Socio – Economic and Financial Efects of Kidnapping in Birnin Gwari Local Governmant Area of Kaduna State

This paper focuses on the socio-economic and financial effects of kidnapping in BirninGwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the study area. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Chi-square (χ2) statistic was used to test the hypothesis. This study revealed that kidnapping has a significant effect on the socio-economic activities of the study area (χ2=13.849a, α=3, p-value=0.003). To enhance the reduction in the rate of kidnapping, the government needs to provide job opportunities for the youth, train the security agencies, and provide them with the necessary equipment to fight crime, especially kidnapping, in the country. The individual community should also form an active vigilante group or any other form of informal crime control mechanism to support the effort of the police to improve the level of security in the society. There is need for improved sensitization and collaboration between the security agencies and the community and all sections of society to pass the message of safety to Nigerians on the importance of reporting suspicious behaviour to the police and other security agencies

Socio – Economic and Financial Efects of Kidnapping in Birnin Gwari Local Governmant Area of Kaduna State

This paper focuses on the socio-economic and financial effects of kidnapping in BirninGwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the study area. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Chi-square (χ2) statistic was used to test the hypothesis. This study revealed that kidnapping has a significant effect on the socio-economic activities of the study area (χ2=13.849a, α=3, p-value=0.003). To enhance the reduction in the rate of kidnapping, the government needs to provide job opportunities for the youth, train the security agencies, and provide them with the necessary equipment to fight crime, especially kidnapping, in the country. The individual community should also form an active vigilante group or any other form of informal crime control mechanism to support the effort of the police to improve the level of security in the society. There is need for improved sensitization and collaboration between the security agencies and the community and all sections of society to pass the message of safety to Nigerians on the importance of reporting suspicious behaviour to the police and other security agencies

Impact of Non-Tariff Measures in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): A CGE Approach

The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a regional association based on the principle of open regionalism with the objective of promoting liberalization through trade and investment facilitation. This study evaluates two main scenarios having the ingredients of a deeper regional integration compared to its present Open regionalism status. Scenario I evaluate the effect of a gradual tariff cut on IORA while Scenario II combines the impact of tariff cuts, NTM reduction and Trade Facilitation. The result shows a welfare gain for virtually all IORA countries when a trade liberalization involving tariff cut is complemented with NTM reduction and trade facilitation. The results obtained are suggestive that IORA has more to gain if it involves in a deeper regional integration than the present form of open regionalism

Impact of Non-Tariff Measures in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): A CGE Approach

The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a regional association based on the principle of open regionalism with the objective of promoting liberalization through trade and investment facilitation. This study evaluates two main scenarios having the ingredients of a deeper regional integration compared to its present Open regionalism status. Scenario I evaluate the effect of a gradual tariff cut on IORA while Scenario II combines the impact of tariff cuts, NTM reduction and Trade Facilitation. The result shows a welfare gain for virtually all IORA countries when a trade liberalization involving tariff cut is complemented with NTM reduction and trade facilitation. The results obtained are suggestive that IORA has more to gain if it involves in a deeper regional integration than the present form of open regionalism

Estimating the Impacts of Non-Tariff Measures in the Indian Ocean Rim Association

In recent years, the Indian Ocean Rim Association has witnessed an increasing trend in the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs). This study evaluated the impact of NTMs in the Indian Ocean Rim Association through estimations of their ad valorem equivalents at the HS chapter and country levels. A gravity model using NTM count data (intensity) was specified and estimated to derive the importer-specific ad valorem equivalents for the four (4) most used NTMs in the region. The results showed the presence of both import-impeding and import-promoting effects of NTMs; however, the import-impeding effects dominated in the region. The quantitative restriction and safeguard measures were more restrictive compared to the sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade. This was expected since quantitative restrictions are trade-distorting by design. This calls for reforming trade policy in the region toward NTMs that are more transparent and trade enhancing for successful subsequent trade negotiations in the Indian Ocean Rim Association, which would support the sustainable economic development of the region

WTO must complete an ambitious fisheries subsidies agreement

Acknowledgements: U.R.S. and W.W.L.C. thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for funding the Solving FCB Research Partnership. U.R.S. acknowledges the support of the Pew Charitable Trusts. U.R.S. and L.A. are grateful to the Dona Bertarelli Philanthropy for support. M.B., W.W.L.C. and U.R.S. acknowledge support from the Canada Research Chairs program. S.V. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from EQUALSEA (Transformative adaptation towards ocean equity) project, under the European Horizon 2020 Program, ERC Consolidator (Grant Agreement # 101002784) funded by the European Research Council. Finally, we want to thank the Pew Charitable Trusts for their support of our (UBC’s Fisheries Economics Research Unit) research on the impacts of harmful fisheries subsidies

WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies

Sustainably managed wild fisheries support food and nutritional security, livelihoods, and cultures (1). Harmful fisheries subsidies—government payments that incentivize overcapacity and lead to overfishing—undermine these benefits yet are increasing globally (2). World Trade Organization (WTO) members have a unique opportunity at their ministerial meeting in November to reach an agreement that eliminates harmful subsidies (3). We—a group of scientists spanning 46 countries and 6 continents—urge the WTO to make this commitment..