The nature of the Brazilian flag: an environmental turn under military rule (1964-1985)

Nature in Brazil has been the subject of debates, competing representations and historical ruptures. This article argues that the period of the military regime (1964-1985) was that of a shift in the delimitation between culture and nature, which became clear by means of media, artistic, intellectual and political representations. During the 1970s, in particular, the “nature” envisaged by the military regime, a hostile nature which the nation must conquer in order to exploit resources, gave way to a fragile nature. In diverse sectors of society, environmental protection came to be seen as necessary to preserve national identity and sovereignty. The debate about the future of the Amazon proved crucial in this transformation. This article analyzes the reasons for this change and gives some illustrations of it. It begins with a perspective of the different visions of nature that existed prior to the arrival of the military in power. Then, it explains how the developmentalist ideology of the military regime, based on an anthropocentric idea of nature, was challenged in the context of the rise of environmentalist discourse in the 1970s. Subsequently, it analyzes the transversal character that ecological thought managed to adopt in Brazilian society during these years. And finally, it explores the diversification of the environmental movement in the context of the transition towards democracy and its aftermaths

Entre Deux Drapeaux: Les ouvriers capverdiens au Portugal pendant la période revolutionnaire (1974-1976)

Marqués par un climat de décolonisation, les mois qui suivirent la Révolution des Oeillets (25 avril 1974) constituèrent une période d’incertitude pour les Capverdiens vivant et travaillant en tant qu’ouvriers au Portugal. Axé sur cet interstice historique de création d’identités post-coloniales (1974-1976), cet article s’interroge sur la marge d’action des ouvriers capverdiens vivant entre deux nations (le Portugal et le Cap Vert) encore à (ré)inventer. Ainsi, l’article s’intéresse aux politiques et aux comportements adoptés par les acteurs sociaux portugais et capverdiens à l’encontre des migrants, mais aussi aux stratégies des migrants eux-mêmes face à l’incertitude, aux crises, et aux phénomènes d’exclusion qui eurent lieu durant la période révolutionnaire.Marcados por um contexto de descolonização, os meses que se seguiram à Revolução dos Cravos (25 de Abril de 1974) constituíram um período de incerteza para os cabo-verdianos que viviam e trabalhavam em Portugal como operários. Centrado nesse interstício histórico de construção de identidades pós-coloniais (1974-1976), este artigo interroga-se sobre a margem de manobra dos trabalhadores cabo-verdianos a viver entre duas nações (Portugal e Cabo Verde) ainda por (re)inventar. O artigo toma em consideração as políticas e os comportamentos adoptados pelos actores sociais portugueses e cabo-verdianos em relação aos imigrantes, mas também as estratégias dos próprios imigrantes face à incerteza, às crises e aos fenómenos de exclusão que tiveram lugar durante o período revolucionário

Entre Deux Drapeaux: Les ouvriers capverdiens au Portugal pendant la période revolutionnaire (1974-1976)

Marqués par un climat de décolonisation, les mois qui suivirent la Révolution des Oeillets (25 avril 1974) constituèrent une période d’incertitude pour les Capverdiens vivant et travaillant en tant qu’ouvriers au Portugal. Axé sur cet interstice historique de création d’identités post-coloniales (1974-1976), cet article s’interroge sur la marge d’action des ouvriers capverdiens vivant entre deux nations (le Portugal et le Cap Vert) encore à (ré)inventer. Ainsi, l’article s’intéresse aux politiques et aux comportements adoptés par les acteurs sociaux portugais et capverdiens à l’encontre des migrants, mais aussi aux stratégies des migrants eux-mêmes face à l’incertitude, aux crises, et aux phénomènes d’exclusion qui eurent lieu durant la période révolutionnaire.Marcados por um contexto de descolonização, os meses que se seguiram à Revolução dos Cravos (25 de Abril de 1974) constituíram um período de incerteza para os cabo-verdianos que viviam e trabalhavam em Portugal como operários. Centrado nesse interstício histórico de construção de identidades pós-coloniais (1974-1976), este artigo interroga-se sobre a margem de manobra dos trabalhadores cabo-verdianos a viver entre duas nações (Portugal e Cabo Verde) ainda por (re)inventar. O artigo toma em consideração as políticas e os comportamentos adoptados pelos actores sociais portugueses e cabo-verdianos em relação aos imigrantes, mas também as estratégias dos próprios imigrantes face à incerteza, às crises e aos fenómenos de exclusão que tiveram lugar durante o período revolucionário

Trabalho forçado na fazenda da Volks: Crônica de um escândalo amazônico na Alemanha

The object of this article is the scandal of forced labor linked to the Vale do Rio Cristalino Amazonian ranch, which belonged to the German firm Volkswagen (VW) between 1973 and 1986. Focusing on the representations, the perception and the reception of the scandal in Germany, this article has the following three aims: - explaining how a multinational company of modern and humanist reputation could tolerate the existence of archaic forms of labor in its own ranch -analyzing the movement of trans-national solidarity, which developed in Germany in reaction to the news of forced labor at “Cristalino” -evaluating the impact of this polemic in the sensibilization, at the international level, as regards the problem of Amazonian forced labor. Keywords : forced labour, Amazon, Volkswagen, Germany, international solidarityEste artigo é dedicado ao escândalo de trabalho forçado relacionado com a fazenda amazônica Vale do Rio Cristalino, gerida pela firma alemã Volkswagen (VW) entre 1973 e 1986. As representações, a percepção e a recepção do escândalo na Alemanha constituem o ponto de enfoque do texto. O objetivo deste artigo é triplo : explicar como uma multinacional de reputação moderna e humanista chegou a permitir uma gestão arcaica da mão de obra na própria fazenda, analisar o movimento de solidariedade trans-nacional que se desenvolveu na Alemanha em reação às notícias de trabalho forçado na ";Cristalino";, e avaliar o impacto dessa polêmica na conscientização ao nível internacional do problema de trabalho forçado amazônico. Palavras-chave: Trabalho forçado, Amazônia, Volkswagen, Alemanha, solidariedade internacionalEste artigo é dedicado ao escândalo de trabalho forçado relacionado com a fazenda amazônica Vale do Rio Cristalino, gerida pela firma alemã Volkswagen (VW) entre 1973 e 1986. As representações, a percepção e a recepção do escândalo na Alemanha constituem o ponto de enfoque do texto. O objetivo deste artigo é triplo : explicar como uma multinacional de reputação moderna e humanista chegou a permitir uma gestão arcaica da mão de obra na própria fazenda, analisar o movimento de solidariedade trans-nacional que se desenvolveu na Alemanha em reação às notícias de trabalho forçado na ";;Cristalino";;, e avaliar o impacto dessa polêmica na conscientização ao nível internacional do problema de trabalho forçado amazônico. Palavras-chave: Trabalho forçado, Amazônia, Volkswagen, Alemanha, solidariedade internaciona

Negotiating Nature. Imaginaries, Interventions and Resistance

Tittor A, Acker A, Kaltmeier O, eds. Negotiating Nature. Imaginaries, Interventions and Resistance. fiar – forum for inter-american research . 2016;9(2)

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

How fascism went digital: a historian's perspective on Bolsonaro's victory in Brazil

Jair Bolsonaro’s victory in the Brazilian presidential election marks the triumph of a new, digital form of totalitarian movement in which masses are the driver of their own manipulation. But this doesn’t make it less harmful than traditional fascist models