561 research outputs found
Reduction in cardiovascular risk by sodium-bicarbonated mineral water in moderately hypercholesterolemic young adults.
Effects of drinking a sodium bicarbonated mineral water on cardiovascular risk in young men
and women with moderate cardiovascular risk were studied. Eighteen young volunteers, total
cholesterol levels >5.2 mmol/L without any disease participated. The study consisted in two
8-week intervention periods. Subjects consumed, as a supplement of their usual diet, 1 L/d of
a control low mineral water followed by 1 L/d of the bicarbonated mineral water (mmol/L:
sodium, 48; bicarbonate, 35; and chloride, 17). Determinations were performed at the end of
the control water period and weeks 4 and 8 of the bicarbonated water period. Body weight,
BMI, blood pressure, dietary intake, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
Apo A-I, Apo B, triacylgycerols, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, high sensitivity-C reactive
protein (hs-CRP), soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM and sVCAM), sodium and chloride
urinary excretion, and urine pH were measured. Dietary intake, body weight and BMI showed
no significant variations. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly after 4 weeks of
bicarbonated water consumption without significant differences between the weeks 4 and 8.
Significant reductions were observed after bicarbonated water consumption of total
cholesterol (by 6.3%, p=0.012), LDL-cholesterol (by 10% p=0.001), total/HDL-cholesterol
(p=0.004), LDL/HDL-cholesterol (p=0.001), and Apo B (p=0.017). Serum triacylglycerols,
Apo A-I, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and hs-CRP levels did not change. Serum glucose values
tended to decrease during the bicarbonated water intervention (p=0.056) but insulin levels did
not vary. This sodium bicarbonated mineral water improves lipid profile in moderately
hypercholesterolemic young men and women and could therefore be applied in dietary
interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk
Aerosol direct radiative effects of a transatlantic biomass burning plume over Granada, Spain
This work presents the assessment of the aerosol direct radiative effects for a special episode of transatlantic transport of a biomass burning plume, performed over Granada, south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, on 20th August 2007. The knowledge of aerosol radiative impact requires an accurate determination of their optical and microphysical properties, which are obtained here using ground-based remote sensing instrumentation by means of a combination of lidar and sun-photometer. Our data highlight the presence of a multilayered structure with a well-defined planetary boundary layer and biomass-particles in elevated layers, extending up to 9 km asl, at the south-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula.
The aerosol direct shortwave radiative effects, evaluated from simulations with SBDART code, show that the biomass burning plume increases the heating rate up to 0.5 K/day in spite of the small contribution of these particles to the total aerosol optical depth (10-20%). In addition, our results indicate that the biomass burning plume strengths the negative radiative forcing about -5 down to -8 W/m2 at the surface, between noon and evening. At the TOA, radiative forcing appeared slightly positive but very close to zero at noon, and negative in the evening with a decrease of 1.5 W/m2 caused by the presence of the biomass burning plume.Postprint (published version
PARL deficiency in mouse causes Complex III defects, coenzyme Q depletion, and Leigh-like syndrome
The mitochondrial intramembrane rhomboid protease PARL has been implicated in diverse functions in vitro, but its physiological role in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that ablation in mouse causes a necrotizing encephalomyelopathy similar to Leigh syndrome, a mitochondrial disease characterized by disrupted energy production. Mice with conditional PARL deficiency in the nervous system, but not in muscle, develop a similar phenotype as germline KOs, demonstrating the vital role of PARL in neurological homeostasis. Genetic modification of two major PARL substrates, PINK1 and PGAM5, do not modify this severe neurological phenotype. brain mitochondria are affected by progressive ultrastructural changes and by defects in Complex III (CIII) activity, coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, and mitochondrial calcium metabolism. PARL is necessary for the stable expression of TTC19, which is required for CIII activity, and of COQ4, which is essential in CoQ biosynthesis. Thus, PARL plays a previously overlooked constitutive role in the maintenance of the respiratory chain in the nervous system, and its deficiency causes progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and structural abnormalities leading to neuronal necrosis and Leigh-like syndrome
Interdisciplinary initiative and transversal approach in the teaching of analytical chemistry
El proceso de aprendizaje puede favorecerse mediante el uso de metodologías docentes que fomenten
el tratamiento transversal de los temas, resultando más adecuado para el estudiante si es abordado
desde diferentes vertientes. Este tratamiento implica el trabajo conjunto de profesores con distintas
formaciones que muestren la solución del problema de forma interdisciplinar. La disciplina Análisis
Químico está en relación continua con otras áreas de conocimiento lo que la hace idónea para la
implementación de experiencias docentes mediante las cuales los alumnos experimenten la parte
aplicada de la asignatura con el fin de favorecer la comprensión desde un punto de vista global.
Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en un contexto real, poniendo en contacto a los alumnos con un
proyecto de investigación con el fin de conseguir su implicación en la comprensión de la asignatura
permitiendo una visión real del planteamiento y resolución de problemas analíticos y favoreciendo la
adquisición de competencias específicas y trasversales. Se ha contado con la participación de
diferentes profesores y se ha desarrollado en varias etapas: Impartición de charlas, establecimiento del
problema analítico, colocación de material en plataforma virtual, análisis de muestras reales,
información de resultados, encuesta opinión/satisfacción, evaluación y calificación.
La utilización de esta herramienta de aprendizaje ha permitido fomentar en los alumnos la capacidad
de aplicar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos a la práctica, el trabajo en grupo, la identificación y
resolución de problemas, la interdisciplinariedad y la colaboración. Y a los profesores evaluar los resultados del aprendizaje expresados en términos de competencias.The learning process can be favoured by using teaching methodologies that encourage the transversal
treatment of the issues, resulting more adequate for the student if it is approached from different
aspects. This treatment implies the joined work of professors with different trainings showing the
solution of the problem from an interdisciplinary way. Analytical Chemistry is continuously related to
other knowing areas which make it suitable for the implementation of teaching experiences that
favours the students to know the applied part of the subject with the aim of facilitating the
comprehension from a global point of view.
This work has been developed in a real context, putting the students in contact with a research project
with the aim of getting their implication in the comprehension of the subject and favouring the
acquisition of specific and transversal competencies. The initiative has relied on the participation of different professors and has been developed in several stages: oral teaching, setting the analytical problem, putting material in the virtual platform, analysis of real samples, giving information of the
results, evaluation and grading.
The use of this learning tool has allowed to encourage the students the ability to apply the theoretical
knowing to the practice, the making of decisions, the identification and solving of problems, the interdisciplinary and the collaboration. And to the professors to evaluate the results of the learning process in terms of competencies
Monitoring of the Eyjafjalla volcanic plume at four lidar stations over the Iberian Peninsula: 6 to 8 May 2010
Lidar measurements were performed in the
framework of the EARLINET and SPALINET networks
during the eruption of Eyjafjalla volcano (Iceland) since 14
April 2010. The profiles of the aerosol optical properties,
namely backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratio and
Angström exponent, show the presence of volcanic aerosol
layers over all SPALINET stations since 5 May. The volcanic
particles were monitored both within the planetary boundary
layer and in decoupled layers up to 8 km agl over the Iberian
Peninsula. This is the first time that the spatial and temporal
distributions of volcanic aerosols have been studied with active
remote sensing techniques over the Iberian Peninsula.Postprint (published version
Resolution of practical cases in small groups in the teaching of “general and analytical chemistry” subject of degree in pharmacy
El Proyecto realizado por el equipo docente del Departamento de Química Analítica de la Facultad de
Farmacia de Sevilla, ha utilizado la técnica de enseñanza en pequeños grupos (EPG) que constituye
una faceta esencial en la renovación de las metodologías docentes para la incorporación y adaptación
de las enseñanzas universitarias al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. La actividad propuesta se
ha llevado a cabo en la asignatura “Química General y Analítica” del Grado en Farmacia. Con el
objetivo de mejorar el aprendizaje del alumno y fomentar el trabajo en equipo del mismo, se ha
subdividido en tres cada uno de los seis grupos asignados a “Clases Prácticas en el aula”, logrando un
número de alumnos presentes en la misma (20 alumnos) que permite la impartición de la docencia con
una dinámica distinta a la lección magistral. La actividad desarrollada ha tenido una gran acogida por
parte de los alumnos donde un alto porcentaje de los mismos consigue superar sin grandes dificultades el apartado del examen destinado a casos prácticos.The Project developed by the Educational Team of the Department of Analytical Chemistry (Faculty
of Pharmacy, Seville), has used the technique of Small Groups Learning (SGL) that constitutes an
essential facet in the renovation of the educational methodologies for the incorporation and adaptation
of the university lessons to the European Space for Higher Education. The proposed activity has been
carried out in the “General and Analytical Chemistry” subject of the Degree in Pharmacy. With the
aim of improving the learning of the student and fomenting the work in equipment of the same, it has
been subdivided in three each one of the six assigned groups to “Practical exercises in the classroom”,
obtaining a number of present students in the same (20 students) that allows the imparting of teaching
with a dynamic different from the magisterial lesson. The developed activity has presented a great
reception by the students and a high percentage of the same is able to surpass without great difficulties the section of the examination destined to practical cases
Do Religious Factors Influence the Attitude Toward Organ Donation Among Medical Students? A Spanish Multicenter Study
Introduction
Religious factors have conditioned the attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) since the beginning of transplantation, despite the fact that most religions are in favor of transplantation.
