К проблеме социальной эффективности инноваций в профессиональном образовании

Movile Cave, Romania, is an unusual underground ecosystem that has been sealed off from the outside world for several million years and is sustained by non-phototrophic carbon fixation. Methane and sulfur-oxidising bacteria are the main primary producers, supporting a complex food web that includes bacteria, fungi and cave-adapted invertebrates. A range of methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave grow on one-carbon compounds including methylated amines, which are produced via decomposition of organic-rich microbial mats. The role of methylated amines as a carbon and nitrogen source for bacteria in Movile Cave was investigated using a combination of cultivation studies and DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) using 13C-monomethylamine (MMA). Two newly developed primer sets targeting the gene for gamma-glutamylmethylamide synthetase (gmaS), the first enzyme of the recently-discovered indirect MMA-oxidation pathway, were applied in functional gene probing. SIP experiments revealed that the obligate methylotroph Methylotenera mobilis is one of the dominant MMA utilisers in the cave. DNA-SIP experiments also showed that a new facultative methylotroph isolated in this study, Catellibacterium sp. LW-1 is probably one of the most active MMA utilisers in Movile Cave. Methylated amines were also used as a nitrogen source by a wide range of non-methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave. PCR-based screening of bacterial isolates suggested that the indirect MMA-oxidation pathway involving GMA and N-methylglutamate is widespread among both methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic MMA utilisers from the cave

Clostridium isatidis colonised carbon electrodes: voltammetric evidence for direct solid state redox processes

Bacteria are known to interact with their environment via oxidation and reduction processes driving or driven by their metabolism. These bacteriological processes are important in areas of corrosion, mining and waste treatment. However, molecular level details on how electrons are transferred between the cell and a solid reactant are not well known. In this study in situ electrochemical interrogation of redox processes in living bacteria probed with a graphite electrode yields unique mechanistic information on the reduction of solid indigo by the moderately thermophilic bacterium Clostridium isatidis. This reduction process yields the reduced form, leuco-indigo, which is an important intermediate in the dyeing industry. The process is shown to be a 'true' solid state process rather than involving solubilisation of indigo. This finding has important implications for the application of bacterial-driven reduction in indigo dyeing