Nonequilibrium plasmon emission drives ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics in photoexcited graphene

The fast decay of carrier inversion in photoexcited graphene has been attributed to optical phonon emission and Auger recombination. Plasmon emission provides another pathway that, as we show here, drives the carrier relaxation dynamics on ultrafast time scales. In studying the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics we find that plasmon emission effectively converts inversion into hot carriers, whose energy is then extracted by optical phonon emission. This mechanism not only explains the observed femtosecond lifetime of inversion but also offers the prospect for atomically thin ultrafast plasmon emittersThis work has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (United Kingdom), the Leverhulme Trust (United Kingdom), the European Research Council (ERC- 2011-AdG Proposal No. 290981) and the Spanish MINECO (Grant No. MAT2011-28581-C02-01

Los Rajiformes (Chondrichthyes, Batomorphii) del Plioceno inferior de la Formación Arenas de Huelva, suroeste de España

EL Neógeno marino del suroeste de España ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios, su contenido fosilífero ha sido objeto de numerosos trabajos, abordando diferentes grupos como malacofauna (Andrés, 1982; González-Delgado, 1983), foraminíferos (Sierro, 1984; González-Regalado, 1986), nanoplancton calcáreo (Flores, 1985), ostrácodos (González-Regalado y Ruiz, 1990, 1991; Ruiz y González-Regalado, 1996), polen (Valle y Peñalba, 1987), así como aspectos generales de tafonomía y paleoecología (Mayoral, 1986) y vertebrados (Ruiz et al., 1997). Algunos de estos trabajos indicaban la presencia de restos ictiológicos, como dientes de seláceos y otolitos. En este trabajo se presentan los registros inéditos de los Rajiformes de Formación Arenas de Huelva, Provincia de Huelva, España (Fig. 1) de la tesis doctoral de García (2008)

Unidades litológicas del Neógeno en el extremo oeste de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir y su correlación con el sondeo Huelva-1 (Huelva - España)

A detailed surveying and a new geological map of the sheet at 1:50.000 number 999/1016 (Huelva - Los Caños), located at the west end of the Guadalquivir Basin, has been carried out. This data allows us to propose a new organization of the lithological units present at the west side of the Odiel River. These units include all the sedimentary record in this sector of the Guadalquivir Basin, ranging from Tortonian to Pliocene, but with shallower and coarser facies that are only present in this part of the basin. This fact is due to the location of the area, probably less subsiding due to a longer distance from Betic-Rif orogen. The lithological units are described concisely and a correlation with the core of the Huelva-1 borehole and with the outcrops of Huelva – Palos de la Frontera area is also proposed. The units are organized in a stack of sequences with a progradational pattern, typical of a basin margin, and highlighting a gradual reduction of the accommodation space in the late Messinian and during the Pliocene.Se ha realizado un reconocimiento detallado y un nuevo mapa geológico de la hoja a 1: 50.000 número 999/1016 (Huelva - Los Caños), situada en el extremo oeste de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Estos datos nos han permitido proponer una nueva organización de las unidades litológicas presentes en el lado oeste del río Odiel. Estas unidades incluyen el registro sedimentario completo de este sector de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir, que va desde Tortoniense al Plioceno, pero mostrando unas facies más someras y gruesas que solo están presentes en esta parte de la cuenca. Este hecho se debe a la ubicación de la zona, probablemente menos subsidente debido a su mayor distancia con respecto al orógeno Bético-Rifeño. Las unidades litológicas se describen de forma concisa y se propone también su correlación con el testigo del sondeo Huelva-1 y los afloramientos de la zona de Huelva - Palos de la Frontera. Las unidades litológicas se organizan formando un apilamiento de secuencias con un patrón progradacional, típico de un borde de cuenca, y ponen de manifiesto una reducción gradual del espacio de acomodación a finales del Messiniense y durante el Plioceno.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Plan de Edición de Cartografía Geológica y Geomorfológica del IGME 2013-2016pu

Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea

The weight-length relationships are of a great interest in fish biology, stock assessment and fishery management, by predicting weight from length information and allowing to estimate the stock biomass. Weight-length relationships of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis), an economically relevant flatfish species, are studied for two decades (2001 to 2019) in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea (ICES stock Div. 7.b-k, 8.abd), two important European fishing areas. More than 22000 specimens collected from commercial landings by AZTI and IEO were sampled. Total fish length, total weight and commercial gutted weight were obtained. Four five-year periods (quinquennium) (2000-04; 2005-09; 2010-14; 2015-19) were defined in the studied time-series. Both the large sample size and time-series available, as well as the collaboration between both institutions collecting complementary information from this stock, allowed obtaining robust somatic parameters and analyzing their temporal variations. A weight-length relationship model was fitted and the quinquennium and semester factors, which are of interest biologically and for assessment purposes, and their interactions were significant in the preliminary model. The weight-length relationships, both for total and gutted weight and for the combined sexes of the most recent quinquennium are presented in this work and considered the most suitable to be used in the oncoming annual assessment process of the status of this stock in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea in ICES

Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for genotyping SH3 mediated coffee leaf rust resistance

Coffee is an important agricultural commodity in the world. However, it is susceptible to Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). Natural resistance to rust has been identified in the wild species Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica. These species have been used in breeding programs where interspecific resistant hybrids have been generated. The SH3 gene, derived from C. liberica, has been shown to confer extreme and long-lasting resistance to Hv. A total of 167 accessions of the INIA’s Coffee Germplasm Collection of Peru (INIA-CGC) were screened with 4 markers linked to the SH3 gene. As positive controls, EA67 (C. liberica) and the hybrid S.288 (C. arabica x C. liberica) were used. Separation of PCR products was done by capillary electrophoresis, which allow to discriminate the alleles of each marker. For three markers, specific alleles for either C. arabica or C. liberica species were found. In all cases, S.288 exhibited specific alleles for both species; whereas the INIA-CGC accessions had exclusively C. arabica alleles and EA67 had C. liberica alleles. The BA-48-21O-f marker did not produce PCR fragments for any of the positive controls, suggesting that this marker is not as predictive as the other three to determine the presence of SH3. This work reports the existence of multiple alleles for the Sat244 marker; however, the collection does not have the SH3 mediated-resistance gene. Finally, the utility of capillary electrophoresis as a tool to identify alleles linked to SH3 was demonstrated

Toward a clinical practice guide in pharmacogenomics testing for functional polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Gene/drug pairs and barriers perceived in Spain

The development of clinica lpractice recommendations or guidelines for the clinical use of biomarkers is an issue of great importance withr regard to adverse drug reactions.The poten-tial of pharmacogenomicbiomarkers has been extensively investigated in recent years.However,several barriers to implementing the use of pharmacogenomics testing exist.We conducted a survey among members of the Spanish Societies of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology to obtain information about the perception of such barriers and to compare the perceptions of participants about the relative importance of majorgene/drug pairs.Of 11 potential barriers,the highest importance was attributed to lack of institutional support for pharmacogenomic stesting,and to the issues related to the lack of guidelines.Of the proposed gene/drug pairs the highest importance was assigned to HLA-B/abacavir, UGT1A1/irinotecan, and CYP2D6/tamoxifen.In this perspective article,we compare the relative importance of 29 gene/drugpairs in the Spanish study with that of the same pairs in the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic sstudy,and we provide suggestions and areas of focus to develop a guide for clinical practice in pharmacogenomics testingThe work in the author’s laboratory is financed by Grants PS09/00943, PS09/00469, RETICS RIRAAF RD07/0064/0016, and CIBERehd from Instituto de Salud CarlosIII,Madrid, Spain, and by Grants GR10068 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain. Financed in part with FEDER funds from the European Unio

