Aplicação do bombeio mecânico com hastes na elevação do petróleo

Quando a própria pressão do poço não é suficiente para elevar seus fluidos de forma economicamente viável se faz necessário à utilização de algum método de elevação artificial. A escolha desse método depende de alguns fatores como: profundidade de elevação, vazões de produção, característica dos fluidos produzidos, produção de areia e principalmente se vai funcionar em unidades onshore ou offshore. O bombeio mecânico com hastes é o método de elevação mais utilizado no mundo, por isso conhecer seu funcionamento é muito importante. Neste método de elevação artificial o movimento rotativo de um motor elétrico ou de combustão interna é transformado em movimento alternativo por uma unidade de bombeio localizada próxima à cabeça do poço. Uma coluna de hastes transmite o movimento alternativo para o fundo do poço, acionando uma bomba que eleva os fluidos produzidos pelo reservatório para a superfície. Seus componentes principais são: unidade de bombeio, bomba de fundo, coluna de hastes e motor. Por ser o método mais conhecido e utilizado em todo o mundo sua manutenção é fácil e pouco onerosa se comparado com outros métodos de elevação

Ações interdisciplinar nas situações de SEPSE na unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa

Introduction: Sepsis, also called generalized infection, is an illness that, if not treated early and immediately, spreads quickly throughout the body and affects the immune system, making it difficult for organs to function. Objective: to evaluate interdisciplinary actions in cases of sepsis in the ICU. Methodology: Integrative literature review research, guided by the following steps: construction of the research question; delimitation of inclusion and exclusion criteria; choice of databases; search and selection of studies; analysis and presentation of results.Results and Discussion: 1,990 studies were identified, after applying the language inclusion criterion, remaining 200 studies, and then reading the titles, in which 1,790 articles were excluded, as they were not related to the objective of this article. The abstracts of the 200 articles selected from the analysis of the titles were read and only those that met the inclusion criteria had their abstracts investigated. The research comprised 10 articles. Conclusion: Sepsis occurs due to several factors such as the patient's age, length of stay, pre-established comorbidities, immunity and the procedures performed on the patient.Introdução: A sepse, também chamada de infecção generalizada, é uma enfermidade que se não tratada de forma precoce e imediata, se espalha rapidamente pelo corpo e afeta o sistema imunológico, dificultando o funcionamento dos órgãos. Objetivo: avaliar as ações interdisciplinares nos casos de sepse na UTI. Metodologia: Pesquisa de revisão integrativa da literatura, guiada pelas seguintes etapas: construção da questão de pesquisa; delimitação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão; escolha das bases de dados; busca e seleção dos estudos; análise e exposição dos resultados. Resultados e Discussão: Foram identificados 1.990 estudos, depois da aplicação do critério de inclusão do idioma, permanecendo os 200 estudos, e em seguida a leitura dos títulos, nos quais foram excluídos 1.790 artigos, por não estarem relacionados ao objetivo deste artigo. Houve a leitura dos resumos dos 200 artigos selecionados a partir da análise dos títulos e somente aqueles dentro dos critérios de inclusão tiveram os resumos investigados. Compuseram a pesquisa 10 artigos. Conclusão: A sepse ocorre por vários fatores como idade do paciente, tempo de internação, comorbidades pré estabelecidas, imunidade e os procedimentos realizados no mesmo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

A Formação de Instrutores para Condução do Laboratório de Gestão num Curso de Administração.

O car&aacute;ter pouco envolvente das aulas expositivas tradicionais revela a necessidade de uma nova abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem, que seja capaz de transformar o aluno em protagonista de suas a&ccedil;&otilde;es e n&atilde;o apenas mero &ldquo;receptor&rdquo; de informa&ccedil;&otilde;es. Para transformar &eacute; necess&aacute;rio tamb&eacute;m que os docentes, que s&atilde;o fruto do processo pedag&oacute;gico tradicional e possuem forma&ccedil;&otilde;es heterog&ecirc;neas, sejam instru&iacute;dos de forma a orientar seus alunos dentro deste novo contexto mais din&acirc;mico e interdisciplinar. O estudo visitou referenciais te&oacute;ricos como Capacita&ccedil;&atilde;o Docente (SALM, 2007; LACOMBE, 2007), Aprendizagem Vivencial (HOOVER, 1974; CRIDAL, 2003), Jogos de Empresas (SANTOS, 2003; PIRES, 2007) e Laborat&oacute;rio de Gest&atilde;o (OLIVEIRA e SAUAIA, 2008). O presente trabalho descreve, atrav&eacute;s de um estudo explorat&oacute;rio, as principais ocorr&ecirc;ncias de um curso de Forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de Instrutores, realizado numa IFES no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, para um novo conceito de metodologia educacional proposta por Sauaia (2008), denominado Laborat&oacute;rio de Gest&atilde;o. O curso contou com a participa&ccedil;&atilde;o de nove docentes do curso de Administra&ccedil;&atilde;o que demonstravam interesse em ampliar as propostas do programa para o curso como um todo, visando assim criar uma nova estrutura de aprendizagem centrada na participa&ccedil;&atilde;o efetiva do aluno enquanto protagonista na constru&ccedil;&atilde;o do conhecimento. Os resultados apontam a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de vis&atilde;o interdisciplinar, mediante uma nova postura docente, e tamb&eacute;m o despertar para uma cultura educacional inovadora representada por uma proposta de integra&ccedil;&atilde;o das disciplinas ao programa