Analysis of vaginal delivery promotion package in the National Health System Reform Plan in Iran: a qualitative study

Background: The Vaginal Delivery Promotion Package was a part of the National Health System Reform Plan in Iran, which was implemented to reduce the rate of cesarean sections. The aim of the present study was to examine the views of the beneficiaries on the implementation of the promotion of natural vaginal delivery in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.  Methods: A qualitative study conducted in 2016 using semi-structured interviews for data collection. The sampling method was purposeful with maximum variation of the beneficiaries. After doing 35 interviews, the data reached a saturation point. Data analysis was done through content analysis method using MAXQDA 10 software.   Results: The package beneficiaries believed that it was successful in achieving its goal to reduce cesarean sections. Their perspectives were classified into two categories (strengths and weaknesses), eight themes (package design, achieving the goals, education and persuasion, package comprehensiveness, monitoring, infrastructures, plan implementation, and service quality), and 24 sub-themes. The most important weaknesses of this package were the payments and supervisions.  Conclusion: Officials and policymakers can improve the package by continuous monitoring, providing necessary feedback to the staff, and modifying the payments. Besides, paying attention to midwives and health workers, the first contact point for pregnant mothers with service providers, can increase the effectiveness of this package

Uncertainty management in multiobjective hydro-thermal self-scheduling under emission considerations

In this paper, a stochastic multiobjective framework is proposed for a day-ahead short-term Hydro Thermal Self-Scheduling (HTSS) problem for joint energy and reserve markets. An efficient linear formulations are introduced in this paper to deal with the nonlinearity of original problem due to the dynamic ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones, operating services of thermal plants, multi-head power discharge characteristics of hydro generating units and spillage of reservoirs. Besides, system uncertainties including the generating units\u27 contingencies and price uncertainty are explicitly considered in the stochastic market clearing scheme. For the stochastic modeling of probable multiobjective optimization scenarios, a lattice Monte Carlo simulation has been adopted to have a better coverage of the system uncertainty spectrum. Consequently, the resulting multiobjective optimization scenarios should concurrently optimize competing objective functions including GENeration COmpany\u27s (GENCO\u27s) profit maximization and thermal units\u27 emission minimization. Accordingly, the ε-constraint method is used to solve the multiobjective optimization problem and generate the Pareto set. Then, a fuzzy satisfying method is employed to choose the most preferred solution among all Pareto optimal solutions. The performance of the presented method is verified in different case studies. The results obtained from ε-constraint method is compared with those reported by weighted sum method, evolutionary programming-based interactive Fuzzy satisfying method, differential evolution, quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization and hybrid multi-objective cultural algorithm, verifying the superiority of the proposed approach

The mediating effect of organizational culture on the structural relationships between transformational leadership of heads of departments and effectiveness of faculty members

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership and faculty members’ effectiveness through the organizational culture. The approach of this study was quantitative and with a correlation method. The statistical population of this study consisted of 350 faculty members of the University of Kurdistan and 193 individuals were selected through simple random sampling method. Data collection tools comprised of Denison's organizational culture questionnaire, Hoy's effectiveness questionnaire and Bass and Avolio's transformational questionnaire. For data analysis, structural equation model in SPSS22 and LISEREL 8 software was used. The results showed that the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership style and organizational culture was significant. Furthermore, the organizational culture as a mediator variable had a significant effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and effectiveness of its faculty members. Transformational leadership in the final research model did not have a direct and significant effect on effectiveness of faculty members. But transformational leadership, through organizational culture, impacted the effectiveness of faculty members

Seasonal Pattern in Occurrence and In-hospital fatality rate from Traffic Accidents in Isfahan, Iran

