QCD thermodynamics and magnetization in nonzero magnetic field

In nonzero magnetic field, the magnetic properties and thermodynamics of the quantum-chromodynamic (QCD) matter is studied in the hadron resonance gas and the Polyakov linear-sigma models and compared with recent lattice calculations. Both models are fairly suited to describe the degrees of freedom in the hadronic phase. The partonic ones are only accessible by the second model. It is found that the QCD matter has paramagnetic properties, which monotonically depend on the temperature and are not affected by the hadron-quark phase-transition. Furthermore, raising the magnetic field strength increases the thermodynamic quantities, especially in the hadronic phase but reduces the critical temperature, i.e. inverse magnetic catalysis.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures accepted for publication in AHE

On dynamical net-charge fluctuations within a hadron resonance gas approach

The dynamical net-charge fluctuations (${\nu}_{dyn}$) in different particle ratios $K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$ are calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and compared with STAR central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7-200~$GeV and NA49 central Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3-17.3~$GeV. The three charged-particle ratios ($K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$) are determined as total and average of opposite and average of same charges. We find an excellent agreement between the HRG calculations and the experimental measurements, especially from STAR beam energy scan (BES) program, while the strange particles in the NA49 experiment at lower Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies are not reproduced by the HRG approach. We conclude that the utilized HRG version seems to take into consideration various types of correlations including strong interactions through the heavy resonances and their decays especially at BES energies.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physic

Particle production and chemical freezeout from the hybrid UrQMD approach at NICA energies

The energy dependence of various particle ratios is calculated within the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach and compared with the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and measurements from various experiments, including RHIC-BES, SPS and AGS. It is found that the UrQMD particle ratios agree well with the experimental results at the RHIC-BES energies. Thus, we have utilized UrQMD in simulating particle ratios at other beam energies down to 3 GeV, which will be accessed at NICA and FAIR future facilities. We observe that the particle ratios for crossover and first-order phase transition, implemented in the hybrid UrQMD v3.4, are nearly indistinguishable, especially at low energies (at large baryon chemical potentials or high density).Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, one reference is added and one paragraph is rephrased. To appear in EPJ

The Effect of Cinnamon versus Atorvastatin on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Hypercholesterolemic Albino Rats (Histological, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural study)

Hypercholesterolemia refers to elevated cholesterol levels in the blood, and statin family compounds are essential synthetic medications for treating this condition. Plant extracts, such as cinnamon, were used to treat various diseases, researchs showing that cinnamon significantly reduces blood triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Objectives: The present study's goal was to compare the effect of Cinnamon versus Atorvastatin on the submandibular salivary gland of hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Materials and Methods: There were two groups of twenty-eight male albino rats. (1) Control group: rats were kept on a normal diet, (2) Experimental groups: Hypercholesterolemic group: rats fed with hypercholesterolemic rich diet for 4 months, Atorvastatin and Cinnamon groups: rats were given Atorvastatin tablets and Cinnamon powder at the beginning of the third month with a dose of 10 mg/kg BW. and 6mg \ Kg. B.W. respectively. Sections 5 mm thick of the submandibular salivary glands were examined histologically, ultra-structurally, and immunologically through assessment of anti-Caspase Ⅲ immune antibody. Results: The group with high cholesterol showed marked degenerative changes in parenchymal elements of the submandibular salivary gland, while the Atorvastatin and Cinnamon groups showed a marked enhancing effect in the histological structure of the rat’s submandibular gland. Conclusion: Administration of Atorvastatin as a synthetic line of treatment for hypercholesterolemia positively affected submandibular gland tissue and the cholesterol level in the blood. As a natural herbal line of treatment Cinnamon enhanced the histological and ultrastructure picture of the submandibular gland, level of caspase III in addition to blood cholesterol levels in hypercholesteraemic rat

The Effects of Atorvastatin, Ginger, and Cinnamon on the Structure of Rats' Submandibular Salivary Gland Fed on Cholesterol-Rich Diet

Hypercholesterolemia is a term used to describe high amounts of cholesterol in the blood. The statin family of substances, a heterogeneous collection of molecules that impede the action of HMG CoA reductase, is one of the most important synthetic pharmaceuticals used to address such disorders. Plant extracts are increasingly being utilized to treat a variety of diseases. According to studies, Cinnamon and ginger lowers blood triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol, or high-density lipoprotein. Aim of the Study: The present study's goal was to compare the effect of statin (Atorvastatin) and Herbals (Ginger+ Cinnamon) on the submandibular salivary gland of hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Materials and Methods: There were two groups of 40 mature male albino rats. (1) Control group: rats were kept on a normal diet, (2) Experimental groups: Hypercholesterolemic group:  rats fed with hypercholesterolemic rich diet for 4 months, Atorvastatin and Cinnamon+ Ginger groups: rats were given Atorvastatin tablets and Cinnamon+ Ginger powder at the beginning of the third month with a dose of 10 mg/kg BW. and 6 gm \Kg. BW+ 100 mg\ Kg. BW respectively. Sections 5 mm thick of the parotid gland were examined histologically, ultra-structurally, and immunologically by anti-Caspase Ⅲ immune antibody. Results: The high cholesterol group had significant degenerative alterations in the parenchymal parts of the submandibular salivary gland, whereas the Atorvastatin and Cinnamon+ Ginger groups demonstrated significant enhancing effects in the histological structure of the rat's submandibular gland. Conclusion: To varying degrees, hypercholesterolemia wreaks havoc on the anatomy of the parotid gland. The use of Atorvastatin as a synthetic line of treatment for hypercholesterolemia improved submandibular gland tissue and blood cholesterol levels. Cinnamon+ Ginger administration improved submandibular gland tissue as a natural herbal remedy for high cholesterol levels in the blood

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Evaluation of the Portfolio’s Implementation in Clinical Clerkship: Students’ and Staff’s Perception in Egypt

Background: Over the last two decades, the focus of curricula has shifted from the acquisition of knowledge to the achievement of competence. The challenge is to improve the assessment scheme to formatively support the development of competence in an integrated, coherent, and longitudinal fashion, and assess them in a summative fashion. Objectives: To investigate the students’ and staff’s perception towards the implementation process of the portfolio in the clinical years at Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University. Methods: Two different questionnaires were used to explore the students’ and staff’s perception towards portfolio assessment process. Results: The students’ response rate was 70%. 46.8% of the students agreed on the portfolio’s complementary role to clinical teaching during rotations. They agreed that portfolio stimulated their problem solving and clinical reasoning skills by 38.5%, and 38.2% respectively. 41.1% agreed that it helped them in preparation for their future practice. However, 41% agreed that portfolio workload and time required were excessive. There was no chance to improve those aspects assessed as deficient in feedback. One of the threatening problems is copying the portfolio from others, unfortunately. 34.7% of the students agreed that this was a problem among them. Regarding the staff, they agreed that portfolio helped them to assess students’ competencies and permitted multiple episodes of teaching more effectively than single observations did (75%, and 72.2%, respectively). However, 38.9% felt that it was an exhausting and time-consuming assessment process. They thought that it would be better to have enough time for review the portfolio in detail before the oral discussion, and that was fair if two examiners evaluated it rather than one (64%, and 75%, respectively). Conclusion: The portfolio helps the faculty in assessment of students’ clinical competencies in a continuous manner but for both it was exhausting and time-consuming assessment process. Keywords: PORTFOLIO, EVALUATION, PERCEPTIO