Detection of Quinolones Resistant among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Clinical Specimens

The study was conducted through a period from November 2015 to may 2016, a total of 316 samples from various clinical cases of different patients were randomly collected and examined for detection of Gram negative bacteria .These clinical samples included wound swabs, burn swabs, ear swabs, sputum samples, stool, all collected samples were screened for presence of Gram negative bacteria by culturing on appropriate media and 94 Gram negative bacteria were identified via biochemical tests and confirmed by API 20E system. Overall, qnr-genes )quinolones resistance genes( were detected by multiplex PCR technique in 28/94 (29.78%) of all clinical isolates. However, the results showed that quinolones-resistance genes gave 25 positive results for qnrB, while 9 positive results for qnrS, but qnrA gene was not detected in any of the clinical isolates. Keywords: Gram negative bacteria, Antibiotics and qnr gene

Human-activity-centered measurement system:challenges from laboratory to the real environment in assistive gait wearable robotics

Assistive gait wearable robots (AGWR) have shown a great advancement in developing intelligent devices to assist human in their activities of daily living (ADLs). The rapid technological advancement in sensory technology, actuators, materials and computational intelligence has sped up this development process towards more practical and smart AGWR. However, most assistive gait wearable robots are still confined to be controlled, assessed indoor and within laboratory environments, limiting any potential to provide a real assistance and rehabilitation required to humans in the real environments. The gait assessment parameters play an important role not only in evaluating the patient progress and assistive device performance but also in controlling smart self-adaptable AGWR in real-time. The self-adaptable wearable robots must interactively conform to the changing environments and between users to provide optimal functionality and comfort. This paper discusses the performance parameters, such as comfortability, safety, adaptability, and energy consumption, which are required for the development of an intelligent AGWR for outdoor environments. The challenges to measuring the parameters using current systems for data collection and analysis using vision capture and wearable sensors are presented and discussed

