29 research outputs found

    Modélisation de l’impact des chocs externes sur l’économie Marocaine

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    The global economic conditions of recent years can be grouped into three themes: volatile global commodity prices, slowing global growth, and persistent financial market stress. Policymakers need to know the sign, size, and timing of these effects before making policy decisions at the national level. We studied the impact of external shocks on the Moroccan economy, taking the price of oil, global inflation, and the real GDP of the European Union as the vector of external shocks. We used the VAR approach to simulate the impact of each variable on national economic growth using annual data from 1990 to 2020. All the variables used in our model were collected from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The results show that the magnitude of the shocks is indeed different. The study shows that the oil price dominates the variances of the GDP forecast errors illustrating the possibility of imported inflation in Morocco, the rise in commodity prices can be a source of inflation because of the potential linkages through the multiplier effects of the energy sector with other sectors of the Moroccan economy.   Keywords: External shocks, VAR, GDP, Economic activity, Morocco JEL Classification : C32, E32, F42, F43 Paper type: Empirical researchLes conditions Ă©conomiques mondiales de ces dernières annĂ©es peuvent ĂŞtre regroupĂ©es en trois thèmes : la volatilitĂ© des prix mondiaux des matières premières, le ralentissement de la croissance mondiale et les tensions persistantes sur les marchĂ©s financiers. Les dĂ©cideurs politiques doivent connaĂ®tre le signe, la taille et le calendrier de ces effets avant de prendre des dĂ©cisions politiques au niveau national. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’impact des chocs externes sur l’économie Marocaine, nous avons pris le prix du pĂ©trole, l’inflation mondiale, et le PIB rĂ©el de l’Union europĂ©enne comme vecteur des chocs externes. Nous avons utilisĂ© l’approche VAR pour simuler l’impact de chaque variable sur la croissance Ă©conomique nationale en utilisant des donnĂ©es annuelles de 1990 Ă  2020. L’ensemble des variables retenues dans notre modèle ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es de la Banque Mondiale et le Fonds MonĂ©taire International. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que l’ampleur des chocs est diffĂ©rente, en effet. L’étude montre que le prix du pĂ©trole domine les variances des erreurs de prĂ©vision du PIB illustrant la possibilitĂ© d’inflation importĂ©e au Maroc, la hausse des prix des matières premières peut ĂŞtre une source d’inflation Ă  cause des liens potentiels Ă  travers les effets de multiplicateurs du secteur Ă©nergĂ©tique avec les autres secteurs de l’économie Marocaine.   Mots clĂ©s : Chocs externes, VAR, PIB, ActivitĂ© Ă©conomique, Maroc Classification JEL : C32, E32, F42, F43 Type de l’article : Recherche empiriqu

    Évaluation de la compaction d'un vertisol par pénétromètrie horizontale et verticale

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    L’agriculture moderne pousse Ă  utiliser intensivement des machines agricoles lourdes. Le trafic de ces machines peut entraĂ®ner une compaction du sol et influencer considĂ©rablement leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s physiques, en l’occurrence la densitĂ© apparente et la porositĂ©, limitant ainsi le stockage de l’eau et l’aĂ©ration du sol. Par consĂ©quent, le dĂ©veloppement racinaire et la croissance des plantes sont entravĂ©s. Afin d’évaluer la compaction dans un vertisol, un outil de mesures horizontales a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© et comparĂ© avec un pĂ©nĂ©tromètre vertical Ă  cĂ´ne. L’outil de mesure est basĂ© sur un châssis muni d’un soc et vĂ©rin hydraulique couplĂ© Ă  un capteur de pression hydraulique (Bosch®, P max=1500 Bars). Le pĂ©nĂ©tromètre (cĂ´ne V) a Ă©tĂ© aussi connectĂ© Ă  un capteur de pression hydraulique Ă©quivalent pour Ă©valuer l’effort de pĂ©nĂ©tration verticale. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus avec la mĂ©thode horizontale ont permis de montrer des zones de compactions tenant compte des variations de voltage acquises dans diffĂ©rents points mesurĂ©s sur le site expĂ©rimental. Les variations de voltage obtenues au milieu (473,5 - 630,8 mV) et dans l’extrĂ©mitĂ© (480 mV-700 mV) du site sont relatives aux efforts de pĂ©nĂ©tration (0,002 - 4,60 MPa) et (0,002 - 7,27 MPa), respectivement. Par ailleurs, la mĂ©thode verticale a permis de dĂ©tecter des mesures de 694 mV (7,04 MPa) et 935 mV (16,33 MPa) respectivement au milieu et aux extrĂ©mitĂ©s du site. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© qu’il y a un problème de compaction dans le site Ă©tudiĂ© et la recherche des aspects physico-chimiques et de gestion du sol peuvent dĂ©celer les raisons de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© du vertisol Ă  la compaction et aider Ă  optimiser le mode de travail du sol. Mots-clĂ©s: Vertisol, Compaction, VulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, PĂ©nĂ©tromètre horizontal, PĂ©nĂ©tromètre vertical.  Modern agriculture is pushing to intensively use heavy agricultural machinery. The traffic of those machines can lead to soil compaction and considerably influence soil physical properties such as bulk density and porosity and thus limiting storage of water and soil aeration. As a result, root development and plant growth are impeded. In order to evaluate compaction in a vertisol, a horizontal measurement tool was developed and compared with a vertical cone penetrometer. The measuring tool is based on a chassis equipped with furrow opener and hydraulic cylinder coupled to a hydraulic pressure sensor (Bosch®, P max = 1500 Bars). The penetrometer (V cone) was also connected to an equivalent hydraulic pressure sensor to evaluate the vertical penetration force. The results obtained from the horizontal method showed compaction zones measured by voltage variations from different points of the experimental site. The voltage variations obtained in the middle (473.5 - 630.8 mV) and in the extremities (480 mV-700 mV) of the site are relative, respectively, to the penetration forces (0.002 - 4.60 MPa) and (0.002 - 7,27 MPa). Also, the vertical method allowed the detection of 694 mV (7.04 MPa) and 935 mV (16.33 MPa) measurements respectively in the middle and in the extremities of the site. The results obtained showed that there was a problem of soil compaction in the studied site and that physico-chemical aspects and soil management can indicate reasons for the vulnerability of vertisol to compaction and help to optimize soil management. Keywords: Vertisol, Compaction, Vulnerability, Horizontal penetrometer, Vertical penetrometer

