critical thinking.Both methods are used to examine halal concept according to shariah, and explain the provisions of law relating to consumers.Apart from data collection through literature, interviews were also held with the parties involved with consumerism and the halal enforcement such as KPDNKK and JAKIM. Further, the analysis of the data was conducted using legal methods and content analysis.The study found that the legislation relating to halal as a whole is good, especially after the amendment of the Trade Descriptions Act 2011, which through it produced another two halal-related subsidiaries. However, in terms of consumerism, halal-related protection is provided separately by several different legislations as well as by the various enforcement agencies.In this regard, the researchers suggest, among others, drafting a single comprehensive special act to regulate the matters related to the halal aspect

Pelaksanaan dan penguatkuasaan halal di Malaysia

The enforcement agency is one of the bodies that responsible for the issue of halal. Each agency is authorized by the respective statute and enactment in enforcing the regulation and law on halal goods and products.Although the implementation and enforcement of halal in Malaysia is seen as comprehensive, the issues on weakness and lameness of the agencies are still being debated especially matters related to procedures and conflict of jurisdictions.This paper focuses on the jurisdiction of the enforcement agencies pertaining to halal matters.The paper also will discuss and elaborate the legal issues and hiccups due to halal.Firstly, the jurisdiction of enforcement agencies will be discussed throughout this paper.Then this paper will analyze the procedures and statutory provisions as to see whether all the processes and current legislation s are protecting the consumers on halal food consumption.Notwithstanding of statutory provisions, the finding of this paper is based on interviews with the enforcement agencies of halal products.A few recommendations have been suggested as to improve the lacuna pursuant to the roles and jurisdictions of the enforcement agencies

Image Reconstruction for Solid Profile Measurement in ERT using Non-invasive Approach

Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. This paper demonstrates an image reconstruction of solid profile using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm and global threshold. A forward problem and inverse problem are discussed. The modelled of sensitivity distributions using COMSOL proved that the system is able to detect the liquid-solid regime in vertical pipe. Additionally, the location of the phantom can be easily distinguished using LBP algorithm and thresholding technique. The simulations and experiments results indicate that the sensitivity distribution of non-invasive ERT system can be applied in getting a tomogram of the medium of interest

Image reconstruction for solid profile measurement in ERT using non-invasive approach

Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. This paper demonstrates an image reconstruction of solid profile using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm and global threshold. A forward problem and inverse problem are discussed. The modelled of sensitivity distributions using COMSOL proved that the system is able to detect the liquid-solid regime in vertical pipe. Additionally, the location of the phantom can be easily distinguished using LBP algorithm and thresholding technique. The simulations and experiments results indicate that the sensitivity distribution of non-invasive ERT system can be applied in getting a tomogram of the medium of interest

Optical band gap and photoluminescence studies of Eu3+-doped zinc silicate derived from waste rice husks

In this study, investigation on photoluminescence and optical properties of europium doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4:Eu3+) glass ceramics derived from white rice husk ash as potential silica source have been done. Undoped and 3 wt. % of europium doped zinc silicate were prepared by solid state method and sintered at 600–1000 °C for 2 h. XRD analysis revealed the phase formation of amorphous, α or β-Zn2SiO4:Eu3+ phases of the glass and glass ceramic samples. FESEM results show the samples were irregular in shapes but well connected and formed large grain crystallites as sintering temperatures increases. The optical band gap values for undoped samples are increasing from 2.97 eV to 3.39 eV respectively. Meanwhile, the optical band gap values for 3 wt. % Eu3+ doped samples decrease from 4.14 eV to 2.62 eV and increase again to 3.71 eV as sintering temperature increases. PL analysis concludes that the red emission exhibited corresponding to 5D0 → 7F2 electron configuration at 612 nm while excitation spectra was found at 400 nm attributed to 7F0 → 5L6 transition. As conclusion, Eu3+ doped Zn2SiO4 glasses has potential as glass host phosphor which can be used for optical devices such as plasma display panels (PDPs) and cathode ray tubes

Application study on bubble detection in a metallic bubble column using electrical resistance tomography

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has been chosen as the field of study because of its advantages of being low cost, suitable for various kinds and sizes of pipes and vessels, having no radiation hazard, and being non-intrusive. In the development of ERT systems for metallic bubble column, prior knowledge of the fundamental process of the ERT system whilst improving the design and operation of the process equipment is essential. The fabricated electrodes need to be electrically insulated from the metal wall. Besides that, conducting boundary strategy is implemented to overcome the grounding effect of the metallic vesse