Background:accident is the secondary cause of mortality in Iran, background of its occurrence and mortality are not wholly understood. The aim of this paper is to explain seasonal occurrence and mortality pattern of traffic accidents in Isfahan population, Iran Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic study. We extracted data on traffic accidents for Isfahan Province from the Ministry of Health (MOH). For analysis independent t test, ANOVA test, chi-square test was used. To calculate the odds ratio of death in hospital from traffic accidents, logistic regression model was used Results: The highest hospital admission for traffic accidents was seen during the summer and lowest during the autumn, they increased 43.35, 97.8 and 03.5 during the spring, summer and winter, respectively than the autumn. odds ratio for death from traffic accident during spring were (1.88 CI 95 0.98-1.42), summer (1.4 CI95 1.18-1.67) and in autumn (1.4 CI95 1.15-1.7),in male were (1.33 CI95 1.15-1.54) and in age group 21-40 were (1 CI95 0.87-1.16),41-60 (1.62 CI95 1.36-1.92),61≥(3.94 CI95 3.3-4.71) and in out of urban-rural (2.44 CI95 2.09-2.85),rural (3.1 CI95 2.64-3.64) and in motor vehicles(1.5 CI95 1.3-1.73)and in pedestrians(1.76 CI95 1.5-2.06) Conclusion: There are seasonal variations in occurrence and mortality due to traffic accidents. The highest occurrence of traffic accident was during summer, and the lowest rate in autumn. The highest in hospital mortality rate was observed in summer and the lowest in winter. After adjusting the model, the risk of in-hospital mortality was significant for gender,age,season, type of accidents and accident plac

Patrick-Murray Administration Issues South Coast Rail Executive Order and Awards Technical Assistance

BACKGROUND:The migration of healthcare specialists from developing countries has increased in recent years. This has caused a rapid reduction in the access to and quality of healthcare services in such countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the migration of specialist human resources in Iran's healthcare system. METHODS:This is a qualitative study, which was carried out through semi-structured interviews between 2015 and 2016. For sampling, purposive sampling method with maximum variation sampling was used. Further, data saturation was observed by conducting 21 interviews, and data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA10 content analysis software. RESULTS:Factors affecting the migration of specialists were classified into five key themes, including structural, occupational, personal, socio-political and economic factors. These themes consisted of 12 categories and 50 subcategories. The most important factors affecting the migration of our study population were structural issues, occupational problems, and personal concerns. CONCLUSION:Identification of factors influencing migration is the first step to prevent the migration of specialist human resources. Implementing the recommendations proposed in this study would assist to prevent migration of medical professionals

The effect of adding Rosmarinic and Ascorbic acids to vitrification media on fertilization rate of the mice oocyte: An experimental study

Background: Oocytes vitrification is a pivotal step for the widespread and safekeeping of animal genetic resources. Oocytes endure notable morphological and functional damage during cryopreservation. Oxidative stress is one of the adverse effects that vitrification imparts on oocytes.Objective: In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of Rosmarinic and Ascorbic acids on the quality and fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed mice oocyte.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, germinal vesicle oocytes obtained from two-months-old (30–40gr) NMRI mice were randomly divided into four groups. The basic cryoprotectants were 7.5% (v/v) ethylene glycol+7.5% (v/v) Propanediol as an equilibration media. Vitrification medium contained 15% (v/v) ethylene glycol+15% (v/v) propanediol, and 0.5 M sucrose. In the first group (Control), nothing was addedto vitrification mediums, whereas, in the second and third groups, 0.5 mmol/L of Ascorbic acid and 105 µmol/L of Rosmarinic acid were added into vitrification medium, respectively. The cumulative concentration of Rosmarinic and Ascorbic acids were added to group 4. Mouse oocytes were vitrified and preserved for one month. The thawed oocytes were transferred into the α-MEM medium (Alpha Minimum Essential Medium) and maintained in this medium for 24 hr, to be matured and reach the metaphase II stage.Results: The addition of Rosmarinic and Ascorbic acids to the vitrification solution improved the survival, maturation of Germinal vesicles, fertilization rate, and finally development to 4-cell stage. Maturation rates to 4-cell stage for Ascorbic acid, Rosmarinic acid, and both of them together were 80%, 80.76%, and 86.61%, respectively.Conclusion: These results indicate that the addition of a cumulative concentration of 0.5 mmol/L Ascorbic acid and 105 µmol/L of Rosmarinic acid to the cryopreservation solution for the mouse immature oocytes would be of significant value (p< 0.01)

