Regional growth and unemployment. The validity of Okun's law for the Finnish regions

International audienceThis paper offers a concise critical overview of Okun's Law, with particular attention for its relevance in open economic systems of regions. Based on an extensive set of economic data for Finnish regions, the existence of cointegration is tested using alternative statistical methods, viz. the residual-based test and the conditional error correction model. A novelty of the paper is to combine a method of hidden cointegrations with a method of removing cross-sectional dependence. After correcting for hidden cointegrations and cross-sectional dependence, both statistical methods used yield almost similar results and confirm the presence of cointegration for the relevant data on Finnish regions. The long-run Okun relationship for regions in Finland appears to confirm results found elsewhere in the literature on countries as a whole, although the coefficients tend to be smaller.Cette communication présente un aperçu critique concis de la loi d'Okun, et se penche tout particulièrement sur sa pertinence éventuelle pour les systèmes économiques ouverts dans les régions. Sur la base d'un ensemble de données économiques approfondies concernant les régions finnoises, on procède à des essais de l'existence d'une co-intégration, en appliquant des méthodes statistiques alternatives, à savoir les essais à base résiduelle et le modèle de correction des erreurs conditionnelles. Une nouveauté contenue dans cette communication est la combinaison d'une méthode de co-intégrations cachées avec une méthode d'élimination de la dépendance transversale. Après des corrections tenant compte des co-intégrations cachées et de la dépendance transversale, les deux méthodes statistiques utilisées produisent des résultats similaires, et confirment la présence d'une co-intégration pour les données relatives aux régions finnoises. Les rapports de longue durée de la loi d'Okun appliquée aux régions de la Finlande semblent confirmer les résultats relevés ailleurs dans la documentation générale sur les pays, même si les coefficients ont tendance à être plus petits

El juego como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la motivaci?n en los estudiantes de ciencias naturales del grado 7?

70 P?ginasEl prop?sito de la presente investigaci?n se centra en aplicar estrategias que permitan el fortalecimiento de la motivaci?n escolar de los estudiantes de Ciencias Naturales del grado 7? B, de la Instituci?n Educativa Escuela Normal Superior Santa Teresita, del municipio de Sopetr?n - Antioquia; para ello, se implement? el juego como estrategia que permite el fortalecimiento de la motivaci?n en los estudiantes; de igual manera, se dise?aron, plantearon e implementaron estrategias did?cticas para promover la motivaci?n escolar; y finalmente, se utiliz? el juego para fortalecer la motivaci?n en los estudiantes del grado 7? B, del ?rea de Ciencias Naturales.ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is focused on implementing strategies to strengthen the school motivation of students of natural science 7th grade of School Escuela Normal Superior St. Therese of the municipality of Sopetr?n ? Antioquia, for it was implemented as a strategy game that allows strengthening student motivation, the same way, were designed, raised and implemented teaching strategies to promote school motivation, and finally, we used the game to increase motivation in students 7th grade science area.INTRODUCCI?N 12 1. ANTECEDENTES 14 2. FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 17 3. PROBLEMA 19 4. JUSTIFICACI?N 20 5. OBJETIVOS 21 5.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 21 5.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 21 6. MARCO TE?RICO 22 6.1 ANTECEDENTES INVESTIGATIVOS AL RESPECTO DEL TEMA DE LA MOTIVACI?N 22 6.2 LA MOTIVACI?N 25 6.3 LA MOTIVACI?N EN EL CONTEXTO EDUCATIVO 26 6.4 EDUCACI?N EXPERIENCIAL 28 6.5 CONDICIONES PARA UN APRENDIZAJE EFICAZ 29 6.6 FUNDAMENTOS CONCEPTUALES 31 6.6.1 Limitaciones en la tarea (o actividad acad?mica). 31 6.6.2 Expectativas del profesor. 31 6.6.3 Expectativas de los alumnos 31 6.6.4 Evaluaci?n 32 6.6.5 Recompensas 32 7. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 34 8. AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 36 8.1 LUGAR DE LA PR?CTICA 36 8.2 RESULTADOS DE LA PROPUESTA PEDAG?GICA 39 8.3 RESULTADOS DEL PRE-TEST 40 8.4 RESULTADOS DEL POST-TEST 43 6 8.5 GR?FICAS COMPARATIVAS DEL PRE-TEST Y POS-TEST SOBRE EL TEMA DEL RECICLAJE48 8.6 AN?LISIS DE LA INFORMACI?N 48 9. CONCLUSIONES 50 REFERENCIAS 53 ANEXOS 5

