Hidrogenionic potential (pH) of the attractant, trap density and control threshold for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: tephritidae) on Hamlin oranges in São Paulo central region, Brazil

This study evaluated the effect of initial pH values of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 of the attractant (protein bait) Milhocina® and borax (sodium borate) in the feld, on the capture of fruit flies in McPhail traps, using 1, 2, 4 and 8 traps per hectare, in order to estimate control thresholds in a Hamlin orange grove in the central region of the state of São Paulo. The most abundant fruit fly species was Ceratitis capitata, comprising almost 99% of the fruit flies captured, of which 80% were females. The largest captures of C. capitata were found in traps baited with Milhocina® and borax at pH 8.5. Captures per trap for the four densities were similar, indicating that the population can be estimated with one trap per hectare in areas with high populations. It was found positive relationships between captures of C. capitata and the number of Hamlin oranges damaged, 2 and 3 weeks after capture. It was obtained equations that correlate captures and damage levels which can be used to estimate control thresholds. The average loss caused in Hamlin orange fruits by C. capitata was 2.5 tons per hectare or 7.5% of production.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar o efeito do pH inicial, 4.5; 6.5 e 8.5, do atrativo proteico Milhocina® e bórax (tetraborato de sódio) na captura de moscas-das-frutas em armadilhas McPhail; estudar densidades de armadilhas, 1; 2; 4 e 8 por hectare, para estimar níveis de controle em laranja cv. Hamlin, na região central de São Paulo. A espécie predominante, com 99% das moscas-das-frutas capturadas, foi Ceratitis capitata, sendo 80% de fêmeas. As maiores capturas de C. capitata ocorreram nas armadilhas com Milhocina® e bórax em pH 8.5. As capturas, nas 4 densidades, foram semelhantes, indicando que a população pode ser estimada com uma armadilha por hectare em áreas de altas populações. Houve relações positivas entre capturas de C. capitata e o número de frutos danificados, 2 e 3 semanas após a captura. Assim, foram obtidas equações que relacionam a captura e o dano, possibilitando estimar níveis de controle desse inseto. As perdas médias causadas por C. capitata em laranja cv. Hamlin chegaram a 2,5 toneladas de frutos por hectare ou 7,5% da produção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

GEOMORFOLOGIA URBANA: O CASO DO BAIRRO SÃO FRANCISCO – RIO BRANCO – ACRE – BRASIL

A área de estudo é uma vertente urbana localizada no bairro São Francisco com área de 21,31 hectares, que teve como objetivos a análise dos processos e riscos geomorfológicos integrados a coletas de solo e sondagem geotécnica. A partir das técnicas estatísticas e geoestatísticas produzimos a interpolação de dados (IDW). A estrutura dos solos e a composição granulométrica foram representadas em topossequências. A movimentação está associada à topografia e transporte de sedimentos

Multidisciplinary Experience In The Selection Of Patients For Tubal Sterilization.

Results of the use of a special protocol for evaluation of patients requiring tubal ligation is presented after applied by a multidisciplinary group. The authors conclude that the use of defined parameters of age, parity, marital union duration, number of children alive and the presence of maternal clinical pathology are useful to identify patients with smaller chances of regret after surgery.27% of reproductive-age women in Brazil have chosen surgical sterilization as their contraceptive method. Most of these women who have undergone tubal sterilization opted for cesarean surgery. However, given the young ages of many of these women, many regret having been sterilized. This paper summarizes the experience of a multidisciplinary group in evaluating women who apply for surgical sterilization at the Department of Tocogynecology, Faculdade de Ciencas Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Detailed descriptions are presented of the medical and social characteristics of cases seen between June 1988 and July 1989. The authors conclude that the use of the defined parameters of age, parity, marital union duration, number of living children, and the presence of maternal clinical pathology are useful in identifying the patients who are least likely to regret undergoing surgical sterilization.113171572

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e citotóxico in vitro do óleo essencial de curcuma zedoaria (christm.) Roscoe / Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of curcuma zedoaria (christm.) Roscoe Essential oil

Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe é uma planta herbácea e rizomatosa da família Zingiberaceae. As folhas e os rizomas do gênero Curcuma são fontes de óleos essenciais utilizados na indústria química, farmacêutica e de alimentos devido a sua ação antioxidante. O óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria possui potente atividade citotóxica, antioxidante e inibe a proliferação celular de diversos tipos de cânceres. Apesar da sua importância biológica e econômica verificamos ausência na literatura de ensaios in vitro com método de difusão em culturas de Escherichia coli BW9091 e AB1157 sob a ação de agentes oxidantes (SnCl2 e H2O2) que atacam o DNA cromossômico e nucleotídeos livres e de estudos que descrevam a ação do óleo essencial com o antibiótico amoxicilina. Vale ressaltar que as cepas Escherichia coli AB1157 e BW9091 apresentam, respectivamente, todos os mecanismos de reparos funcionantes para o reparo de DNA e uma deficiência na exonuclease III (xthA-), isto é, deficiência nos sistemas envolvidos na correção de danos oxidativos do DNA por excisão de bases (BER). Já o antibiótico amoxicilina tem mobilizado a atenção e preocupação em serviços hospitalares devido ao aumento de casos de resistência microbiana. Verificou-se, neste estudo que óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria inibiu as cepas Escherichia coli BW9091 nas concentrações de 12 e 24 L. Contudo, a diferença na concentração foi, ligeiramente, mais perceptiva em Escherichia coli AB1157 (p<0,001) do que com a Escherichia coli BW9091 (p<0,01). É provável que a presença do gene mutante na cepa Escherichia coli BW9091 tenha promovido um aumento da resistência ao efeito inibitório do óleo essencial. Verificamos que o óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria nas concentrações de 24 e 12 µL apresentou potencial inibitório em ambas as cepas de Escherichia coli. Verificou-se, em Escherichia coli AB 1157, que a associação entre o óleo essencial e amoxicilina na concentração de 12 µL apresentou um halo de inibição maior do que quando administrado com o antibiótico isolado. O teste Turkey Kramer demonstrou que houve uma diferença significativa (p<0.001) entre as médias desses halos. A associação de óleo essencial com o cloreto estanoso 12 µL teve seu efeito citotóxico potencializado com ambas as cepas. Entretanto, em Escherichia coli AB 1157 o halo de inibição foi menor, demonstrando que o óleo essencial pode exercer um efeito sinérgico quando associado ao cloreto estanoso. Vale a pena ressaltar que essas diferenças foram significativas (p<0.01) tanto para a Escherichia coli AB1157 e BW9091. Já no controle positivo do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) + 12 µL do óleo essencial observamos aumento na ação oxidativa na cepa AB1157. Portanto, concluímos que o óleo essencial tem potencial farmacológico como princípio ativo natural; exerceu atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana sobre as cepas de Escherichia coli testadas e potencializou o efeito inibitório quando associado ao antibiótico amoxicilina

Primeiro levantamento de mosca das frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e diversidade de parasitoides entre frutos de myrtaceae em todo o Estado da Bahia, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species that use myrtaceous fruit, particularly guava, as hosts in several localities in the state of Bahia and to determine the infestation rates, pupal viability rates, and fruit fly-parasitoid associations. Sampling of myrtaceous fruit was carried out in 24 municipalities in different regions in the state of Bahia. Four fruit fly species, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha zenildae, Anastrepha sororcula, and Ceratitis capitata were obtained from the collected fruit. Three parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerged from Anastrepha larvae/pupae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Utetes anastrephae, and Asobara anastrephae. Doryctobracon areolatus emerged from A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae; Utetes anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus and A. zenildae; and Asobara anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus. Fruit fly and myrtaceous fruit associations are reported for the first time in several municipalities in the state of Bahia. A. zenildae was found infesting Syzygium malaccense for the first time in Brazil

Comparative Analysis between Hydrous Ethanol and Gasoline C Pricing in Brazilian Retail Market

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Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: A millennial-scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites

Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000¿years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community-mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community-mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance-adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress-adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site-specific analyses were largely in line with cross-site analyses, except for varying site-level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought- and disturbance-adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.We thank various funding sources. M.T.v.d.S. was supported by the Rubicon research program with project number 019.171LW.023 and the Veni research program with project number NWO-VI.Veni.192.027, both funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); M.T.v.d.S. and L.P. by the European Research Council Advanced Grant PANTROP 834775; M.B.B. by the National Science Foundation 621 (grant # EAR1338694, BCS0926973 and 1624207), the Belmont Forum, the National Aeronautics 622 and Space Administration (grant no. NNX14AD31G), and National Geographic Society (grant no. 8763-10); S.G.A.F. by Trond Mohn Stiftelse (TMS) and University of Bergen (Grant No. TMS2022STG03/Past, Present and Future of Alpine Biomes Worldwide); H.H. by the Netherlands Organization for Tropical Research (grant WB 84-636) to study Lake La Cocha; S.Y.M. and W.D.G. by the European Commission (Marie Curie Fellowship 792197); C.N.H.M. by the European Research Council Starting Grant StG 853394 (2019) and the NWO-ALWOP.322; E.M. by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) of UK (grant NE/J018562/1), and for radiocarbon dating by the NERC Radiocarbon Facility NRCF010001 (allocation number 1682.1112); M.d.N.N. by the National Science Foundation (NSF)—DEB 1260983, EAR 1338694 and 1624207. All work for Lake Kumpaka was conducted under Ecuadorian Collection Permit 08-620 2017-IC and for Lake Pindo under Permit 14-2012-IC-FLO-DPAP-MA