La influencia del apego en el desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de la primera infancia. Estudio realizado desde la teoría del apego en niños de 0 a 3 años, del proyecto “Creciendo con Nuestros Hijos”, en el sector Santa Rita - Quito, en el periodo agosto - diciembre del 2022

La presente investigación es expuesta como un trabajo que permite evidenciar, desde el contexto ecuatoriano, el apego y su influencia en el desarrollo del lenguaje. Para esto, se tomó en cuenta a un grupo de niños de 0 a 3 años y sus cuidadores primarios que residen en el sector sur de Quito, específicamente en el barrio Santa Rita. El trabajo cuenta con su fundamentación teórica donde se destaca a Jonh Bowlby y Mary Ainsworth con la teoría del apego, y varios autores con relación al desarrollo humano, donde se incluye el concepto del desarrollo del lenguaje. Para la realización de la investigación, se usaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con preguntas formuladas con referencia al Attachment Qset Versión 3.0 y al Manual de Evaluación de la Comunicación y del Lenguaje presentado por el Gobierno de Navarra. De esta manera, se pudo generar teoría fundamentada desde los discursos de las/los participantes para poder plasmar la presencia de ambos factores en la vida de las niñas y niños

Regioselective Mercury(I)/Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Single-Step Approach for the Synthesis of Imines and 2-Substituted Indoles

An efficient synthesis of ketimines was achieved through a regioselective Hg(I)-catalyzed hydroamination of terminal acetylenes in the presence of anilines. The Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization of these imines into the 2-substituted indoles was satisfactorily carried out by a C-H activation. In a single-step approach, a variety of 2-substituted indoles were also generated via a Hg(I)/Pd(II)-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step process, starting from anilines and terminal acetylenes. The arylacetylenes proved to be more effective than the alkyl derivatives

Cinnamom verum Plantations in the Lowland Tropical Forest of Mexico Are Affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phylogenetically Classified into Phytophthora Subclade 7c

Cinnamon is a tree introduced to the lowlands of Mexico in the mid-16th century, but it spread to other places at the beginning of the 20th century due to its important commercial value as an aromatic spice. In the state of Veracruz, symptoms of dieback have been observed in 12-year-old cinnamon plantations cultivated in an agroforestry system, causing concern among producers. For this reason, the present investigation was carried out to determine the causal agent of these symptoms observed in cinnamon trees. Fifty symptomatic plants were recovered from established plantations. One hundred cinnamon root fragments showing dieback were selected and separated; isolates were made from tissue showing crown and root rot on clarified juice V-8 agar medium. After eight days, the growth of whitish coralloid mycelium with characteristics similar to the Phytophthora oomycete was consistently observed. Subsequently, the identity corresponding to P. cinnamomi was confirmed by morphological, taxonomic studies and Bayesian inference of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer. The pathogenicity test was performed on 20 6-month-old cinnamon plants grown in pots by inoculating 2.5 × 104/mL of zoospores around the roots. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water and kept in a greenhouse under conditions controlled. After five weeks, symptoms of root rot were observed in the inoculated plants; however, the control group plants remained healthy. The results showed that P. cinnamomi subclade 7c was responsible for the symptoms observed in lowland cinnamon plantations in Mexico. Our findings suggest that this phytopathogen is a new threat for cinnamon growers; likewise, it is recommended that growers implement management strategies to avoid its introduction into nurseries or new plantations that could be susceptible to this pathogen

<i>Cinnamom verum</i> Plantations in the Lowland Tropical Forest of Mexico Are Affected by <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i>, Phylogenetically Classified into <i>Phytophthora</i> Subclade 7c

Cinnamon is a tree introduced to the lowlands of Mexico in the mid-16th century, but it spread to other places at the beginning of the 20th century due to its important commercial value as an aromatic spice. In the state of Veracruz, symptoms of dieback have been observed in 12-year-old cinnamon plantations cultivated in an agroforestry system, causing concern among producers. For this reason, the present investigation was carried out to determine the causal agent of these symptoms observed in cinnamon trees. Fifty symptomatic plants were recovered from established plantations. One hundred cinnamon root fragments showing dieback were selected and separated; isolates were made from tissue showing crown and root rot on clarified juice V-8 agar medium. After eight days, the growth of whitish coralloid mycelium with characteristics similar to the Phytophthora oomycete was consistently observed. Subsequently, the identity corresponding to P. cinnamomi was confirmed by morphological, taxonomic studies and Bayesian inference of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer. The pathogenicity test was performed on 20 6-month-old cinnamon plants grown in pots by inoculating 2.5 × 104/mL of zoospores around the roots. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water and kept in a greenhouse under conditions controlled. After five weeks, symptoms of root rot were observed in the inoculated plants; however, the control group plants remained healthy. The results showed that P. cinnamomi subclade 7c was responsible for the symptoms observed in lowland cinnamon plantations in Mexico. Our findings suggest that this phytopathogen is a new threat for cinnamon growers; likewise, it is recommended that growers implement management strategies to avoid its introduction into nurseries or new plantations that could be susceptible to this pathogen

“Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders Medicinal Plants: A Glance at the Past and a Look to the Future 2018”: Antihyperglycemic Activity of Hamelia patens Jacq. Extracts

Diabetes is one the world’s most widespread diseases, affecting over 327 million people and causing about 300,000 deaths annually. Despite great advances in prevention and therapy, existing treatments for this disorder have serious side effects. Plants used in traditional medicine represent a valuable source in the search for new medicinal compounds. Hamelia patens Jacq. has been used for treating diabetes and, so far, no reports have been made on the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of this plant. The present study on H. patens aimed to test the antihyperglycemic effect of repeated administrations of the crude and fractional methanolic extracts (CME and FME, respectively) on rats with hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. After 10 administrations (20 days), each extract had lowered blood glucose to a normal level. The extracts produced effects similar to metformin. Of the five compounds identified by chromatographic analysis of the extracts, epicatechin and chlorogenic acid demonstrated antihyperglycemic effect. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evidenced by their IC50 values (51.7 and 50.7 μg/mL, respectively). The LD50≥2000 mg/Kg suggests low toxicity for both CME and FME. Thus, considering that the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of metformin and extracts from H. patens were comparable, the latter may be efficacious for treating diabetes

20 años de estudios sobre el Caribe colombiano

El Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER) fue el primer esfuerzo del Banco de la República para descentralizar la investigación económica, la cual tenía como único centro de operaciones la oficina principal en Bogotá. Es así como en 1997, se puso en marcha el primer centro regional en la sucursal de Cartagena. Inicialmente fue llamado Centro de Investigaciones Económicas del Caribe y luego, en 2001, se convierte en Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER), realizando estudios de todas las regiones del país. En 2017, con motivo de la celebración de los 20 años de existencia del CEER, se decidió adelantar un proyecto en el que participarían un grupo de destacados investigadores y estudiosos de la realidad Caribe. El propósito de tal proyecto era realizar un balance de la evolución y principales investigaciones durante las dos últimas décadas en seis dimensiones en particular: Historiografía, Estudios Económicos y Sociales, Arqueología, Estructuras Políticas, Cultura y algunos de los Carnavales y Festivales más populares en la región