Influence of Exposure Cd1-xMgx Fe₂O4 Compound by RF Plasma

يهدف هذا  العمل على تحسين الخواص التركيبية ، حيث تم تحضير مركبات Cd1-x Mgx Fe2O4 المحضرة بطريقة سول-جل للإشتعال التلقائي باستخدام العديد من المعدات الآلية ، مثل FESEM و XRD للتركيزات (x=0.0,0.8, 1),، تم تعريض البلازما بعد التوليف في غرفة الضغط المنخفض باستخدام  تقنية RF Magnetron Sputtering System ومقارنة النتائج. من خلال تحليل حيود الأشعة السينية ، يؤكد التكوين على الهيكل المكعب FCC للعينات المدروسة. لم تؤثر معالجة البلازما على التبلور ولكن الحجم البلوري (D) لحجم الجسيمات يتناقص بعد التعرض للبلازما من (32.33 - 27.083) نانومتر. أكدت الدراسات المورفولوجية تغيرات شكل السطح وتقليل حجم الجسيمات عند التعرض للبلازما. مقدمة: تدخل تقنية النانو في عدد كبير من المجالات التكنولوجية المختلفة ، حيث يكون النموذج الموحد للهيكل هو الجسيمات النانوية. تتميز الجسيمات النانوية النموذجية من نوع الامتداد ببعض الخصائص التي تميزها عن غيرها، بما في ذلك المقدار الكبير من المساحة المكشوفة لحجم النانو، ومغناطيس التشبع العالي والسلوك المغناطيسي المفرط النشاط [1]. بلورات فيريتس بتقنية النانو هي مواد عزل جيدة تختلف باختلاف التركيب البلوري  وطريقة التحضير [2]. وتعتمد خصائص الجسيمات النانوية بشكل كبير على تكوينها ، وتشكلها، والحجم المرتبط بظروف تحضير هذه المواد، وهذا يعني أن خصائص تقنية النانو ، والتي يمكن هندستها أثناء عملية التصنيع  [3]. هناك العديد من طرق التحضير، مثل الترسيب المشترك الحراري المائي، الانحلال الحراري، استخدام هلام محلول مائي ومزيل عكسي ،منها يمكن إنتاج جزيئات الفريت النانوية [4]. كان الفريت عبارة عن طبقات لينة تمت إزالتها بسهولة بسبب قوة قهرها المنخفض، وهو أساس تصنيفها كواحدة من فئتين على أساس المقاومة المغناطيسية ومغناطيسية القوة القهرية: صلبة وناعمة [5]. يحتوي الفريت الصلب على قوة قسرية عالية وهذا يؤدي إلى صعوبة إزالة المغناطيسية ويتم استخدامه في إنشاء أجهزة مغناطيسية دائمة مثل تلك المستخدمة في الثلاجات والمحركات الكهربائية ومكبرات الصوت الأخرى [6]. تم الإبلاغ أيضًا عن أن فريت المغنيسيوم يولد حرارة عالية ، مقارنة بالفريتات الأخرى، عندما يكون حجم الحبوب في نطاق نانومتر   [ 7] MgFe2O4 نظرًا لمقاومتها الكهربائية العالية ودرجة حرارة Curie ، فضلاً عن قيمتها العالية لمغنطة التشبع، لها العديد من الاستخدامات المهمة، وهي أيضًا مادة مغناطيسية ناعمة ولها مجموعة إسبنيل مقلوبة واحدة. مادة شبه موصلة لها تطبيقات في التكنولوجيا المغناطيسية وأجهزة الامتزاز وتكنولوجيا الاستشعار. [8] الكادميوم الفريت CdFe2O4 له هيكل شبيه بالمرحلة المستقرة، حيث تملأ أيونات الكادميوم والحديد رباعي السطوح (مواقع أ) وثماني السطوح (مواقع ب)، على التوالي (مواقع)، على التوالي، مع تعبئة مكعبة قريبة من أيونات الأكسيد [9]. على الرغم من المعرفة الواسعة بأن الإسبنيل العادي CdFeO يعمل كمغناطيس مضاد عند درجة حرارة Néel البالغة 13 كلفن، فإن التجميد الدوراني مع ارتباط قصير المدى يحدث فقط عند 13 كلفن، لا يوجد دليل على طلب بعيد المدى حتى 0.1 كلفن باستخدام القياسات التي تم الحصول عليها من تجارب نثر النيوترونات [10]. تستخدم بلازما التردد الراديوي (RF) بشكل شائع كعلاج سطحي أو تقنية ترسيب تستخدم البلازما ذات درجة الحرارة المنخفضة في مجموعة متنوعة من الصناعات، بما في ذلك الإلكترونيات والفضاء وعلم الأحياء [11]. تحتوي بلازما التردد الراديوي على أيونات عالية الطاقة وأنواع تفاعلية على نطاق واسع تستخدم في حفر السطح وترسيب أشباه الموصلات ذات الأغشية الرقيقة. بغض النظر عن ذلك ، فإن تشخيصه أمر بالغ الأهمية في تحديد العلاقة بين خصائص البلازما والمنتج النهائي [12]. طرق العمل: طريقة sol-gel شائعة وقديمة عملية كيميائية لإنتاج مجموعة متنوعة من الهياكل النانوية ، وأبرزها الجسيمات النانوية من أكسيد المعدن. حيث يتم دمج المواد الأولية الجزيئية مع الماء أو الكحول ثم تعريضها لتسخين معتدل أثناء التقليب. المبدأ الأساسي المتعلق بتقنية sol-gel هو تصنيع محلول متجانس تم إنشاؤه من المواد الخام أيضًا ثم تحويله إلى مادة هلامية. يتم طحن المساحيق وتلبيدها في فرن حراري عند 1100 درجة مئوية لمدة 6 ساعات. تم بعد ذلك ضغط المسحوق بواسطة مكبس هيدروليكي بضغط 150 كيلو نيوتن في قوالب لتشكيل قرص بقطر 20 مم. سيتم العمل على مرحلتين: قبل تعريضه للبلازما ، ثم عند وضع العينات في RF Magnetron Sputtering. الاستنتاجات: أظهرت قياسات الأشعة السينية أن عينات عدم التعرض والتعرض للبلازما لها هيكل إسبنيل مكعب ، وأن تباين المعلمات الهيكلية مع التعرض غير منتظم، وبالتالي تعزيز قدرة الذرات على الانتشار بعد وضعها على الركيزة وحجم الحبوب للعينة. تم إجراء التحليل المورفولوجي لعينات الفريت المحضرة Cd1-xMgxFe2O4 باستخدام FE-SEM، والذي يعطي تفاصيل عن حجم وهيكل الجسيمات التي تشكل البلورات النانوية. يظهر السطح المعرض للبلازما تغيرًا في مواضع البلورات وتماسكها مع بعضها البعض، والذي قد ينتج عن انخفاض في التأثير المغنطيسي الفائق وعيوب الشبكة في أفلام الفريت النانوية.Background: The work focuses on enhancing the structural properties, where the Cd1-x Mgx Fe2O4 products prepared by sol-gel solution were characterized. Auto ignition approach using several automated equipment, as FESEM, XRD, for concentrations (x=0.0,0.8 and 1), post-synthesis plasmas were exposed in a low-pressure chamber using the RF Magnetron Sputtering System and the results compared.  by X-ray diffraction analysis,  confirms the configuration to the FCC cubic structure of the studied samples. Plasma treatment did not affect the crystallization but the crystal size (D) of the particle size decreases after exposure to plasma from (32.33- 27.083)nm . Morphological studies confirmed surface shape changes and particle size reduction upon exposure to plasma.  Materials and Methods: The sol-gel method common and old a chemical process for the production of a variety of nanostructures, most notably nanoparticles of metal oxide. In which The molecular feedstock is combined with water or alcohol and then subjected to moderate heating while being agitated.  The basic principle pertaining to the sol-gel technology is to manufacture a homogenous  solution created from raw materials also then gelatinized . The powders are ground and sintered in a refractory oven at 1100 ° C for 6 hours. The powder was then pressed by a hydraulic press at a pressure of 150 kN into molds to form a disc with a diameter of 20 mm. The work will take place in two phases: before exposing it to the plasma, and then when the samples are placed into the RF Magnetron Sputtering. Results: The X-ray measurements showed that the  un-exposure and plasma- exposure samples have a cubic spinel structure, and that the variation of the structural parameters with the exposure is irregular, Consequently enhancing the atoms' ability to diffuse after being put onto the substrate and grain size of the sample. The morphological analysis of the as-prepared ferrite Cd1-xMgxFe2O4 samples was performed using FE-SEM, which gives  details on the size and structure of the particles that make up the nanocrystals. The surface exposed to the plasma shows a change in the positions of the crystals and their cohesion with each other , which may result from a decrease in supermagnetic effect and lattice defects in Ferrite nanocrystalline films. Conclusion: The aim of this work is to synthesize Cd1-xMgx Fe₂O4 ferrite nanoparticles in spinel cube structure by sol-gel self-combustion method. Then, the synthesis of thermal plasma using Radio frequency (RF) plasma, where the structural properties, surface shape, and interpretation were studied properties of ferrite nanoparticles produced before and after plasma exposure. According to the conducted XRD investigations the validity of the cubic spinel structure of ferrite and that the irregular difference in the size of the crystals before and after the exposure, the particle size decreases after exposure to plasma from (32.33- 27.083)nm, and the capillary parameter they were reduced from (8.892 to 8.743)nm for plasma-treated samples.   the results obtained from shaping cubic spinel phase in both iron nanoparticles before and after plasma exposure supported by the XRD results. The morphological study revealed irregularity grain distribution and dominant agglomeration in ferrite before and after exposure

Simulation Study of Adrenaline Synthesis from Phenylalanine

          Simulation study of Adrenaline synthesis from Phenylalanine has been carried out using semi-empirical methods (PM3) and density functional theory (DFT) STO-3G level of theory . Geometrical properties and vibration mods have been calculated for all structures. Different probable products have been suggested for each reaction and the most probable products being selected depending upon the electronic properties to prove the pathway of reactions that’s needed to synthesis adrenaline in the human body.           The calculations show the most probable product than other structurs due its energetic values of total energy, energy barrier value, heat of formation, zero point energy, imaginary frequency and rate constant that’s equal to (5.554*1012, 5.572*1012, 7.857*1012, 1.331*1013,1.116*1013) respectively by s-1 units. Thermodynamic functions (∆H, ∆S, ∆G) have been calculated for five steps reactions of Adrenaline synthesis . In reaction 1 equal to (-69.468, 1.37*10-4, -66.610), reaction 2 (-46.453, 3.044*10-3, -64.710), reaction 3 (-63.734, 0.022, 138.900), reaction 4 (87.036, 8.631*10-3, -451.510) and reaction 5 (-6.722,-0.025, 346,800) respectively by kCal/mol, kCal/mol/deg, and kCal/mol respective units. The chemical reactivity or energy gap has been calculated for the most probable products in the pathway of adrenaline synthesis

Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Extracted from Mucor rouxii

Mucor rouxii was selected due to the high biomass production and significant quantities of chitosan in its cell walls. M. rouxii cultured in Potato dextrose Broth for 96 hrs. at 30 C◦ in a shaking incubator at 150 rpm and 5.5 pH, then the fungal mycelial were dried, grounded and weighted. Mycelial dry weight in total was 68.8g with a yield of 1.72 ± 0.25 g/500ml, chitosan was extracted using the classic chemical method followed by precipitation of chitosan by using sodium hydroxide. chitosan yield was 2.13%, The degree of deacetylation of chitosan extracted from M. rouxii was 82.22% with low Molecular weight 63.67 kDa. The Antimicrobial properties of extracted chitosan was studded on four pathogenic bacteria by MIC method the most resistant strains which were S. aureus, whereas the most vulnerable strains were A. baumannii and E. coli. to produce natural chitosan and replace old sources (crustaceans). The observed antimicrobial properties also indicate an acceptable effect of chitosan on some strains that needs further study

