A atitude do utilizador das Bibliotecas do Ensino Superior Politécnico

Comunicação oral apresentada ao 7.º Congresso Nacional de Bibliotecários,Arquivistas e Documentalistas, no âmbito de um painel, coordenado pela Comissão Permanente do Grupo de Trabalho das Bibliotecas do Ensino Superior da BAD.Apresentam-se os resultados de um inquérito efectuado aos bibliotecários dos estabelecimentos de ensino superior politécnico portugueses com o intuito de perceber a sua perspectiva acerca dos utilizadores das bibliotecas. A amostra foi constituída pelos bibliotecários de todos os estabelecimentos de ensino superior politécnico existentes em 2001, em Portugal, tendo a taxa de resposta atingido os 65% do total. Obtiveram-se resultados acerca da utilização dos serviços e recursos disponibilizados pelas bibliotecas, tendo os bibliotecários identificado a necessidade de formação dos utilizadores como o maior obstáculo à utilização plena dos mesmos

Escapes of non-native fish from flooded aquaculture facilities: the case of Paranapanema River, southern Brazil

Non-native species are a major driver of biodiversity loss. Aquaculture activities play a key role in introductions, including the escape of fishes from fish farm facilities. Here, the impact of flooding due to El Niño rains in 2015/2016 in the Lower and Middle Paranapanema River basin, southern Brazil, was investigated by evaluating fish escapes from 12 fish farms. The flooding resulted in the escape of approximately 1.14 million fishes into the river, encompassing 21 species and three hybrids. Non-native species were the most abundant escapees, especially Oreochormis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (96% of all fish). Only seven native fishes were in the escapee fauna, comprising 1% of all fish. Large floods, coupled with inadequate biosecurity, thus resulted in considerable inputs of non-native fish into this already invaded system

Optical Tweezers 3d Photonic Force Spectroscopy

Since optical tweezers trapped microspheres can be used as an ultrasensitive force measurements technique, the knowledge of its theoretical description is of utmost importance. However, even the description of the incident electromagnetic fields under very tight focusing, typical of the optical trap, is not yet a closed problem. Therefore it is important to experimentally obtain whole accurate curves of the force as a function of wavelength, polarization and incident beam 3D position with respect to the center of the microsphere. Theoretical models for optical forces such as the Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, can then be applied to the precisely evaluated experimental results. Using a dual trap in an upright standard optical microscope, one to keep the particle at the equilibrium position and the other to disturb it we have been able to obtain these force curves as a function of x, y and z position, incident beam polarization and also wavelength. Further investigation of optical forces was conducted for wavelengths in and out Mie resonances of the dielectric microspherical cavities for both TM and TE modes.6131Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., Observation of a single-beam gradient force trap for dielectric particles (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, pp. 288-290Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Grier, D.G., A revolution in optical manipulation (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 810-816Neuman, K.C., Block, S., Optical trapping (2004) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75, pp. 2787-2809Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. I. Localized model description of an on-axis tightly focused laser beam with spherical aberration (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2532-2544Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. II. On-axis trapping force (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2545-2554Mazolli, A., Neto, P.A.M., Nussenzveig, H.M., Theory of trapping forces in optical tweezers (2003) Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 459, pp. 3021-3041Fontes, A., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.L., De Thomaz, A.A., Barbosa, L.C., De Paula, A.M., Cesar, C.L., Double optical tweezers for ultrasensitive force spectroscopy in microsphere Mie scattering (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87. , Art. No. 221109Ren, K.F., Gouesbet, G., Gréhan, G., Integral localized approximation in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 4218-4225Lock, J.A., Excitation efficiency of a morphology-dependent resonance by a focused Gaussian beam (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, pp. 2986-2994Davis, L.W., Theory of electromagnetic beams (1979) Phys. Rev. A, 19, pp. 1177-1779Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Radiation pressure forces exerted on a particle arbitrarily located in a gaussian beam by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and associated resonance effects (1994) Opt. Commun., 108, pp. 343-354Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Symmetry relations in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 1812-181

