Inheritance of Resistance to a Third Pathotype of Pea Seed-Borne Mosaic Virus in Pisum sativum

Resistance to a newly recognized pathotype of pea seed-borne mosaic virus, PSbMV-P4, was found in PI 347492, an accession of Pisum sativum from India. In cross and backcross populations between PI 347492 and the susceptible cultivars Bonneville, Ranger, and PI 269816, resistance was determined to be monogenically recessive. The symbol sbm-4 is proposed for the gene conferring resistance to this pathotype of PSbM

Inheritance of Resistance to a Lentil Strain of Pea Seed-Borne Mosaic Virus in Pisum sativum

In Pisum sativum, two independently inherited single recessive genes were found to confer resistance to the same pathotype of pea seed-borne mosaic virus from lentil (PSbMV-L1). The gene sbm-2, present in the domestic cultivar Bonneville, was determined to be closely linked to mo, which conditions resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus 2 and is known to be located in Pisum linkage group 2. The second gene, sbm-3, was found in PI 347492, a bean yellow mosaic virus-susceptible line from India, and apparently is located in a different linkage group. Both genes, independently of each other, confer resistance to PSbMV-L1, but whether they are repetitive entities remains to be determine

El trabajo autónomo. Aspectos relevantes en la nueva normativa = Self-employment. Relevant aspects of the new regulations

Este trabajo analiza la figura del trabajador autónomo, en particular, la figura del autónomo económicamente dependiente, pone de relieve las peculiaridades más importantes del Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos y finalmente examina algunos aspectos relevantes que introduce la nueva la Ley 6/2017, de 24 de octubre, de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo. Asimismo, se presta especial atención a la regulación sobre la situación en la que se encuentra la contratación de los familiares por parte del trabajador autónom

Absorption of coal combustion flue gases in ionic liquids using different membrane contactors

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are typical gases produced during coal combustion and their emissions have to be controlled and minimized in order to reduce environmental risks. Organic solvents are commonly used as absorption liquids for the chemical absorption of CO2 and SO2, and their use in combination with a membrane device is being studied recently. The volatile character of common solvents produces solvent losses due to their evaporation into the gas stream. Thus, the use of solvents with lower vapor pressure such as ionic liquids as absorption liquids may contribute to the performance of a zero solvent emission process. In the present study, mass transfer of CO2 is studied in a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor when the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate is used as the absorption liquid. Mass transfer coefficients are compared with those obtained with a ceramic hollow fiber contactor for SO2 absorption. The overall mass transfer coefficient takes a value of K overall = (3.69 ±0.18) ×10-7 m s-1 and K overall = (3.38 ±0.09) ×10-6 m s- 1 in CO2 and SO2 systems, respectively. Main resistance to mass transfer has been found to be the membrane itself. In CO2 absorption a theoretical effective diffusivity was estimated as D eff = 4.94 ×10-7 m2 s-1 which differs from diffusivity obtained from experimental results (D eff = (1.717 ±0.18) ×10-11 m2 s-1).This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Project CTM2006-00317 and Project EUI2008-03857)

Effectiveness of a telephone intervention based on motivational health coaching for improving the mental health of caregivers of people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial

Objectives: Caring for a family member with dementia is considered one of the activities with the greatest negative impact on a person's mental health. Developing long-lasting and effective strategies is a challenge for caregivers. This study sought to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on a programme of motivational coaching delivered by telephone in a group of caregivers of patients with dementia compared to a control group. Methods: A randomised controlled trial with a control group and an intervention group. (CONSORT guidelines were used). Telephone calls were made during six weeks, involving a process of coaching and motivational interviews. The following variables were measured in caregivers: self-efficacy of caring, depression, perceived stress, frequency of problematic behaviours and dysfunctional thoughts. Assessments were conducted at three time points: baseline, post-intervention and three months? post-intervention. Results: In total, 106 caregivers participated (53 subjects in the control group and 53 in the intervention group). Statistically significant differences (ANCOVA) were found between both groups for the self-efficacy and stress variables, with improved results in the intervention group (p < .01). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found in the intervention group between the baseline and post-intervention assessments, with improvements in self-efficacy, decreased stress and decreased dysfunctional thoughts (p < .05). The results were maintained over time for both groups. Conclusions: An intervention based on telephone calls using a health coaching approach with motivational interviewing appears to be effective for the improvement of self-efficacy and mental health of caregivers of people with moderate dementia. Furthermore, these effects appear to be maintained over time