Prevalence and Population Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Dairy Cattle Farms in the Cantabria Region of Spain

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. Here we show the prevalence and transmission of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms in the Cantabria region, on the northern coast of Spain. A total of 424 samples was collected from 14 dairy farms (5 organic and 9 conventional) and 211 L. monocytogenes isolates were recovered following conventional microbiological methods. There were no statistically significant differences in antimicrobial resistance ratios between organic and conventional farms. A clonal relationship among the isolates was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and 64 different pulsotypes were obtained. Most isolates (89%, n = 187) were classified as PCR serogroup IVb by using a multiplex PCR assay. In this case, 45 isolates of PCR serogroup IVb were whole genome-sequenced to perform a further analysis at genomic level. In silico MLST analysis showed the presence of 12 sequence types (ST), of which ST1, ST54 and ST666 were the most common. Our data indicate that the environment of cattle farms retains a high incidence of L. monocytogenes, including subtypes involved in human listeriosis reports and outbreaks. This pathogen is shed in the feces and could easily colonize dairy products, as a result of fecal contamination. Effective herd and manure management are needed in order to prevent possible outbreaks.This work was supported by Research Project grants RTA08-099, RTA2008-00080-C02, RTA2014-00045-C03-01 (INIA and FEDER) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and RTI2018-098267-R-C31 (INIA and FEDER) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.S

Co-Existence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57 in a Clinical Isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii from Alexandria, Egypt

The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Middle East and North Africa are one of the major concerns for healthcare settings. We characterised the first A. baumannii isolate harbouring five β-lactamases identified in Egypt. The isolate Ale25 was obtained from an ICU patient of a hospital from Alexandria. The isolate was phenotypically and genotypically screened for carbapenemase genes. The isolate was resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cefiderocol. Whole-Genome Sequencing identified five β-lactamase genes, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57, together with other antibiotic resistance genes, conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, rifamycin and chloramphenicol. Virulome analysis showed the presence of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm production, type II and VI secretion systems, exotoxins, etc. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing analysis identified the isolate as Sequence Types 113Pas and 2246Oxf, belonging to International Clone 7. Sequencing experiments revealed the presence of four plasmids of 2.7, 22.3, 70.4 and 240.8 Kb. All the β-lactamase genes were located in the chromosome, except the blaPER-7, gene which was found within the plasmid of 240.8 Kb. This study highlights the threat of the emergence and dissemination of these types of isolates.This research was funded by the MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), grant number PID2020-116495RB-I00; the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE BASQUE GOVERNMENT (Research Groups of the Basque University System 2021), grant number Group IT1578-22, GIC21/18; and the ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT, grant number 2072

Estudio experimental y numérico 3D del flujo supercrítico en un cruce de calles

Se estudia el comportamiento del flujo supercrítico en un cruce de canales a 90º el cual simula un cruce de calles con sección transversal rectangular. Aunque en general el flujo es supercrítico, en el cruce tiende a ser subcrítico formándose resaltos hidráulicos en la zona del cruce o en las calles inmediatamente aguas arriba (Nanía, 1999 y Nanía et al, 2004). Se comparan los resultados numéricos realizados con FLOW-3D con datos experimentales de uno de los casos, observándose que, a pesar de ser los caudales de entrada constantes, los resaltos presentan una oscilación en su posición, verificada experimentalmente, lo cual se traduce en una variabilidad en la distribución de caudales aguas abajo del cruce de un 13 %. También se observa que el flujo es en general débilmente tridimensional, excepto en las zonas de los resaltos. Dado que aún con una simulación 3D existe una incertidumbre en la distribución de caudales y que el flujo no es altamente 3D, se concluye que es probable que una simulación 2D del flujo en el cruce podría dar un resultado lo suficientemente aproximado cuando el objetivo sea averiguar el reparto de caudales en el cruce, siendo el coste computacional mucho menor.Postprint (published version