Structural Characteristics of the Tallest Mangrove Forests of the American Continent: A Comparison of Ground-Based, Drone and Radar Measurements

The Panama Bight eco-region along the Pacific coast of central and South America is considered to have one of the best-preserved mangrove ecosystems in the American continent. The regional climate, with rainfall easily reaching 5-8 m every year and weak wind conditions, contribute to the exceptionally tall mangroves along the southern Colombian and northern Ecuadorian Pacific coasts (Narino Department and Esmeraldas Province areas). Here we evaluate the use of different methods (ground-based measurements, drone imagery and radar data [Shuttle Radar Topography mission-SRTM and TanDEM-X]) to characterize the structure of the tallest of these forests. In November 2019, three mangrove sites with canopy heights between 50 and 60 m, previously identified with SRTM data, were sampled close to the town of Guapi, Colombia. In addition to in situ field measurements of trees, we conducted airborne drone surveys in order to generate georeferenced orthomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs). We found that the extensive mangrove forests in this area of the Colombian Pacific are almost entirely composed of Rhizophora spp. trees. The tallest mangrove tree measured in the three plots was 57 m. With ca. 900 drone photographs, three orthomosaics (2 cm pixel(-1) resolution) and digital surface models (3.5 cm pixel(-1)) with average area of 4,0 ha were generated. The field-measured canopy heights were used to validate the drone-derived and radar-derived data, confirming these mangrove forests as the tallest in the Americas. The drone-derived orthomosaics showed significant patches of the Golden Leather Fern, Acrostichum aureum, an opportunistic species that can be associated to mangrove degradation, indicating that the mangrove forests investigated here may be threatened from increased selective logging requiring improvements and effective implementation of the current mangrove management plans in Colombia. The techniques used here are highly complementary and may represent the three tiers for carbon reporting, whereby the drone-derived canopy height maps, calibrated with local in situ measurements, provides cheap but reliable Tier 3 estimates of carbon stocks at the project level

JOB BURNOUT AND SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY TEACHERS: REGRESSION AND K-MEANS CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

Burnout on a teaching job refers to exhaustion that leads to depression which can affect the teacher’s well-being and satisfaction. This article looks into the level of job burnout and satisfaction of high school teachers during modular distance learning and determines its association at different levels. Cross-sectional primary data were gathered from a random sample of secondary teachers in Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines. The gathered data were job burnout and satisfaction scores and described using standard statistical metrics. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze its association, and K-means clustering was used to identify homogeneous categories of job burnout and satisfaction scores with similar characteristics. On average, results showed that the high school teachers were still  “satisfied” despite the “high burnout” they were facing during the modular distance learning amid the pandemic. Using the correlation analysis, it is revealed that teachers’ satisfaction and burnout are significantly and inversely correlated to each other. This implies that the burnout level adversely affects the satisfaction in teaching. Based on regression analysis, there is a decrease of 0.653 units in the satisfaction perception score for every 1 unit increase in the burnout perception score and it is significant at a 1% level. It is depicted in K-means clustering that teachers’ satisfaction and burnout levels are compact and converge to the interpretation that they were highly burnout yet satisfied in modular distance learning. Hence, the study suggests that teachers' tasks during distance education must be lessened to increase their well-being as educators

