Quand l’art rend la parole au peuple :« Rescate por la memoria » ou la voix et la mémoire du peuple péruvien

Le conflit que le Pérou connut entre 1980 et 2000 a laissé des traces dans les corps et dans les cœurs. Il est une présence latente dont les effets se font encore sentir aujourd’hui, une référence omniprésente à l’heure de proposer des mesures politiques et de faire un bilan social. Les discussions sur le devoir de mémoire ont surgi après la publication en 2003 du rapport final de la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation (CVR). Plusieurs projets artistiques ont ainsi vu le jour. L’Art, la culture ont alors ouvert des portes, offert de nouvelles possibilités puisque les projets de mémoire sont des actions de réparation et d’apprentissage collectifs. Révéler un pan de l’histoire passée sous silence, sauver la mémoire des invisibles, des populations marginalisées devient alors primordial. En 2005, le devoir de mémoire a ainsi vu naître un site de conscience, le mémorial « El Ojo que llora ». Des collectifs se mobilisent également pour faire entendre la voix du peuple. En 2004, par exemple, le collectif Yuyarisun realisa un concours intitulé « rescate por la memoria » dans la région d’Ayacucho afin d’offrir un espace d’expression aux personnes de tous âges et de tous sexes et leurs rendre leurs voix. Par le biais de différents moyens artistiques (contes, poésies, chants, bandes dessinées, etc.), ils ont révélé leurs perceptions du processus de vérité, justice, réparation et réconciliation, les expériences traumatisantes vécues par ces communautés durant cette époque de violence politique (1980-1992) que ni les Forces Armées ni Le Sentier Lumineux ne reconnaissaient comme des personnes de plein droit. Les travaux du muraliste Olfer Leonardo, et notamment la série « Huanta: murales por la memoria y la verdad histórica » en sont un autre exemple. Cet art de masse exposé dans l’espace public visibilise les voix marginalisées

« Cuentos de frontera », frontière péruano-équatorienne. La frontière selon le peuple

« Cuentos de frontera » est un recueil de 42 nouvelles, divisé en deux ouvrages publiés respectivement en 2003 et 2004. Soutenu par le Projet Binational de Communication radiophonique pour la Paix, l'Intégration et le Développement entre le Pérou et l’Équateur, et par l'Agence espagnole de coopération internationale (AECI), ce concours de nouvelles a été organisé par plusieurs radios situées de chaque côté de la frontière péruano-équatorienne : Radio Cutivalú (Piura, Perú) ; Radio Marañón (Jaén, Perú) ; Radio La voz de la Selva (Iquitos, Perú) et Radio El Buen Pastor (Saraguro, Ecuador) ; Radio Ondas de Paltas (Catacocha, Ecuador). Dans le premier volume, Carlos Mora, directeur du programme Frontera Selva, affirme que les nouvelles représentent « un nuevo producto de la paz y la concentración, desarrollado en el marco de los Acuerdos de Paz firmados entre Perú y Ecuador en octubre de 1998 ». À un projet de guerre et de rupture de la communication, ils leur ont opposé un projet de recréation de la communication à travers la radio. Utiliser l'espace frontalier pour parler de sentiments, d'humanité accentue cette volonté de fraternité entre ces deux pays

Quand l’art rend la parole au peuple :« Rescate por la memoria » ou la voix et la mémoire du peuple péruvien

Le conflit que le Pérou connut entre 1980 et 2000 a laissé des traces dans les corps et dans les cœurs. Il est une présence latente dont les effets se font encore sentir aujourd’hui, une référence omniprésente à l’heure de proposer des mesures politiques et de faire un bilan social. Les discussions sur le devoir de mémoire ont surgi après la publication en 2003 du rapport final de la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation (CVR). Plusieurs projets artistiques ont ainsi vu le jour. L’Art, la culture ont alors ouvert des portes, offert de nouvelles possibilités puisque les projets de mémoire sont des actions de réparation et d’apprentissage collectifs. Révéler un pan de l’histoire passée sous silence, sauver la mémoire des invisibles, des populations marginalisées devient alors primordial. En 2005, le devoir de mémoire a ainsi vu naître un site de conscience, le mémorial « El Ojo que llora ». Des collectifs se mobilisent également pour faire entendre la voix du peuple. En 2004, par exemple, le collectif Yuyarisun realisa un concours intitulé « rescate por la memoria » dans la région d’Ayacucho afin d’offrir un espace d’expression aux personnes de tous âges et de tous sexes et leurs rendre leurs voix. Par le biais de différents moyens artistiques (contes, poésies, chants, bandes dessinées, etc.), ils ont révélé leurs perceptions du processus de vérité, justice, réparation et réconciliation, les expériences traumatisantes vécues par ces communautés durant cette époque de violence politique (1980-1992) que ni les Forces Armées ni Le Sentier Lumineux ne reconnaissaient comme des personnes de plein droit. Les travaux du muraliste Olfer Leonardo, et notamment la série « Huanta: murales por la memoria y la verdad histórica » en sont un autre exemple. Cet art de masse exposé dans l’espace public visibilise les voix marginalisées

