Korelasi Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita

Stunting is when a child grows slowly and is not as tall as the average child, caused by malnutrition for a long time (chronic nutritional problems). East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is the province with the highest stunting rate in Indonesia in 2021, with a prevalence of 37.8%. There are 8 out of 10 toddlers in the category of malnutrition status with a value of -3 to -2 (BB/TB). This study aimed to determine the correlation between the nutritional status of toddlers and the incidence of stunting at Posyandu Sabulmil, Lakmaras, South Lamaknen District, Belu Regency, NTT. The study used correlation with the cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 45 toddlers aged 2-4 years old, with 40 respondents as the sample chosen by the Simple Random Sampling technique with observation sheets and MCH books. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results proved that most (62.5%) respondents had poor nutritional status, and the majority (55.0%) were stunted (short). The Chi-Square test shows that there is a correlation between the nutritional status of toddlers and the incidence of stunting at Posyandu Sabulmil, Lakmaras, South Lamaknen District, Belu Regency, NTT with p-value = (0.000) (0.05). The impact of not fulfilling nutritional intake is the main factor in the occurrence of malnutrition, so toddlers are prone to stunting. Malnutrition in toddlers causes them to get sick quickly and grow up not maximumly or have short body postures. Future researchers must provide counseling about a balanced nutritional intake for toddlers and counsel about "What's on my plate?" to mothers

Microalgal Growth in Aquaculture Effluent: Coupling Biomass Valorisation with Nutrients Removal

Natural resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and the need to control their consumption and recycle their use is growing. Water is one of the essential resources for human survival. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in ways to save, recycle and treat water supplies. Aquaculture is one of the most polluting activities as it produces a significant wastewater volume, which needs proper treatment before being discharged into the environment or recycled. Microalgae are a potential solution for wastewater treatment. Due to their numerous advantages, the use of microalgal biomass is being studied, and, at present, there is already a market and room for profit in the sale of microalgal components in various forms, such as animal and human supplements. From a biorefinery point of view, it is important to take advantage of all the qualities and benefits that microalgae have by combining their great capacity to treat wastewater and exploit the produced biomass, analysing its composition for subsequent valorisation, for example. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was used to treat aquaculture wastewater from a trout farm aquaculture facility, and the treatment efficiency was evaluated. To valorise the resulting biomass, its composition was also assessed. C. vulgaris successfully grew in the effluent with growth rates of 0.260 +/- 0.014 d(-1) and with average productivity of 32.9 +/- 1.6 mg L-1 d(-1). The achieved removal efficiencies were 93.5 +/- 2.1% for total nitrogen, 98.0 +/- 0.1% for nitrate-nitrogen and 92.7 +/- 0.1% for phosphate-phosphorus. Concerning biomass composition, the lipids (15.82 +/- 0.15%), carbohydrates (48.64 +/- 0.83%), and pigment contents (0.99 +/- 0.04% for chlorophyll a + b and 0.21 +/- 0.04% for carotenoids) were similar to the values of similar studies. However, the protein content obtained (17.93 +/- 1.21%) was lower than the ones mentioned in the literature

A Semi-Supervised Approach for the Semantic Segmentation of Trajectories

A first fundamental step in the process of analyzing movement data is trajectory segmentation, i.e., splitting trajecto- ries into homogeneous segments based on some criteria. Although trajectory segmentation has been the object of several approaches in the last decade, a proposal based on a semi-supervised approach remains inexistent. A semi-supervised approach means that a user labels manually a small set of trajectories with meaningful segments and, from this set, the method infers in an unsupervised way the segments of the remaining trajecto- ries. The main advantage of this method compared to pure supervised ones is that it reduces the human effort to label the number of trajectories. In this work, we propose the use of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle to measure homogeneity inside segments. We also introduce the Reactive Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for semantic Semi- supervised Trajectory Segmentation (RGRASP-SemTS) algorithm that segments trajectories by combining a limited user labeling phase with a low number of input parameters and no predefined segmenting criteria. The approach and the algorithm are pre- sented in detail throughout the paper, and the experiments are carried out on two real-world datasets. The evaluation tests prove how our approach outperforms state-of-the-art competitors when compared to ground truth. This is a preprint version of the full article published by IEEE at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/841127

Contractile effects of Ghrelin and expression of its receptor GHS-R1a in normal and hypertrophic myocardium

INTRODUCTION:Ghrelin, isolated in 1999, is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). Recent studies suggest that it may influence the function of normal and failing hearts. Nonetheless, it has been difficult to differentiate its effects on the intrinsic properties of the myocardium from the secondary effects resulting from growth hormone release and vasomotor action. This study investigated the contractile effects of ghrelin and expression of its receptor GHS-R1a in normal and hypertrophic myocardium.METHODS:Adult Wistar rats randomly received monocrotaline (MCT; n=9; 60 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (n=7; 1 ml/kg). Three weeks later, after right ventricular (RV) hemodynamic evaluation, the effects of 10(-6) M of a pentapeptide active fragment of ghrelin (fG) were tested on contractile parameters of RV papillary muscles (Normal, n=7; MCT, n=9). GHS-R1a mRNA expression was estimated in RV transmural free-wall samples (Normal, n=7; MCT, n=9), using real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS:In the Normal group, fG reduced active tension (AT), maximum velocity of tension rise (dT/dt(max)) and maximum velocity of tension decline (dT/dt(min)), by 27.9 +/- 4.0%, 28.5 +/- 6.7% and 21.4 +/- 4.2% respectively. In the MCT group, fG reduced AT, dT/dt(max) and dT/dt(min) by 24.1 +/- 6.3%, 24.3 +/- 6.5% and 24.5 +/- 6.1% respectively. GHS-R1a mRNA expression was similar in the two groups (Normal: 2.3*10(5) +/- 5.4*10(4); MCT: 3.0*10(5) +/- 1.1*10(5): p > 0.05).CONCLUSION:This study shows that ghrelin has negative inotropic and lusitropic effects. These effects and expression of its receptor are preserved in RV hypertrophy, suggesting that ghrelin may be a new target in progression to heart failure