Association Between Ventilation Index And Time On Mechanical Ventilation In Infants With Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Objective: To evaluate the association between time on mechanical ventilation and anthropometric, clinical and pulmonary function variables, measured early, in infants on invasive mechanical ventilation with acute respiratory failure due to viral bronchiolitis, and the temporal progression of variables with significant correlations. Methods: Twenty-nine infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of UNICAMP university hospital were studied. Acute viral bronchiolitis was defined according to clinical and radiological criteria. Children with chronic diseases and those that were hemodynamically unstable were excluded. All measurements were taken after 24 to 72 hours' mechanical ventilation, using volumetric capnography and blood gas analysis. Mechanical ventilation time was divided into: ≤ 7 days and > 7 days. Association between time on mechanical ventilation and the variables analyzed was determined by Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (r s). Results: Time on mechanical ventilation showed a significant positive correlation with PaCO 2 (r s = 0.45, p = 0.01) and ventilation index (r s = 0.51, p = 0.005), and a negative correlation with pH (r s = -0.40, p = 0.03). Ventilation indices of 37, measured between day one and day five, was associated with a progressively increased risk of more than 7 days on mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.2 on the first day to 15.71 on the fourth day). Conclusions: Ventilation index, PaCO 2 and pH, measured early, were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, reflecting the severity of ventilatory disturbance and the need for support. Copyright © 2005 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.816466470Shay, D.K., Holman, R.C., Newman, R.D., Liu, L.L., Stout, J.W., Anderson, L.J., Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996 (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1440-1446Torres, A., Gatell, J.M., Aznar, E., El-Ebiary, M., Puig De La Bellacasa, J., Gonzalez, J., Re-intubation increases the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 137-141Esteban, A., Alia, I., Gordo, F., Fernandez, R., Solsona, J.F., Vallverdu, I., Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156, pp. 459-465. , The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative GroupBont, L., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C.J., Van Vught, A.J., Kimpen, J.L., Monocyte interleukin-12 production is inversely related to duration of respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (2000) J Infect Dis, 181, pp. 1772-1775Tasker, R.C., Gordon, I., Kiff, K., Time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 938-941Arnold, J.H., Thompson, J.E., Arnold, L.W., Single breath CO 2 analysis: Description and validation of a method (1996) Crit Care Med, 24, pp. 96-102Riou, Y., Leclerc, F., Neve, V., Dupuy, L., Noizet, O., Leteurtre, S., Reproducibility of the respiratory dead space measurements in mechanically ventilated children using the CO 2SMO monitor (2004) Intensive Care Med, 30, pp. 1461-1467Hubble, C.L., Gentile, M.A., Tripp, D.S., Craig, D.M., Meliones, J.N., Cheifetz, I.M., Deadspace to tidal volume ratio predicts successful extubation in infants and children (2000) Crit Care Med, 28, pp. 2034-2040Main, E., Stocks, J., The influence of physiotherapy and suction on respiratory deadspace in ventilated children (2004) Intensive Care Med, 30, pp. 1152-1159Law, B.J., Carbonell-Estrany, X., Simoes, E.A., An update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: A developed country perspective (2002) Respir Med, 96 (SUPPL. B), pp. S1-7Davison, C., Ventre, K.M., Luchetti, M., Randolph, A.G., Efficacy of interventions for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2004) Pediatr Crit Care Med, 5, pp. 482-489Frankel, L.R., Lewiston, N.J., Smith, D.W., Stevenson, D.K., Clinical observations on mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in bronchiolitis (1986) Pediatr Pulmonol, 2, pp. 307-311Wang, E.E., Law, B.J., Boucher, F.D., Stephens, D., Robinson, J.L., Dobson, S., Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study of admission and management variation in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection (1996) J Pediatr, 129, pp. 390-395Paret, G., Ziv, T., Barzilai, A., Bem-Abraham, R., Vardi, A., Manisterski, Y., Ventilation index and outcome in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (1998) Pediatr Pulmonol, 26, pp. 125-12

Behaviour of the antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone on the storage stability and corrosive character of biodiesel

