Effects of electrohydraulic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on submandibular gland in the rat: electron microscopic evaluation

WOS: 000175760800007PubMed: 11997158Objectives: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been applied in sialolithiasis as a new treatment modality. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the local effects of electrohydraulic ESWL applied to the right submandibular gland of the rats. Methods: This prospective study was conveyed in four groups groups I, II, III and IV: each group consisting of 20, 20, 18 and 9 rats, respectively, with a randomized distribution, Groups I, II, III and IV received 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 shock waves at 14-16 kV (average 15.1 kV), respectively, to the right submandibular glands on the 0th day. In groups I, II, III, right submandibular glands of the rats were removed on the 0th 1st, 7th and 15th days, in group IV, this procedure could be managed only on the 0th and 7th days. Light and electron microscopic evaluation were assessed, Using the light microscopic changes, severity of damage score of the glands (SDS) was found. Statistical analysis was done using SDSs. Results: Light and electron microscopic observations have shown that the damage produced by the shock waves were confined to focal areas in the acinar cells (AC), granulated convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and blood vessels at all doses applied. Vacuolization in the cytoplasms of the AC and GCT cells, disintegration of membranes, alteration in the cytoplasmic organization, swelling of the mitochondria and loss of the features were observed on electron microscopy. Increase in the secretion rate; stasis and dilatation in the blood vessels: blebbing and loss of features in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells were observed, According to the result of the statistical analysis using SDSs, at 250 shock wave dose, a statistically significant difference between the SDSs of the days (0th, 1st, 7th and 15th) was found (P < 0.05), The SDS on the 0th day was found to have the lowest value among the other days. And also a statistically significant difference was found on the 0th day between the SDSs at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 shock waves (P < 0.05). The SDS at 250 and 500 shock waves was found to have the lower value than the SDS at the 2000 shock wave. It was observed that produced damage was less prominent by small doses (250, 500 doses) initially (0th day). Electrohydraulic ESWL caused a "patchy type" generalized pathology on submandibular glands of the rats and damaged focal areas were widespread all through the gland from the 1st day on. Conclusion: Formation of the damage was concluded to be related to the direct effect of the shock waves rather than the dose used. Electrohydraulic lithotripters are not suitable for sialolithiasis because of the focus problems, local tissue damage and the risk of the damage to the adjacent structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of Periprosthetic Membrane From Loose Cemented And Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

Objective: Evaluate the cellular mechanisms responsible for the aseptic loosening of total hip replacements. Methods: Twenty periprosthetic membranes were collected during revision procedures at the Department of Orthopedics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, during 1998 to 1999. Arthroplasties with polyethylene components and without polyethylene components were examined under light microscopy and immunohistochemically using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique into 2 different groups. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies reactive to certain cell surface antigens (CD45, CD44, CD98, CD31, CD26, CD71) revealed different morphological characteristics regarding the adjacent fibrosis, leukocyte activation, and immunologic response. Conclusion: These findings suggested the role of different cellular mechanisms in each group

EGF containing gelatin-based wound dressings

In case of bulk loss of tissue or non-healing wounds such as burns, trauma, diabetic, decubitus and venous stasis ulcers, a proper wound dressing is needed to cover the wound area, protect the damaged tissue, and if possible to activate the cell proliferation and stimulate the healing process. In this study, synthesis of a novel polymeric bilayer wound dressing containing epidermal growth-factor (EGF)-loaded microspheres was aimed. For this purpose, a natural, nontoxic and biocompatible material, gelatin, was chosen as the underlying layer and various porous matrices in sponge form were prepared from gelatin by freeze-drying technique. As the external layer, elastomeric polyurethane membranes were used. Two different doses of EGF was added into the prepared gelatin sponges (1 and 15 mug/cm(2)) to activate cell proliferation. EGF addition was carried out either in free form or within microspheres to achieve prolonged release of EGF for higher efficiency. The prepared systems were tested in in vivo experiments on full-thickness skin defects created on rabbits. At certain intervals, wound areas were measured and tissues from wound areas were biopsied and processed for histological examinations. The wound areas decreased upon low-dose EGF application but the difference between the affects of free EGF and microsphere loaded EGF was not so distinct. Upon increasing the dose of EGF by a factor of 15, it was observed that controlled release of EGF from microspheres provided a higher degree of reduction in the wound areas. Histological investigations showed that the prepared dressings were biocompatible and did not cause any mononuclear cell infiltration or foreign body reaction. The structure of the newly formed dermis was almost the same as that of the normal skin

Giant Axonal Neuropathy: Clinical And Genetic Study In Six Cases

Background: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a severe recessive disorder characterised by variable combination of progressive sensory motor neuropathy, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and "frizzly'' hair. The disease is caused by GAN gene mutations on chromosome 16q24.1. Aims: To search for GAN gene mutations in Turkish patients with GAN and characterise the phenotype associated with them. Methods: Linkage and mutation analyses were performed in six affected patients from three consanguineous families. These patients were also investigated by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography ( EEG). Electromyography (EMG) was performed in heterozygous carriers from family 1 and family 3. Results: Linkage to 16q24.1 was confirmed by haplotype analysis. GAN mutations were identified in all families. Family 1 had the R293X mutation, previously reported in another Turkish family. Families 2 and 3, originating from close geographical areas, shared a novel mutation, 1502+ 1G>T, at the donor splice site of exon 9. All patients displayed a common phenotype, including peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and frizzly hair. Cranial MRI showed diffuse white matter abnormalities in two patients from family 1 and the patient from family 3, and minimal white matter involvement in the patient from family 2. EMG of a heterozygous R293X mutation carrier showed signs of mild axonal neuropathy, whereas a 1502+ 1G>T mutation carrier had normal EMG. EEG abnormalities were found in three patients. Conclusion: These findings highlight the association of CNS involvement, in particular white matter abnormalities, with peripheral neuropathy in GAN. The phenotypical consequences of both mutations ( when homozygous) were similar.WoSScopu