    Évaluation de la compaction d'un vertisol par pénétromètrie horizontale et verticale

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    L’agriculture moderne pousse Ă  utiliser intensivement des machines agricoles lourdes. Le trafic de ces machines peut entraĂ®ner une compaction du sol et influencer considĂ©rablement leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s physiques, en l’occurrence la densitĂ© apparente et la porositĂ©, limitant ainsi le stockage de l’eau et l’aĂ©ration du sol. Par consĂ©quent, le dĂ©veloppement racinaire et la croissance des plantes sont entravĂ©s. Afin d’évaluer la compaction dans un vertisol, un outil de mesures horizontales a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© et comparĂ© avec un pĂ©nĂ©tromètre vertical Ă  cĂ´ne. L’outil de mesure est basĂ© sur un châssis muni d’un soc et vĂ©rin hydraulique couplĂ© Ă  un capteur de pression hydraulique (Bosch®, P max=1500 Bars). Le pĂ©nĂ©tromètre (cĂ´ne V) a Ă©tĂ© aussi connectĂ© Ă  un capteur de pression hydraulique Ă©quivalent pour Ă©valuer l’effort de pĂ©nĂ©tration verticale. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus avec la mĂ©thode horizontale ont permis de montrer des zones de compactions tenant compte des variations de voltage acquises dans diffĂ©rents points mesurĂ©s sur le site expĂ©rimental. Les variations de voltage obtenues au milieu (473,5 - 630,8 mV) et dans l’extrĂ©mitĂ© (480 mV-700 mV) du site sont relatives aux efforts de pĂ©nĂ©tration (0,002 - 4,60 MPa) et (0,002 - 7,27 MPa), respectivement. Par ailleurs, la mĂ©thode verticale a permis de dĂ©tecter des mesures de 694 mV (7,04 MPa) et 935 mV (16,33 MPa) respectivement au milieu et aux extrĂ©mitĂ©s du site. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© qu’il y a un problème de compaction dans le site Ă©tudiĂ© et la recherche des aspects physico-chimiques et de gestion du sol peuvent dĂ©celer les raisons de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© du vertisol Ă  la compaction et aider Ă  optimiser le mode de travail du sol. Mots-clĂ©s: Vertisol, Compaction, VulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, PĂ©nĂ©tromètre horizontal, PĂ©nĂ©tromètre vertical.  Modern agriculture is pushing to intensively use heavy agricultural machinery. The traffic of those machines can lead to soil compaction and considerably influence soil physical properties such as bulk density and porosity and thus limiting storage of water and soil aeration. As a result, root development and plant growth are impeded. In order to evaluate compaction in a vertisol, a horizontal measurement tool was developed and compared with a vertical cone penetrometer. The measuring tool is based on a chassis equipped with furrow opener and hydraulic cylinder coupled to a hydraulic pressure sensor (Bosch®, P max = 1500 Bars). The penetrometer (V cone) was also connected to an equivalent hydraulic pressure sensor to evaluate the vertical penetration force. The results obtained from the horizontal method showed compaction zones measured by voltage variations from different points of the experimental site. The voltage variations obtained in the middle (473.5 - 630.8 mV) and in the extremities (480 mV-700 mV) of the site are relative, respectively, to the penetration forces (0.002 - 4.60 MPa) and (0.002 - 7,27 MPa). Also, the vertical method allowed the detection of 694 mV (7.04 MPa) and 935 mV (16.33 MPa) measurements respectively in the middle and in the extremities of the site. The results obtained showed that there was a problem of soil compaction in the studied site and that physico-chemical aspects and soil management can indicate reasons for the vulnerability of vertisol to compaction and help to optimize soil management. Keywords: Vertisol, Compaction, Vulnerability, Horizontal penetrometer, Vertical penetrometer