Zoning areas prone to fire occurrences in the forest ecosystems of North Zagros (Case study: Sardasht forests in West Azarbaijan)

The ecological balance in nature is integrated with forest safety. Wildfire causes irreparable effects on the ecological functions of the forest and disrupts the production of oxygen and carbon sequestration, reducing biodiversity, expanding pests and diseases, and eventually breaking the balance of nature, which is the unique role of the forest. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the occurrence and zoning of fire hazards in Sardasht forests in the area of 1784.8 hectares to achieve control and counteraction strategies. At first, layers of elevation, slope, aspect, precipitation, temperature, organic carbon, soil texture, and vegetation cover were mapped for the study area. AHP was used for prioritization, evaluation criteria, and weighting of the layers. Finally, the classifications of the layer were done using GIS, and hazard scores were classified at four classes included; Safe, low risk, medium risk, and high risk. The results showed that 12.7% of the study area is at high risk, 39.9% has moderate risk, 31.9% is in the low-risk area and 15.5% is located in the safe area. Also, the Angstrom index was showed that wildfire occurring has maximum possibility between June to September. It was also found that the north-east of the study area is more at risk of fire due to the denser vegetation than other areas. The minimum fire hazard was observed in the north, part in the south, and the narrow strip in the central regions of the study area

Windspire Highway Traffic Turbine –Teknologi WindSpire Turbin sebagai Sumber Tenaga Listrik Mandiri untuk Lampu Lalu Lintas dan Penerangan Jalan

Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki sumber energy terbarukan yang sangat melimpah, yang diantarany aadalah sumber energi air dan angin. Namun kenyataannya bahwa energy angin kurang begitu diminati karena kecepatan angin rata-rata di Indonesia yang agak rendah berkisar 3,5-7 m/s . Tujuan dari program kreatifitas ini adalah merancang pembangkit listrik dengan tenaga angin untuk keperluan sebagai sumber energy lampu lalu lintas dan penerangan jalan. Teknologi WindSpire turbin angin 1,2 dirancang untuk beroperasi di daerah dengan kecepatan angin rata-rata minimal 10 mph (4,5 m / s), meskipun mereka bekerja terbaik dimana angin rata-rata melebihi 11 mph (5,4 m / s). dan keunggulan dari WindSpire Turbin yang lain adalah tidak terpatuk pada satu arah mata angin, sehingga apabila arah angin berubah maka tidak perlu merubah posisi dari WindSpire Turbin. Sehingga daya untuk lampu lalu lintas dan penerangan jalan dapat terpenuhi dari rancang bangun WINDSPIRE HIGHWAY TRAFFIC TURBIN yang merupakan pembangkit listrik tenaga angin yang mampu menghasilkan angin walaupun dalam kecepatan rendah. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan melakukan pengumpulan data fisik, studili teratur, desain alat berdasarkan teori yang ada, dan modifikasi berdasarkan hasil study yang diperoleh. Padahasil akhir kegiatan, tim menghasilkan miniature dan maket dari desain yang dibuat. Kata kunci : TRAFFIC LIGHT WIND TURBIN, WindSpire turbin, pembangkit listrik tenaga angi

Karyotype Analysis of several Ecotypes of Capsicum annuum L. in Iran

Capsicum (pepper) is a member of the Solanaceae family and this genus has a great economic importance in food, drug, spices and industry. In this study, seeds of ten ecotypes of Capsicum spp. were obtained from the plant gene bank of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj, Iran. The standard karyotype was prepared for the ecotypes and the characteristics of the chromosomes including long arm, short arm, total length (TL), arm ratio and centromeric index were calculated and chromosome types were determined. The number of chromosomes in somatic cells of all genotypes was 24 (2n=2x=24). All genotypes had a pair of satellite chromosome. The first 2 principal component analysis (PCA) justified over 99% of the total variations determined for cytological parameters. The highest total haploid length (51.65 μm) was detected in G7 while G8 demonstrated the least (43.46 μm). Cluster analysis was carried out for chromosomal parameters, classifying genotypes in three classes.<br /