Clinical, Laboratory and Lung Ultrasound Assessment of Congestion in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Congestion is the main cause of hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), however its precise assessment by simple clinical evaluation remains elusive. The recent introduction of the lung ultrasound scan (LUS) allowed to physicians to more precisely quantify pulmonary congestion. The aim of this study was to compare clinical congestion (CC) with LUS and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in order to achieve a more complete evaluation and to evaluate the prognostic power of each measurement. Methods: All patients were submitted to clinical evaluation for blood sample analysis and LUS at admission and before discharge. LUS protocol evaluated the number of B-lines for each chest zone by standardized eight site protocol. CC was measured following ESC criteria. The mean difference between admission and discharge congestion logBNP and B-lines values were calculated. Combined end points of death and rehospitalization was calculated over 180 days. Results: 213 patients were included in the protocol; 133 experienced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and 83 presented with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients with HFrEF had a more increased level of BNP (1150 (812-1790) vs. 851 (694-1196); p = 0.002) and B lines total number (32 (27-38) vs. 30 (25-36); p = 0.05). A positive correlation was found between log BNP and Blines number in both HFrEF (r = 0.57; p < 0.001) and HFpEF (r = 0.36; p = 0.001). Similarly, dividing B-lines among tertiles the upper group (B-lines >= 36) had an increased clinical congestion score. Among three variables at admission only B-lines were predictive for outcome (AUC 0.68 p < 0.001) but not LogBNP and CC score. During 180 days of follow-up, univariate analysis showed that persistent Delta B-lines <-32.3% (HR 6.54 (4.19-10.20); p < 0.001), persistent Delta BNP < -43.8% (HR 2.48 (1.69-3.63); p < 0.001) and persistent Delta CC < 50% (HR 4.25 (2.90-6.21); p < 0.001) were all significantly related to adverse outcome. Multivariable analysis confirmed that persistent Delta B-lines (HR 4.38 (2.64-7.29); p < 0.001), Delta BNP (HR 1.74 (1.11-2.74); p = 0.016) and Delta CC (HR 3.38 (2.10-5.44); p < 0.001 were associated with the combined end point. Conclusions: a complete clinical laboratory and LUS assessment better recognized different congestion occurrence in AHF. The difference between admission and discharge B-lines provides useful prognostic information compared to traditional clinical evaluation. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Comparison of Defuzzification Methods: Automatic Control of Temperature and Flow inHeat Exchanger

Non

Source model of the 2007 M_w 8.0 Pisco, Peru earthquake: Implications for seismogenic behavior of subduction megathrusts

We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, teleseismic body waves, tsunami waveforms recorded by tsunameters, field observations of coastal uplift, subsidence, and runup to develop and test a refined model of the spatiotemporal history of slip during the M_w 8.0 Pisco earthquake of 15 August 2007. Our preferred solution shows two distinct patches of high slip. One patch is located near the epicenter while another larger patch ruptured 60 km further south, at the latitude of the Paracas peninsula. Slip on the second patch started 60 s after slip initiated on the first patch. We observed a remarkable anticorrelation between the coseismic slip distribution and the aftershock distribution determined from the Peruvian seismic network. The proposed source model is compatible with regional runup measurements and open ocean tsunami records. From the latter data set, we identified the 12 min timing error of the tsunami forecast system as being due to a mislocation of the source, caused by the use of only one tsunameter located in a nonoptimal azimuth. The comparison of our source model with the tsunami observations validate that the rupture did not extend to the trench and confirms that the Pisco event is not a tsunami earthquake despite its low apparent rupture velocity (<1.5 km/s). We favor the interpretation that the earthquake consists of two subevents, each with a conventional rupture velocity (2–4 km/s). The delay between the two subevents might reflect the time for the second shock to nucleate or, alternatively, the time it took for afterslip to increase the stress level on the second asperity to a level necessary for static triggering. The source model predicts uplift offshore and subsidence on land with the pivot line following closely the coastline. This pattern is consistent with our observation of very small vertical displacement along the shoreline when we visited the epicentral area in the days following the event. This earthquake represents, to our knowledge, one of the best examples of a link between the geomorphology of the coastline and the pattern of surface deformation induced by large interplate ruptures