Manuelita, entre mythe litteraire et recit historique * Manuelita, entre o mito literário e a narrativa histórica

Bien souvent absentes des grands débats sur l’indépendance, absentes des livres historiques et éducatifs, les femmes latino-américaines ont néanmoins joué un rôle dans les luttes pour l’émancipation de leurs pays. Les commémorations du bicentenaire de l’indépendance semblent revendiquer cette nouvelle image féminine.Parmi les différentes images qui construisent l’idée de l’indépendance, celle de la "libératrice du libérateur" est prédominante. Bien souvent son engagement politique a été passé sous silence et il faut attendre la première moitié du XXe siècle pour voir apparaître dans les récits l’importance de son rôle dans l’indépendance. Comment la littérature du XXe siècle aborde la complexité de ce personnage? Manuela Sáenz apparaît-elle mythifiée ou diabolisée? Comment les propres discours politiques utilisent l’image sublimée de Manuela Sáenz pour servir leur propos

CloudMPL:a domain specific language for describing management policies for an autonomic cloud infrastructure

To benefit from the advantages that Cloud Computing brings to the IT industry, management policies must be implemented as a part of the operation of the Cloud. Among others, for example, the specification of policies can be used for the management of energy to reduce the cost of running the IT system or also for security policies while handling privacy issues of users. As cloud platforms are large, manual enforcement of policies is not scalable. Hence, autonomic approaches for management policies have recently received a considerable attention. These approaches allow specification of rules that are executed via rule-engines. The process of rules creation starts by the interpretation of the policies drafted by high-rank managers. Then, technical IT staff translate such policies to operational activities to implement them. Such process can start from a textual declarative description and after numerous steps terminates in a set of rules to be executed on a rule engine. To simplify the steps and to bridge the considerable gap between the declarative policies and executable rules, we propose a domain-specific language called CloudMPL. We also design a method of automated transformation of the rules captured in CloudMPL to the popular rule-engine Drools. As the policies are changed over time, code generation will reduce the time required for the implementation of the policies. In addition, using a declarative language for writing the specifications is expected to make the authoring of rules easier. We demonstrate the use of the CloudMPL language into a running example extracted from a management energy consumption case study

Levantamento do perfil do aluno no ensino a distância: processo e aplicações

The purpose of this paper is to present the procedures used by distance education tutors at the University Salgado de Oliveira — UNIVERSO, when they raise the social-cultural and educational profile of their students. Such profile is used to adjust the instructional material and the content of the course. Therefore, the whole course flts the student context and his/her intellectual level and interests. This procedure produce many beneflts. First, it identifles previously acquired knowledge by the students. This allows designing distance learning courses for teaching unknown issues for them. Obviously, this provides a real enlargement of knowledge. Second, description of the student context and their recurrent professional problems has shown to be a helpful aid to make tutorial processes more effective. The article describes the process of surveying the student profile and suggests several ways to take advantage of the data collected.O propósito do artigo é apresentar a sistemática de levantamento do perfilsócio-cultural e educacional do aluno adotada, desde a década de 80, por professores que trabalham como tutores nos cursos de pósgraduaçao lato sensu (especializaçao) a distáncia, no modalidade semi-presencial, da Universidade Salgado de Oliveira - UNIVERSO. Além de possibilitar a oferta de um tratamento diferenciado, ao identificar os conhecimentos já dominados pelo aluno, o perfil académico permite que o ensino comece a partir desse ponto em direçao a uma real ampliaçao de conhecimentos. Informaçoes fornecidas pelos alunos sobre o contexto e os problemas que ocorran no ámbito profissionai, também contribuem para tornar mais efetiva a açáo da tutoria. O artigo descreve o modo como é feito o levantamento do perfil, os seus objetivos, e sugere diversas formas de aplicaçáo dos dados e informaçóes obtidas

Dynamic decision-making based on NFR for managing software variability and configuration selection