Detection of curved lines with B-COSFIRE filters: A case study on crack delineation

The detection of curvilinear structures is an important step for various computer vision applications, ranging from medical image analysis for segmentation of blood vessels, to remote sensing for the identification of roads and rivers, and to biometrics and robotics, among others. %The visual system of the brain has remarkable abilities to detect curvilinear structures in noisy images. This is a nontrivial task especially for the detection of thin or incomplete curvilinear structures surrounded with noise. We propose a general purpose curvilinear structure detector that uses the brain-inspired trainable B-COSFIRE filters. It consists of four main steps, namely nonlinear filtering with B-COSFIRE, thinning with non-maximum suppression, hysteresis thresholding and morphological closing. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a data set of noisy images with cracked pavements, where we achieve state-of-the-art results (F-measure=0.865). The proposed method can be employed in any computer vision methodology that requires the delineation of curvilinear and elongated structures.Comment: Accepted at Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP) 201

Negative inotropic effect of selective AT(2) receptor stimulation and its modulation by the endocardial endothelium

Angiotensin II is an octapeptide whose effects are mediated by two types of receptors. AT, receptors are responsible for the vasoconstrictor, positive inotropic and growth promoting properties, while AT(2) receptors have been linked to vasodilator and anti-mitogenic properties. In this study we investigated the effects of selective AT, receptor stimulation on myocardial contractility and lusitropy. Effects of selective AT2 receptor activation were evaluated in rabbit right papillary muscles (n=96) by adding increasing concentrations of H-9395, an AT(2) receptor agonist, alone or in presence of a selective AT, receptor antagonist (ZD-7155), or alternatively, by adding increasing concentrations of angiotensin 11 in presence of ZD-7155. In the latter conditions, selective AT2 receptor activation was also performed in presence of NG-nitro-L-Arginine, indomethacin, proadifen, hydroxocobalamin, apamin plus charybdotoxin, Hoe-140 or PD-123,319, as well as, after endocardial endothelium removal. Selective AT2 stimulation induced a negative inotropic and lusitropic effect in the first three protocols. This effect was completely abolished after selective removal of the endocardial endothelium and blunted in presence of Hoe-140, hydroxocobalamin, apamin plus charybdotoxin and PD-123,319, but maintained in presence of NG-nitro-L-Arginine, indomethacin or proadifen. Selective AT(2) receptor stimulation induces a negative inotropic and lusitropic effect, which is modulated by endocardial endothelium, and mediated by bradykinin B, receptors through NO release and calcium dependent potassium channels activation. Such findings may help to better understand the therapeutic effects of selective AT, antagonists, which are increasingly used for treating cardiovascular diseases. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V

Service provision and barriers to care for homeless people with mental health problems across 14 European capital cities

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese General Population (2015-2016): Protocol for Design and Development

Carla Lopes, Duarte Torres, Andreia Oliveira, Milton Severo, Sofia Guiomar, Violeta Alarcão, Elisabete Ramos, Sara Rodrigues, Sofia Vilela, Luísa Oliveira, Jorge Mota, Pedro J Teixeira, Paulo J Nicola, Simão Soares, Lene Frost Andersen, The IAN-AF Consortium. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 15.02.2018.Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832902/BACKGROUND: The assessment of food consumption data using harmonized methodologies at the European level is fundamental to support the development of public policies. Portugal is one of the countries with the most outdated information on individual foodconsumption. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the design and methodology of the National Food, Nutrition and Physical ActivitySurvey, 2015-2016, developed to collect national and regional data on dietary habits, physical activity (PA), and nutritional status, in a representative sample of the Portuguese general population (3 months-84 years). METHODS: Participants were selected by multistage sampling, using the National Heath Registry as the sampling frame. Data collection, during 12 months, was harmonized according to European guidelines (EU-MENU, European Food Safety Authority [EFSA]). Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was performed on a specific electronic platform synchronized with nutritional composition data and considering the FoodEx2 classification system. Dietary assessment was performed using 24-hour recalls (two nonconsecutive, 8-15 days apart) or food diaries in the case of children aged <10 years, complemented with a food propensity questionnaire; PA data (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ], the Activity Choice Index [ACI], and 4-days PA diaries); sociodemographic data, and other health-related data were also collected. RESULTS: A sample of 6553 individuals completed the first interview, and 5811 participants completed two dietary assessments. The participation rate among eligible individuals was 33.38% (6553/19,635), considering the first interview, and 29.60% (5811/19,635) for the participants with two completed interviews (about 40% in children and adolescents and 20% in elderly individuals). Results of the survey will be disseminated in national and international scientific journals during 2018-2019. CONCLUSIONS: The survey will assist policy planning and management of national and European health programs on the improvement of nutritional status and risk assessment related to food hazards, and the enhancement of PA. The infrastructures and data driven from this Survey are a solid basis to the development of a future national surveillance system on diet, PA, and other health behaviors reproducible over time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio