23 research outputs found
Escape and Naturalization of Tagetes patula in Western Ethiopia
This study was carried out on an introduced ornamental - Tagetes patula L., which has escaped cultivation and has been naturalized in Benishangul-Gumuz National Regional State (bgnrs), western Ethiopia. Another introduced ornamental - Zinnia elegans Jacq. and the native species - Bidens prestinaria (Sch. Bip.) Cufod. were included in some of the experiments for comparison. Pre-prepared semi-structured interviews were administered, on the arrival, spread and impact of T. patula. The result showed that the escaped T. patula has no negative impact on the daily life of people, except weeding in farmlands. T. patula was found associated with species that prefer shade and moisture in semi-natural vegetation. It produces a large number of relatively small propagules and has a seed bank. These characters might enhance its invasive ability and make it a potential threat to grazing fields and natural landscapes in western Ethiopia. The result of fire simulation experiment, however, revealed that fire had an effect on seed germination, as there was no seed germination at higher temperature treatment (120°C/5 minutes). The annual fire occurring existing in the woodlands of bgnrs might not allow invasion by the species that are not adapted to fire, like T. patula and Z. elegans. In the absence of annual woodland fire, invasion of the woodland vegetation in bgnrs by T. patula and Z. elegans is most likely to occur
Challenges and opportunities for implementing integrated mental health care: a district level situation analysis from five low- and middle-income countries.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how to tailor implementation of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to the diverse settings encountered within and between countries. In this paper we compare the baseline context, challenges and opportunities in districts in five LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa and Uganda) participating in the PRogramme for Improving Mental health carE (PRIME). The purpose was to inform development and implementation of a comprehensive district plan to integrate mental health into primary care. METHODS: A situation analysis tool was developed for the study, drawing on existing tools and expert consensus. Cross-sectional information obtained was largely in the public domain in all five districts. RESULTS: The PRIME study districts face substantial contextual and health system challenges many of which are common across sites. Reliable information on existing treatment coverage for mental disorders was unavailable. Particularly in the low-income countries, many health service organisational requirements for mental health care were absent, including specialist mental health professionals to support the service and reliable supplies of medication. Across all sites, community mental health literacy was low and there were no models of multi-sectoral working or collaborations with traditional or religious healers. Nonetheless health system opportunities were apparent. In each district there was potential to apply existing models of care for tuberculosis and HIV or non-communicable disorders, which have established mechanisms for detection of drop-out from care, outreach and adherence support. The extensive networks of community-based health workers and volunteers in most districts provide further opportunities to expand mental health care. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of baseline health system preparedness across sites underlines that interventions at the levels of health care organisation, health facility and community will all be essential for sustainable delivery of quality mental health care integrated into primary care
Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents
The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity,
quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and
2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed
collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we
describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total
of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety
duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral
System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant
Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most
collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for
rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets
were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding
programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Adapting agriculture to climate change: a synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across five continents.
Na publicação: Marcelo B. Medeiros
Land-use changes by large-scale plantations and their effects on soil organic carbon, micronutrients and bulk density: empirical evidence from Ethiopia
Efeitos da prostaglandina E1 (PGE1) na gĂȘnese de capilares sanguĂneos em mĂșsculo esquelĂ©tico isquĂȘmico de ratos: estudo histolĂłgico Effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in the genesis of blood capillaries in rat ischemic skeletal muscle: histological study
CONTEXTO: A angiogĂȘnese terapĂȘutica Ă© uma modalidade de tratamento para pacientes com insuficiĂȘncia arterial crĂŽnica que nĂŁo tĂȘm indicação para revascularização direta ou angioplastia e que nĂŁo tiveram uma resposta satisfatĂłria ao tratamento clĂnico. Entre as drogas utilizadas para essa finalidade estĂĄ a prostaglandina E1 (PGE1). OBJETIVO: Estudar os aspectos morfolĂłgicos na gĂȘnese de capilares sanguĂneos em mĂșsculo esquelĂ©tico do membro caudal de ratos submetidos Ă isquemia sob a ação da PGE1, administrada por via intramuscular (IM) ou endovenosa (EV). MĂTODOS: Foram utilizados 48 ratos, linhagem Wistar-UEM, distribuĂdos aleatoriamente em trĂȘs grupos de 16, redistribuĂdos igualmente em dois subgrupos, observados no 7Âș e 14Âș dias, sendo um grupo controle onde apenas foi provocada a isquemia no membro, outro com a isquemia e a injeção da PGE1 via IM e outro com a isquemia e a injeção da PGE1 EV. Para anĂĄlise dos resultados, foram realizadas a coloração com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e coloração imuno-histoquĂmica. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se um aumento estatisticamente significativo no nĂșmero de capilares nos subgrupos com o uso da PGE1 IM e EV, atravĂ©s da contagem nos cortes corados com HE. A imunomarcação nĂŁo foi eficiente para a quantificação dos capilares. CONCLUSĂES: A PGE1, administrada por via IM ou EV, promoveu, apĂłs 14 dias de observação, um aumento no nĂșmero de capilares no mĂșsculo esquelĂ©tico de ratos submetido Ă isquemia, identificĂĄveis histologicamente com a coloração em HE. A imunocoloração nĂŁo permitiu estabelecer uma correlação com o aumento de vasos encontrados na coloração com HE.<br>BACKGROUND: Therapeutic angiogenesis is a treatment modality for patients with chronic arterial insufficiency who do not have indication for direct reconstruction or angioplasty and who were not successfully submitted to clinical treatment. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is one of the drugs used for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To study morphologic aspects in the genesis of blood capillaries in the lower limb skeletal muscle of rats submitted to ischemia under the action of intramuscular (IM) or endovenous (EV) PGE1. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar-UEM rats were randomly distributed into three groups of 16, equally redistributed into two subgroups, observed at the 7th and 14th days as follows: one control group, which had only limb ischemia; one group with ischemia and IM injection of PGE1; and one group with ischemia and EV injection of PGE1. To analyze the results, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining were used. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the number of capillaries in the subgroups using IM or EV PGE1, through counting in the samples containing HE staining. Immunostaining was not efficient for the quantification of capillaries. CONCLUSIONS: IM or EV PGE1 resulted in an increase in number of capillaries in the skeletal muscle of rats submitted to ischemia after 14 days of observation, which was histologically identifiable through HE staining. Immunostaining was not successful in establishing a correlation with the increase in vessels found in HE staining