Lealtad a la práctica deportiva: Una aplicación de la TPB a los servicios públicos para la práctica deportiva

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been used in multiple industries and markets to explain the behavior of individuals. In the Colombian sports sector has never been used as a tool to model the behavior of individuals loyal to the sports offered by public institutions.In this study, the TPB model is proposed as a hypothesis to explain the history of loyalty to the sport, an empirical sample of 411 users of the programs of sport and physical activity INDERE (La Estrella, Antioquia) is collected, run a confirmatory factor analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the measurement model and the hypotheses are tested by structural equation modeling.The study showed that TPB provides a good fit to model the behavior of loyalty to the sport and concluded that Perceived Control is the main antecedent of loyalty to sports such programs.La Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) ha sido utilizada en múltiples sectores y mercados para explicar el comportamiento de los individuos. En el sector deportivo colombiano nunca se ha utilizado como herramienta para modelar el comportamiento de lealtad de los individuos hacia la práctica deportiva ofertada por las instituciones públicas.En el presente estudio se propone la TPB como modelo de hipótesis para explicar los antecedentes de la lealtad hacia la práctica deportica, se recoge una muestra empírica de 411 usuarios de los programas de deporte y actividad física del INDERE (La Estrella, Antioquia), se ejecuta un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio para garantizar la fiabilidad y validez del modelo de medida y se contrastan las hipótesis mediante ecuaciones estructurales.El estudio evidencia que la TPB provee un buen ajuste para modelar el comportamiento de lealtad a la práctica deportiva y concluye que el Control Percibido es el principal antecedente de la lealtad a la práctica deportiva de dichos programas

Magnetic Properties of MBE Grown La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Thin Films

Honorable Mention Winner This project investigates the magnetic properties of a La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.40) sample of high quality. This sample was grown one atomic layer at a time by Prof. Warusawithana using UNF’s Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) machine. These magnetic properties are investigated over a range of temperatures from 5 to 400 K in fields up to 7 T. We make use of the techniques to analyze the sample to determine to a high degree of precision the critical temperature of the sample, we determined it to be 252 K. We further identified the saturated magnetization, remnant magnetization, and coercive field at 5 K to be 0.00733 emu/g, 0.00563 emu/g and 0.0090 T respectivel

Intoxicación por organofosforados con necesidad de altas dosis de atropina y administración tardía de oximas

ResumenLa intoxicaci&oacute;n por organofosforados es una de las causas m&aacute;s frecuentes de intoxicaci&oacute;n en el mundo y una de las tres formas principales de suicidio, llegando a mortalidades cercanas al 15 %. Esta radica en la inhibici&oacute;n irreversible que sus componentes hacen en la enzima acetilcolinesterasa, llevando con ello a la aparici&oacute;n de signos y s&iacute;ntomassecundarios al exceso de acetilcolina en los sistemas donde act&uacute;a. Su manejo a&uacute;n es controvertido y sigue bas&aacute;ndose en las medidas de descontaminaci&oacute;n, utilizaci&oacute;n de atropina, oximas y benzodiacepinas, sin haber consenso en muchas de las dosis e intervalos de tiempo para la administraci&oacute;n de estos medicamentos.[Leotau MA, Pacheco SH, Tavera CH. Intoxicaci&oacute;n por organofosforados con necesidad de altas dosis de atropina y administraci&oacute;n tard&iacute;a de oximas. MedUNAB 2010; 13:44-50]Palabras clave: Insecticidas, Insecticidas organofosforados, Intoxicaci&oacute;n, Oximas, Atropina, Colombia