AbstractThe behaviour of the antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on the storage stability of biodiesel was investigated. Storage conditions were simulated through static immersion corrosion tests in biodiesel (with and without TBHQ) using copper coupons. Measurements of oxidation stability (Rancimat induction period) and metal release at different stages of corrosion were performed. After 24h of the static immersion test, the neat and TBHQ-doped biodiesels presented induction times below the EN 14214 limit (6h). Copper release was more intense in the neat biodiesel which evidenced that TBHQ retarded the corrosion process as a corrosion inhibitor. Ion trap–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IT–TOF-MS) revealed the presence of considerable amounts of tert-butylquinone (TBQ) in the TBHQ-doped biodiesel exposed to the corrosion process. As TBHQ molecules adsorb at the copper surface to inhibit corrosion, these molecules are catalytically oxidised to TBQ. IT–TOF-MS also indicated the formation of new molecules of high molecular weight only presented in the TBHQ-doped biodiesel deteriorated by the corrosion process. MS2 spectra gave clear evidence of the formation of new complexes between free radicals of long-chain molecules (fatty acid derivatives) and TBQ radicals during biodiesel deterioration

Influência do cloreto de cálcio no crescimento de explantes de Gypsophila paniculata L. (Caryophyllaceae), cultivados in vitro

Shoot tips from plants still in the vegetative growth phase were used as explants. They were sterilised with tetraciclin 1% for four minutes, sodium hypochloridre (commercial sanitary water with 5% of active cloride) 20% (v/v) for 15 minutes and alcohol 70 GL for 2 minutes. The explants were inoculated in a growth medium MS (Murashigue & Skoog), with different concentrations of CaCl2: a) 440; b) 880; c) 1,760; d) 2,640 and e) 3,520 mg/1. Explants were kept in a growth chamber at constant temperature (25°C ± 2°C) with a photo period of 16 hours. The explants in the medium modified with 1,760 mg/1 of CaCl2, presented the best results, with a vigorous growth and presence of intense green color on the leaves. The explants inoculated with 440 mg/1 de CaCl2 did not have a satisfactory growth after 10 days of incubation, presenting estiolation and low intensify of green color in the leaves. The explants inoculated with 3,520 mg/1 of CaCl2, also did not present satisfactory growth after 60 days of inoculation, probably due to an excess of calcium in the medium or chloride toxicity.Este trabalho teve por finalidade verificar a influência do Cloreto de Cálcio (CaCl12) no crescimento de explantes de Gypsophila paniculata L., cultivados em meio de cultura a fim de fornecer subsídios para a micropropagação desta cultura. Foram utilizados como explantes somente as gemas apicais das plantas em fase de crescimento vegetativo. Os explantes foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS (Murashigue & Skoog) modificado com diferentes concentrações de CaCl2: a) 440; b) 880; c) 1.760; d) 2.640 e e) 3.520 mg/1. Os explantes foram deixados em câmara de crescimento sob uma temperatura constante de 25°C ± 2°C sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Os explantes do meio de cultura MS com 1.760 mg/1 de CaCl2 foram os de melhor resultado, com crescimento vigoroso e presença de coloração verde intensa nas folhas. Os explantes do meio de cultura MS com 440 mg/1 de CaCl2 não apresentaram um crescimento satisfatório, com estiolamento e coloração verde pouco intensa nas folhas; os explantes do meio de cultura MS com 3.520 mg/1 de CaCl2, também não apresentaram um crescimento satisfatório, pois com 10 dias de inoculação já se percebia uma menor indução no crescimento, podendo tal efeito ser conseqüência de dois fatores: excesso de cálcio no meio de cultura ou a toxidez ocasionada pelo cloro

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE QUATRO GRUPOS GENÉTICOS DE CODORNAS (Coturnix sp.) PARA CORTE