    Evaluation of vertisol compaction by horizontal and vertical penetrometry methods

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    Modern agriculture is pushing to intensively use heavy agricultural machinery. The traffic of those machines can lead to soil compaction and considerably influence soil physical properties such as bulk density and porosity and thus limiting storage of water and soil aeration. As a result, root development and plant growth are impeded. In order to evaluate compaction in a vertisol, a horizontal measurement tool was developed and compared with a vertical cone penetrometer. The measuring tool is based on a chassis equipped with furrow opener and hydraulic cylinder coupled to a hydraulic pressure sensor (Bosch®, P max = 1500 Bars). The penetrometer (V cone) was also connected to an equivalent hydraulic pressure sensor to evaluate the vertical penetration force. The results obtained from the horizontal method showed compaction zones measured by voltage variations from different points of the experimental site. The voltage variations obtained in the middle (473.5 - 630.8 mV) and in the extremities (480 mV-700 mV) of the site are relative, respectively, to the penetration forces (0.002 - 4.60 MPa) and (0.002 - 7,27 MPa). Also, the vertical method allowed the detection of 694 mV (7.04 MPa) and 935 mV (16.33 MPa) measurements respectively in the middle and in the extremities of the site. The results obtained showed that there was a problem of soil compaction in the studied site and that physico-chemical aspects and soil management can indicate reasons for the vulnerability of vertisol to compaction and help to optimize soil management

    Operating Room Management System: Patient Programming.

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    The Operating Theater (OT) is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources since a high percentage of hospitalizations are due to surgery. The main objectives are to perform the operation at the right time without incurring excessive waiting times and to optimize the use of medical resources in order to achieve maximum profitability. Management problems in the (OT) have been identified with well-known problems in the field of manufacturing or transport. This prompted us to look for a model used in industrial applications that would allow us to solve the problems of (OT) process as a whole. We first present the hybrid architectural concepts and the development of the control system for the management of the operating room process in its entirety. We then describe the patient programming function and the associated module algorithm based on distributed artificial intelligence

    La fonction Achats et innovation : capital social et perspective réseau Proposition d’un modèle théorique

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    International audienceWith the proliferation of inter-organizational innovation and collaboration programs, companies are leaning towards network structures to gain a competitive advantage. The capture of innovation, Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including startups, by the Purchasing function is a new problem whose description is at the center of the researche papers. The article proposes a review of the current literature on the subject, focusing on two approaches : the network approach and the social capital approach. The result consist on the proposition of a theoretical model. The aim of this paper is to propose a better understanding about management tools related to innovation developments outside organizational boundaries.La multiplication des programmes d’innovation et de collaboration à l’échelle inter organisationnelle fait que les entreprises penchent vers les structures en réseau pour acquérir un avantage concurrentiel. La capture de l’innovation, des Petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) notamment des startups, par la fonction Achats constitue une problématique nouvelle dont la description est au centre du papier. L’article propose une revue de la littérature actuelle sur le sujet et ce en mettant l’accent sur une double approche : l’approche réseau et celle du capital social. Le résultat consiste en la proposition d’un modèle théorique. L’enjeu est de mieux appréhender, en vue d’améliorer, les outils de gestions liées aux développements de l’innovation en dehors des frontières organisationnelles

    Identification of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: A Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach

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    The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in the last few months raised global health concern. Previous research described that remdesivir and ritonavir can be used as effective drugs against COVID-19. In this study, we applied the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) on the high similar remdesivir- and ritonavir-approved drugs, selected from the DrugBank database as well as on a series of ritonavir derivatives, selected from the literature. The aim was to provide new potent SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors with high stability. The analysis was performed using AutoDock VINA implicated in the PyRx 0.8 tool. Based on the ligand binding energy, 20 compounds were selected and then analyzed by AutoDock tools. Among the 20 compounds, 3 compounds were selected as high-potent anti-COVID-19

    Optimization of RGB LEDs to Better Control the Melatonin Suppression for Humans

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