Analysis of a diffusive effective mass model for nanowires

We propose in this paper to derive and analyze a self-consistent model describing the diffusive transport in a nanowire. From a physical point of view, it describes the electron transport in an ultra-scaled confined structure, taking in account the interactions of charged particles with phonons. The transport direction is assumed to be large compared to the wire section and is described by a drift-diffusion equation including effective quantities computed from a Bloch problem in the crystal lattice. The electrostatic potential solves a Poisson equation where the particle density couples on each energy band a two dimensional confinement density with the monodimensional transport density given by the Boltzmann statistics. On the one hand, we study the derivation of this Nanowire Drift-Diffusion Poisson model from a kinetic level description. On the other hand, we present an existence result for this model in a bounded domain

Structural and Morphological Study of PbS:ZnO Nanowires Films Deposited Using Thermal Evaporation Method

We obtained ZnO Nanowires films deposited on two types of substrate (Si (100) and glass) with 12 wt % PbS as dopant by simple thermal evaporation technique. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) images have confirmed the formation of ZnO Nanowires (NWs). EDX technique was used to investigate the elements content (standard analysis and mapping modes). Morphology and thickness of the films were investigated from surface and cross section of the films via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) have confirmed the hexagonal phase structure of the ZnO Nanowires, which appeared to be very fine and their diameters were less than 40 nm and their lengths were of several micrometers using SEM and HRTEM. The effect of PbS as dopant on the growth of ZnO Nanowires as well as on the morphology for two substrates was investigated and compared. These Nanowires films could be applied in several fields. Mapping -EDX has confirmed the stoichiometry of prepared films. Finally, the structure (phase) was verified by different characterization techniques. The optoelectronic application of Nanostructures film will be study later

Perencanaan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah pada Satuan Wilayah Pembangunan (Swp) II dan III Kabupaten Pati (Kecamatan Trangkil, Tlogowungu, Margoyoso, Gunungwungkal, Tayu, Cluwak, dan Dukuh Seti)

Perencanaan Sistem Pengolahan Sampah SWP II dan III Kabupaten Pati ialah perencanaan pengolahan sampah yang terintegrasi antara pewaadahan, pengumpulan, pemilahan, dan pengangkutan dengan mempertimbangkan aspek pengurangan sampah atau 3R. Perencanaan Sistem Pengolahan Sampah SWP II dan III terbagi 2 bagian yaitu perencanaan pasar dan perencanaan non pasar. Perencanaan non pasar merupakan gabungan dari pelayanan domestik dan non domestik. Besar timbulan sampah domestik di daerah perencanaan ialah sebesar 1,93 liter/orang/hari dan 0,46 liter/orang/hari untuk timbulan non domestik sehingga total timbulan ialah sebesar 2,39 liter/orang/hari. Berdasarkan RPJMN (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional) Republik Indonesia tahun 2015-2019 menetapkan bahwa pelayanan perkotaan untuk air bersih, Perumahan kumuh dan sanitasi untuk masing-masing ialah sebesar 100%, 0%, dan 100%. Karena pelayanan persampahan merupakan bagian dari sanitasi maka ditetapkan target pelayanan persampahan pada 2019 untuk wilayah perkotaan Kabupaten Pati ialah sebesar 100%. Sedangkan untuk 2020 hingga 2036, tingkat pelayanan persampahan berfokus kepada wilayah non perkotaan sebesar 15% di tahun akhir perencanaan berdasarkan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional. Untuk tingkat pelayanan pengurangan sampah atau 3R berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri nomor 1 tahun 2014 dan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum nomor 3 tahun 2013 menetapkan tingkat pelayanan 3R sebesar 20% hingga 40%. Jumlah TPS di SWP II dan III Kabupaten Pati berjumlah 5 buah terdiri dari 2 TPS non pasar dan 3 TPS pasar. Secara total tingkat pelayanan persampahan eksisting di SWP II dan III Kabupaten Pati sebesar 0,69% sehingga perlu diadakan sistem pengolahan sampah untuk meningkatkan sanitasi di SWP II dan III Kabupaten Pati untuk memenuhi target RPJMN

Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism

Autism affects males more than females, giving rise to the idea that the influence of steroid hormones on early fetal brain development may be one important early biological risk factor. Utilizing the Danish Historic Birth Cohort and Danish Psychiatric Central Register, we identified all amniotic fluid samples of males born between 1993 and 1999 who later received ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) diagnoses of autism, Asperger syndrome or PDD-NOS (pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified) (n=128) compared with matched typically developing controls. Concentration levels of Δ4 sex steroids (progesterone, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone) and cortisol were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. All hormones were positively associated with each other and principal component analysis confirmed that one generalized latent steroidogenic factor was driving much of the variation in the data. The autism group showed elevations across all hormones on this latent generalized steroidogenic factor (Cohen's d=0.37, P=0.0009) and this elevation was uniform across ICD-10 diagnostic label. These results provide the first direct evidence of elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism. Such elevations may be important as epigenetic fetal programming mechanisms and may interact with other important pathophysiological factors in autism

Birefringence in nonlinear anisotropic dielectric media

Light propagation is investigated in the context of local anisotropic nonlinear dielectric media at rest with the dielectric coefficients $\epsilon^\mu{}_\nu = \epsilon^\mu{}_\nu (\vec{E},\vec{B})$ and constant $\mu$, in the limit of geometrical optics. Birefringence was examined and the general conditions for its occurrence were presented. A toy model is exhibited, in which uniaxial birefringent media with nonlinear dielectric properties could be driven by external fields in such way that birefringence may be artificially controlled. The effective geometry interpretation is also addressed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

An effective mass theorem for the bidimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field

We study the limiting behavior of a singularly perturbed Schr\"odinger-Poisson system describing a 3-dimensional electron gas strongly confined in the vicinity of a plane $(x,y)$ and subject to a strong uniform magnetic field in the plane of the gas. The coupled effects of the confinement and of the magnetic field induce fast oscillations in time that need to be averaged out. We obtain at the limit a system of 2-dimensional Schr\"odinger equations in the plane $(x,y)$, coupled through an effective selfconsistent electrical potential. In the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, the electron mass is modified by the field, as the result of an averaging of the cyclotron motion. The main tools of the analysis are the adaptation of the second order long-time averaging theory of ODEs to our PDEs context, and the use of a Sobolev scale adapted to the confinement operator

Optimal discrete-time control for non-linear cascade systems

In this paper we develop an optimality-based framework for designing controllers for discrete-time nonlinear cascade systems. Specifically, using a nonlinear-nonquadratic optimal control framework we develop a family of globally stabilizing backstepping-type controllers parameterized by the cost functional that is minimized. Furthermore, it is shown that the control Lyapunov function guaranteeing closed-loop stability is a solution to the steady-state Bellman equation for the controlled system and thus guarantees both optimality and stability

Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry and Heavy Baryons: Electroweak Decays

Heavy quark spin symmetry is discussed in the context of single and doubly heavy baryons. A special attention is paid to the constraints/simplifications that this symmetry imposes on the non-relativistic constituent quark model wave functions and on the b->c semileptonic decays of these hadrons.Comment: Presented at the 21st European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Salamanca, Spain, 30 August - 3 September 201

Evaluation of certain Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria against Fusarium spp. infected peanut

In this study, the inhibition of soil borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium spp. that cause root and pod rot diseases in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was investigated by using  soil-isolated Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and root-nodule Brady- Rhizobium as biological agents. Twenty seven isolates of  Azotobacter  and  26 isolates of  Azospirillum obtained from rhizosphere of peanut plants, The efficiency of the nitrogenase activity was estimated and the best four  Azotobacter isolates including (A3, A7, A11, and A20) and three Azospirillum isolates including (AZ2, AZ14 and AZ18) were selected as the most efficient in  nitrogenase activity. These isolates were subjected to test their ability in solubilizing zinc and phosphate and their strength in direct antagonism. The isolates A7 and Az18 were more efficient in solubilizing Phosphate and zinc. Azospirillum sp. AZ18, Azotobacter sp. A7 and Brady-Rhizobium sp. B-Rh1 achieved the highest reduction percentage in mycelia linear growth of pathogenic fungi in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, Azotobacter sp. A7 recorded the highest disease reduction percentage of peanut root rot (44.38 %). Furthermore, Brady-Rhizobium sp. B-Rh1 recorded the highest disease reduction of peanut pod rot (50.6%) followed by Azotobacter sp. A7 (47.62%). In addition, our results showed that inoculation with the tested nitrogen fixing bacteria gave remarkable increase in the yield parameters of peanut plants such as number and weight of pods and  increased the vegetative biomass overall

LQ Robust Synthesis With Non-fragile Controllers: The Static State Feedback Case

This paper describes the synthesis of Non-fragile or Resilient regulators for linear systems. The general framework for fragility is described using state space methodologies and the LQH static state feedback case is examined in detail. We discuss the multiplicative structured uncertainties case and propose remedies of the fragility problem. The benchmark problem is taken as example to show how an uncertain or resilient static state feedback controller can affect the performance of the system