Objective
To assess the impact of religious beliefs of medical students on their attitude toward ODT.
Method
Population under study: Medical students in Spanish universities. Study sample: Stratified by geographical area and academic course. Assessment instrument: Attitude ODT questionnaire PCID-DTO-Ríos, anonymous and self-administered.
Results
Of all students, 42% (n = 3907) declare themselves atheists or agnostics. The remaining 58% (n = 5368) declare themselves to be religious, the majority being Catholic (55%, n = 5102). Of the rest, 0.2% are Muslims (n = 8), 0.1% Protestants (n = 1), and the remaining 2.7% (n = 257) indicate other religious doctrines but do not want to specify it. Regarding their attitude toward ODT, those who consider themselves atheists or agnostics have a more favorable attitude than those who consider themselves religious (84% versus 76%; P < .001). Among those who follow some kind of religion, Catholics are more in favor of ODT than non-Catholics (77% vs 64%, P < .001). Note that among the religious, only 57% (n = 3050) know which religion is in favor of transplantation, while 22% (n = 1,152) consider that it has not been pronounced on the matter, 13% (n = 723) think the religion is against donation, and the remaining 8% (n = 443) do not know.
Conclusion
The religion professed by medical students conditions their attitude toward donation, with the atheists and agnostics being more in favor of donation.Sin financiación0.784 JCR (2019) Q4, 155/158 Immunology, 191/210 Surgery, 24/24 Transplantation0.363 SJR (2019) Q3, 254/451 Surgery, 27/41 TransplantationNo data IDR 2019UE
Alternating runtime and size complexity analysis of integer programs
We present a modular approach to automatic complexity analysis. Based on a novel alternation between finding symbolic time bounds for program parts and using these to infer size bounds on program variables, we can restrict each analysis step to a small part of the program while maintaining a high level of precision. Extensive experiments with the implementation of our method demonstrate its performance and power in comparison with other tools
Characterization of atmospheric aerosols for a long-range transport of biomass-burning from North America over the Iberian Peninsula
This work presents the characterization of atmospheric aerosols performed over the Iberian Peninsula in the framework of EARLINET for a special episode on 20th August 2007. The assessment of aerosol radiative impact requires an accurate determination of their optical and microphysical properties, which are presented here for a variety of instrumentation including passive remote sensors, as sun-photometers, and active systems both ground-based and on board CALIPSO
satellite. Measurements highlight the presence of a multilayered structure with a well-defined planetary boundary layer and biomass-particles in elevated layers, extending up to 7 km asl over the central Iberian Peninsula, and even higher, up to 9 km asl, at the southeastern part of the peninsula. Lidar computations reveal a contribution to the aerosol optical depth around 10-40% for these biomass-burning particles, with backscatter-related AngströPostprint (published version
Sensitization Toward Organ Donation Among Medical Students in Spanish Regions With More Than 50 Donors Per Million Population
The awareness of organ donation among health professionals is important at the time of transplant promotion. In this sense, the training and awareness of the professionals in training is fundamental
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