Driver drowsiness detection by employing CNN and DLIB

Every year thousands of people lose their life due to road accidents. One of the main reasons for these accidents is driver drowsiness. In driver drowsiness, the driver slept while driving, which causes the road accident, especially on the long routes. Driver fatigue and micro sleep while driving caused the fatal accident and death of human beings. To overcome this problem, we are implementing a technique in which we capture the image of the driver. After capturing the image of the driver, we process driver images to detect driver drowsiness. For the processing of the driver image, we are using two different techniques with each other. In the first technique, we are using the Dlib for image drowsiness detection by detecting that driver’s eyes are closed and the driver is yawning. In the second technique, we used CNN for the detection of yawning and the eyes of the driver are closed or not and predict driver drowsiness. After implementing the two techniques we combine the output of both techniques. After combining both techniques we test the system, and it gives us very good results

Phytoremediation of Contaminated Environments Using Halophytes: General Overview

Due to anthropogenic activities, potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) have disrupted our ecosystems. These dangerous substances can infiltrate the food chain, affecting the environment and human life. To preserve our natural resources for future generations, scientists must look for eco-friendly alternatives. About 300 million tons of PTEs from industrial and consumer items, including Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Sn, enter the receiving environments each year. Halophytes plants are found worldwide and grow in various places, including coastal zones, dunes, high-salinity environments, and inland deserts. They may also withstand PTEs stress due to evolved morphological and physiological characteristics such as reduced heavy metal intake through the root system. PTEs contamination causes agriculture yield losses, increases environmental concerns about human well-being, and causes a significant drop in marine and coastal ecosystem biodiversity. Halophytes are plants that can flourish in extreme conditions such as high salinity and PTEs toxicity. This work emphasizes the role of the halophyte plants in terms of PTEs phytoremediation as a long-term strategy for polluted environmental ecosystem restoration, which aligns with the current European Green Deal strategy for a neutral Europe climate by 2050

Effect of partial ferrule on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth: A meta-analysis of in-vitro studies.

The present meta-analysis aimed to answer the following research question: In endodontically treated teeth (ETT), what is the effect of partial ferrule (PF) on fracture resistance compared to complete ferrule (CF) and/or no ferrule (NF)? PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published until May 20, 2022. In vitro studies that compared the effect of partial ferrule with that of complete ferrule and/or no ferrule on fracture resistance of ETT were included. The studies were assessed for risk of bias, and a meta-analysis was performed. Seventeen in vitro studies comprising 807 teeth were included. Nine studies were at a high risk of bias and eight presented a moderate risk of bias. Overall, the results showed that CF was superior to PF in increasing fracture resistance (SMD= 0.93, CI= 0.57-1.29, P< 0.0001), with no change in the effect based on the type of teeth (P< 0.001). However, the subgroup analysis found that PF 2 mm buccal, lingual, and buccal and lingual ferrule were comparable to CF (P= 0.06). Additionally, the PF group showed significantly higher fracture resistance than the NF group (SMD= 2.02, CI= 1.54-2.49, P< 0.00001). Although CF design provided the highest fracture resistance to restored ETT, PF can still be a viable option for restoring ETT in cases where CF is not feasible