Extractions of Tin Metal from Electronic Circuit Scrap by Wet Techniques

According to the larger accumulation of electronic equipment, then new environmental techniques (wet extraction process) are studied to treat these scrap and produced a utilized metal such as tin metals that used in different industrial processes. Different experimental are carried out in this studied in order to optimize the production of Tin metal from scrap circuits (stannous chloride) such as temperature of reaction (30, 35, 45, 55, 60 c°) concentration of scrap introduced (5.0, 7.0, 10.0, 13.0, 15% wt.) and residence time through smelting step as (2.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.0 hrs) respectively. A characterization and monitoring for production metals occurred by the use of x-ray scanning electron microscope to scan the internal structure of Tin metal, also an atomic absorption to determine the concentrations of Tin agglomerates. The results show that; optimum conditions that produced high percent of Tin metal from stannous chloride are (53°c temperature of residence, 8.5 wt% concentration of and 4.7 hrs residence time for reduction step at 2°c/min rating ratio). Afterward for smelting stage are (388°c curing temperature and 5 hrs residence time). Also the characteristic results proved that; agglomerate of Tin metal products appeared at these optimum conditions at x-ray and atomic absorption as 0.25 wt. % for standard blank metal as Cu and clear agglomerate of Tin metal in the electron microscope

Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low risk pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in tertiary hospital: a cross sectional study

Background: The current study aims to identify the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low-risk pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinic of tertiary University Hospital and to detect the most common causative organisms.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary University Hospital in the period between 1st November 2017 and 31st June 2018. All eligible women attending the outpatient clinic for antenatal care were approached to participate in the study. The recruited women were assessed through detailed history and clinical examination. Urine samples were taken for culture and sensitivity within two hours, in order to avoid bacterial multiplication. Urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test were done.Results: The study included 250 women. The mean age of included women was 25.89±5.49 (18-42 years). The urine analysis results showed that 32% of cases had pus cells >5 per high power field and 10.4% of cases have protein (+). Casts were present in 0.8% of cases. RBCs >5 per high power field were present in 4.8% of cases. ASB is defined as urine culture with more than 100,000 colony forming unit; this was present in 30 cases. This indicates that the prevalence of ASB among studied cases was 12%. Enterococcus was the most prevalent organism as it was present in 36.7% among positive cases. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to the growing organisms indicated that teicoplanin, imipenem, cefoxitin, cefotaxime + clavulanic acid, Entrapenem, and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole are the most effective antibiotics against the most common organisms causing asymptomatic bacteriuria.Conclusions: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low-risk pregnant women is about 12%. Urine culture for asymptomatic bacteriuria should be the standard of care for evaluation of pregnant patient during antenatal care as regard presence or absence of UTI

Distribution power loss minimization via optimal sizing and placement of shunt capacitor and distributed generator with network reconfiguration

The population is speeding up and the demands for electrical energy are clearly increasing, this growth in load leads to higher power loss and Voltage drop. This paper is focused on a method to decrease the power losses and voltage profile improvement. The first suggested technique binary particle swarm optimization BPSO is utilized for solving the problem of the power loss minimization in network distribution. This work based on optimum position and sizing of the distribution generation (DG) units, shunt capacitor (SC) with network reconfiguration is applied to show the improvement of the network distribution efficiency. The MATLAB programming part and software package MATPOWER7 are used to simulate 69-bus and 33-bus test system with three different cases of loads and different number of DG and SC. The result showed a positive impact on system efficiency in comparison with other previous studies. This paper showed that increase of DG and capacitor does not usually give the best result although the increase of system cost, maintenance, and the units' distance for gas supplying

Suitability of viscosity measurement methods for liquid food variety and applicability in food industry - A review.

Although there are several approaches to measure viscosity of liquid foods in the literature, the successful selected technique depends on the specific product and the functional characteristics that need to be analyzed. Accordingly, it is not an easy task for food technologists to determine the suitable approach to be used. Therefore briefing the existing methods, working principles, advantages, limitations and their successful applications for well known published articles, may enable the researchers to choose the optimum approach. The intensive review revealed that the most commonly used viscosity measurement devices are capillary flow viscometers, orifice type viscometers, falling ball viscometers, and rotational viscometers. Glass capillary viscometers are widely used for measuring low to medium viscosity of Newtonian fluids. In order to measure the viscosity of difficult fluids like those having large particles non-conventional geometries such as mixer viscometry method is used. Tube viscometer method which might be considered as a wide-bore capillary viscometer with a special capability to handle suspensions is currently used to determine rheological behaviour of a product after a thermal treatment. Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHE) are widely used in food industry for thermal treatment of very viscous food products. Mass detecting capillary viscometer is a new technique to measure the viscosity of milk and soymilk products. In order to measure the viscosity of food stabilizers coaxial viscometers are recommended. Also, possibly the best known of the orifice viscometers in the food industry is the dipping-type Zahn viscometer. Finally, it could be inferred that the viscosity ought to be independent on the instrument, so different instruments will yield the same results, but this is a theoretical concept and different instruments rarely yield identical results