Nursing students´ satisfaction: a comparison between medium- and high-fidelity simulation training

Training based on clinical simulation is an effective method of teaching in nursing. Nevertheless, there is no clear evidence about if it is better to use high- or medium-fidelity simulation. The aim is to analyse if students are more satisfied when their clinical simulation practices are based on high-fidelity simulation (HFS) or medium-fidelity simulation (MFS). Students´ satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire with High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation. The sample is composed of 393 students from two Spanish Universities. Satisfaction with simulation in nursing students is significantly greater in MFS than HFS. Simulation is beneficial for learning in all its forms, but for the acquisition of basic skills, and at a lower cost, MFS proves to be effective. However, high-fidelity is not always better than medium-fidelity as this depends on the student?s level of knowledge and clinical experienc

Transcultural adaptation of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in the Spanish population

Aim To develop a transcultural adaptation of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale among Spanish caregivers of dependent older people and to test the psychometric properties of the scale. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale was transculturally adapted to the Spanish population following the methodology of direct and back translation. The Spanish version of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale was administered to a total of 182 family caregivers of older dependent people. The study began in January 2016 and ended in December of the same year. The construct validity was studied by means of the scree plot and parallel analysis. The exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, and the correlation between factors was studied. To verify the reliability of the process, Cronbach's alpha and homogeneity were calculated by the corrected total item correlation. The validity of the convergent criterion was studied by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient, using the Zarit Caregiver Load Interview and the Family Satisfaction Scale as the gold standard. Results The construct validity revealed three factors: ?Subjective Burden? (15 items), ?Satisfaction? (7 items) and ?Competence? (3 items). The Cronbach alpha was .86 for ?Subjective Burden?, .74 for ?Satisfaction? and .74 for ?Competence?. The corrected total item correlation was greater than .25. The validity of the convergent criterion of the ?Subjective Burden? and ?Competence? factors with the ?Zarit Caregiver's Load Interview? presented a very high statistically significant correlation, unlike ?Satisfaction? which presented a low positive correlation with the ?Family Satisfaction Scale?. Conclusion The Spanish version of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale is a valid and reliable scale according to the tests performed on a random sample of family caregivers of older dependent people in Spain. Impact This scale will enable the simultaneous assessment of negative (?Subjective Burden? and ?Competence?) and positive (?Satisfaction?) perceptions among family caregivers of older dependent people

Association among presence of cancer pain, inadequate pain control, and psychotropic drug use

Introduction Pain is a common symptom in cancer patients, and its control and management are complex. Despite the high concomitant use of psychotropic drugs among such patients, the association among pain, inadequate pain control, and psychotropic drug use has not been fully determined. This study examined the prevalence of cancer pain and inadequate pain control and the association with psychotropic drug use. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 402 medical records obtained by simple random sampling of oncology patients at a hospital in northern Spain from July 2012 to July 2014. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated together with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by unconditional logistic regression for each type of psychotropic drug (anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants). Results The mean patient age was 61.17 (standard deviation ± 13.14) years; 57.5% were women, 42.5% men. Pain was present in 18.4% of patients and inadequate pain control in 54.2%. We found a statistically significant association between the presence of cancer pain and anxiolytic use (adjusted OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.49±6.68) and hypnotic use (adjusted OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.77±15.25). Inadequate pain control was associated to a greater extent with the use of those drugs: adjusted OR for anxiolytic use, 4.74 (95% CI, 1.91±11.80); adjusted OR for hypnotic use, 6.09 (95% CI, 1.74±21.32). By contrast, no association was found between pain and antidepressant use (adjusted OR, 0.99). Conclusion The presence of pain and (to a greater extent) poor pain control were associated with increased use of certain psychotropic drugs, such as anxiolytics and hypnotics. There appeared to be no association between pain and antidepressant use