A trial was conducted with the objective to evaluate growth performance, carcass yield, and slaughtering age of four genetic groups of meat quail, of both sexes, raised from 1 to 77 days and slaughtered weekly from 35 to 77 days. The experiment utilized 1984 birds, in a completely randomised design, with a factorial of 2 genders and 4 families (A, B, C and D), in a total of 8 treatments with 4 replicates of 62 birds each. Body weight of female quail at 28 days was higher than other ages independently of family. Family A was heavier than family B at 35, 56 and 77 days. At 42 days of age female showed higher feed consumption and low feed conversion than male. Considering the results as a whole, the best slaughtering age for both genders was 49 days. Key-words: genetic group, growing performance, meat quail, production, slaughtering age.Para avaliar o desempenho produtivo, o rendimento de carcaça e a melhor idade de abate de quatro grupos genéticos de codornas machos e fêmeas para corte, criadas de 1 a 77 dias e abatidas semanalmente de 35 a 77 dias, utilizaram-se 1984 aves, distribuídas aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com esquema fatorial de 2 sexos x 4 famílias (A, B, C e D), num total de 8 tratamentos com 4 repetições de 62 aves cada. A partir dos 28 dias as fêmeas foram mais pesadas do que os machos, independentemente da família. A família A foi mais pesada do que a B aos 35, 56 e 77 dias. A partir dos 42 dias, as fêmeas tiveram maior consumo, mas melhor conversão alimentar do que os machos. Considerando-se conjuntamente os dados de desempenho, a melhor idade de abate para ambos os sexos foi 49 dias

Effects of mandrax and cannabis on the cellular function of chick embryonic neurons

Cannabis and Mandrax abuse is unique to South Africa; and most research has focused on the socio-economic impact rather than the adverse effects on the developing brain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of Mandrax and Cannabis alone and in combination on the developing brain by using primary and suspension cultures of the chick embryo brain. Exposure of primary chick embryo neuronal (CEN) cultures to the carrier ethanol, Mandrax and Cannabis, for 24 h resulted in a significant dose dependent decrease in cell number for Mandrax alone. Increasing concentrations of Cannabis in combination with Mandrax inhibited the toxic effect of Mandrax. In CEN suspensions, Mandrax alone induced a significant time–concentration dependent decrease in esterase activity following 1 and 4 h exposure. In combination with Cannabis, a significant increase in esterase activity was observed after 4 h exposure. In conclusion Mandrax is toxic to CEN cells in vitro while Cannabis seemed to have a protective effect; however, this study does not investigate the abuse of these drugs in the form commonly abused, namely inhaled smoke

Solar Intranetwork Magnetic Elements: bipolar flux appearance

The current study aims to quantify characteristic features of bipolar flux appearance of solar intranetwork (IN) magnetic elements. To attack such a problem, we use the Narrow-band Filter Imager (NFI) magnetograms from the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board \emph{Hinode}; these data are from quiet and an enhanced network areas. Cluster emergence of mixed polarities and IN ephemeral regions (ERs) are the most conspicuous forms of bipolar flux appearance within the network. Each of the clusters is characterized by a few well-developed ERs that are partially or fully co-aligned in magnetic axis orientation. On average, the sampled IN ERs have total maximum unsigned flux of several 10^{17} Mx, separation of 3-4 arcsec, and a lifetime of 10-15 minutes. The smallest IN ERs have a maximum unsigned flux of several 10^{16} Mx, separations less than 1 arcsec, and lifetimes as short as 5 minutes. Most IN ERs exhibit a rotation of their magnetic axis of more than 10 degrees during flux emergence. Peculiar flux appearance, e.g., bipole shrinkage followed by growth or the reverse, is not unusual. A few examples show repeated shrinkage-growth or growth-shrinkage, like magnetic floats in the dynamic photosphere. The observed bipolar behavior seems to carry rich information on magneto-convection in the sub-photospheric layer.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figure

Photon-Photon and Pomeron-Pomeron Processes in Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions

We estimate the cross sections for the production of resonances, pion pairs and a central cluster of hadrons in peripheral heavy-ion collisions through two-photon and double-pomeron exchange, at energies that will be available at RHIC and LHC. The effect of the impact parameter in the diffractive reactions is introduced, and imposing the condition for realistic peripheral collisions we verify that in the case of very heavy ions the pomeron-pomeron contribution is indeed smaller than the electromagnetic one. However, they give a non-negligible background in the collision of light ions. This diffractive background will be more important at RHIC than at LHC.Comment: 22 pages, 1 Postscript figures, 4 tables, to appear in Phys. Rev.