Due to dynamic variability, identifying the specific conditions under which non-functional requirements (NFRs) are satisfied may be only possible at runtime. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dynamic treatment of relevant information during the requirements specifications. The associated data can be gathered by monitoring the execution of the application and its underlying environment to support reasoning about how the current application configuration is fulfilling the established requirements. This paper presents a dynamic decision-making infrastructure to support both NFRs representation and monitoring, and to reason about the degree of satisfaction of NFRs during runtime. The infrastructure is composed of: (i) an extended feature model aligned with a domain-specific language for representing NFRs to be monitored at runtime; (ii) a monitoring infrastructure to continuously assess NFRs at runtime; and (iii) a exible decision-making process to select the best available configuration based on the satisfaction degree of the NRFs. The evaluation of the approach has shown that it is able to choose application configurations that well fit user NFRs based on runtime information. The evaluation also revealed that the proposed infrastructure provided consistent indicators regarding the best application configurations that fit user NFRs. Finally, a benefit of our approach is that it allows us to quantify the level of satisfaction with respect to NFRs specification

UV-induced formation of the thymine-thymine pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproduct - a DFT study of the oxetane intermediate ring opening

International audienceThe mechanism by which the hypothetical oxetane/azetidine intermediate formed during the photochemical process leading to pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts when DNA is submitted to UV radiation opens is investigated computationally by DFT using a 5′-TT-3′ dinucleoside monophosphate as a structural model. First, the feasibility of an intramolecular mechanism involving one proton transfer inducing opening of the oxetane ring is examined. It results in a very high Gibbs energy of activation (+166 kJ mol−1) and quite a low Gibbs energy of reaction (−35 kJ mol−1). The protonation state of the phosphate group is shown to have little effect while the bulk effect of an aqueous environment modeled by the Polarizable Continuum Model method lowers slightly the activation barrier (by about 10-20 kJ mol−1), not enough to explain the fact that the oxetane intermediate is not observed experimentally. Then the catalytic effect of water molecules on the reaction pathway is studied by including either 1 or 2 assisting water molecules in the chemical system. The resulting activation barrier is considerably lowered and in the most favorable situation - a phosphate group deprotonated and 2 assisting water molecules - the Gibbs energy activation is as low as +44 kJ mol−1 and the Gibbs energy of reaction is quite favorable: −79 kJ mol−1, suggesting that in biological systems the oxetane ring opening process proceeds with explicit intervention of water molecules from the environment

Energy efficiency in industrial environments: an updated review and a new research agenda

Nowadays, discussions about the use of energy efficiency in industries have intensified due to the need to optimize the resources used, especially the high cost in the production process. In this context, a literature review and a research agenda on energy efficiency in industrial environments can assist in the search for solutions and challenges to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing, as well as identify future trends for the topic. Therefore, this article proposes to update the energy efficiency research agenda in industrial environments, through a systematic review of the literature, between the years 2015 and 2020, in search of articles published in journals with current practices and the new strategies used in energy management. For the review of the research agenda, one hundred and eighty-five articles were selected, which were read and used in the bibliometric analysis, which was compared to the results obtained and observed in the base article for this update, thus helping in directing the creation of an agenda for studies and practices in energy efficiency in manufacturing environments

Nucleoporin 153 Arrests the Nuclear Import of Hepatitis B Virus Capsids in the Nuclear Basket

Virtually all DNA viruses including hepatitis B viruses (HBV) replicate their genome inside the nucleus. In non-dividing cells, the genome has to pass through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) by the aid of nuclear transport receptors as e.g. importin β (karyopherin). Most viruses release their genome in the cytoplasm or at the cytosolic face of the NPC, as the diameter of their capsids exceeds the size of the NPC. The DNA genome of HBV is derived from reverse transcription of an RNA pregenome. Genome maturation occurs in cytosolic capsids and progeny capsids can deliver the genome into the nucleus causing nuclear genome amplification. The karyophilic capsids are small enough to pass the NPC, but nuclear entry of capsids with an immature genome is halted in the nuclear basket on the nuclear side of the NPC, and the genome remains encapsidated. In contrast, capsids with a mature genome enter the basket and consequently liberate the genome. Investigating the difference between immature and mature capsids, we found that mature capsids had to disintegrate in order to leave the nuclear basket. The arrest of a karyophilic cargo at the nuclear pore is a rare phenomenon, which has been described for only very few cellular proteins participating in nuclear entry. We analyzed the interactions causing HBV capsid retention. By pull-down assays and partial siRNA depletion, we showed that HBV capsids directly interact with nucleoporin 153 (Nup153), an essential protein of the nuclear basket which participates in nuclear transport via importin β. The binding sites of importin β and capsids were shown to overlap but capsid binding was 150-fold stronger. In cellulo experiments using digitonin-permeabilized cells confirmed the interference between capsid binding and nuclear import by importin β. Collectively, our findings describe a unique nuclear import strategy not only for viruses but for all karyophilic cargos