205 research outputs found
Research of weldability of pipe steel X65 QS ordered for sour service
To evaluate the weldability of steel for sour service the effect of different thermal cycles of welding on toughness and resistance to sulfide stress cracking of the pipe steel X65QS was investigated. Researches were conducted by modeling the welding thermal cycles with heating to a temperature of 1300 Β°C followed by cooling at different rates. Also kinetics of the austenite decomposition of pipe steel X65 QS in conditions of welding thermal cycles was studied. Dilatometric studies showed bainite transformation in a wide range of cooling rates in GCHAZ. In this case, the main factor affecting both toughness and corrosion resistant is morphology of bainite transformed in GCHAZ. Found that the highest toughness and satisfactory sulfide stress cracking resistance is observed in welded joints with structure of the acicular bainite in the GCHAZ. Acicular bainite in GCHAZ forms at cooling rates 10-20 Β°C/sec.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ X65QS. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ 1300 Β°Π‘ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ X65 QS Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π±Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 10-20 Β°Π‘/Ρ
Optical control of 4f orbital state in rare-earth metals
Information technology demands continuous increase of data-storage density.
In high-density magnetic recording media, the large magneto-crystalline
anisotropy (MCA) stabilizes the stored information against decay through
thermal fluctuations. In the latest generation storage media, MCA is so large
that magnetic order needs to be transiently destroyed by heat to enable bit
writing. Here we show an alternative approach to control high-anisotropy
magnets: With ultrashort laser pulses the anisotropy itself can be manipulated
via electronic state excitations. In rare-earth materials like terbium metal,
magnetic moment and high MCA both originate from the 4f electronic state.
Following infrared laser excitation 5d-4f electron-electron scattering
processes lead to selective orbital excitations that change the 4f orbital
occupation and significantly alter the MCA. Besides these excitations within
the 4f multiplet, 5d-4f electron transfer causes a transient change of the 4f
occupation number, which, too, strongly alters the MCA. Such MCA change cannot
be achieved by heating: The material would rather be damaged than the 4f
configuration modified. Our results show a way to overcome this limitation for
a new type of efficient magnetic storage medium. Besides potential
technological relevance, the observation of MCA-changing excitations also has
implications for a general understanding of magnetic dynamics processes on
ultrashort time scales, where the 4f electronic state affects the angular
momentum transfer between spin system and lattice.Comment: Manuscript (14 pages, 3 figures) and Supplementary Information (22
pages, 9 figures
Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users
The interplay of local electron correlations and ultrafast spin dynamics in fcc Ni
The complex electronic structure of metallic ferromagnets is determined by a balance between exchange interaction, electron hopping leading to band formation, and local Coulomb repulsion. The interplay between the respective terms of the Hamiltonian is of fundamental interest, since it produces most, if not all, of the exotic phenomena observed in the solid state. By combining high energy and temporal resolution in femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio time-dependent density functional theory we analyze the electronic structure in fcc Ni on the time scale of these interactions in a pump-probe experiment. We distinguish transient broadening and energy shifts in the absorption spectra, which we demonstrate to be caused by electron repopulation and correlation-induced modifications of the electronic structure, respectively. Importantly, the theoretical description of this experimental result hence requires to take the local Coulomb interaction into account, revealing a temporal interplay between band formation, exchange interaction, and Coulomb repulsion
Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser
Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-rayβmatter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in theΒ L3-edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60βJ/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale
Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range
Ultrafast manipulation of the NiO antiferromagnetic order via sub gap optical excitation
Wide band gap insulators such as NiO offer the exciting prospect of coherently manipulating electronic correlations with strong optical fields. Contrary to metals where rapid dephasing of optical excitation via electronic processes occurs, the sub gap excitation in charge transfer insulators has been shown to couple to low energy bosonic excitations. However, it is currently unknown if the bosonic dressing field is composed of phonons or magnons. Here we use the prototypical charge transfer insulator NiO to demonstrate that 1.5 eV sub gap optical excitation leads to a renormalised NiO band gap in combination with a significant reduction of the antiferromagnetic order. We employ element specific X ray reflectivity at the FLASH free electron laser to demonstrate the reduction of the upper band edge at the O 1s 2p core valence resonance K edge whereas the antiferromagnetic order is probed via X ray magnetic linear dichroism XMLD at the Ni 2p 3d resonance L2 edge . Comparing the transient XMLD spectral line shape to ground state measurements allows us to extract a spin temperature rise of 65 5 K for time delays longer than 400 fs while at earlier times a non equilibrium spin state is formed. We identify transient mid gap states being formed during the first 200 fs accompanied by a band gap reduction lasting at least up to the maximum measured time delay of 2.4 ps. Electronic structure calculations indicate that magnon excitations significantly contribute to the reduction of the NiO band ga
A New Method for Treating Burn Wounds Using Targeted Delivery of Medicinal Substances by Magnetic Nanocarrier (Experimental Part)
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ
. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 20 ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ³Π°. ΠΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 4 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π±Π΅Π· Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ
Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 14-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ³Π° III ΠΈ IV ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΡΡΡΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ
Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Experimental studies have been carried out on laboratory animals to investigate the effectiveness of targeted delivery of levomekol ointment using magnetic nanoparticles and an external magnetic field for treatment of thermal burns. The study involved 20 rats, with two burns on each. The rats were divided into 4 groups: untreated; treated with levomekol ointment; treated with levomekol ointment associated
with nanoparticles and an external magnetic field; and treated with magnetic field alone. Histological
examination was conducted on Day 14, and in all groups, in the thermal burn zone of the skin there were
signs of deep three- and four-degree
burns with necrosis spread through the dermis, reaching the muscle.
In the group with levomekol ointment associated with nanoparticles and magnetic field, inflammation
was decreased, and focal granulation tissue formation was observed. Thus, histological studies of the
burn wound process in laboratory animals showed that the use of an innovative biologically active
wound healing agent based on nanoparticles in combination with the levomecol ointment improved
tissue regeneration and accelerated epithelialization, which enhanced the effectiveness of burn wound
treatment. The use of an external magnetic field facilitated targeted delivery of the therapeutic nanosystem
and maintenance of the optimal concentration of the drug in the woun
Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase
peer reviewedTopological states of matter exhibit fascinating physics combined with an intrinsic stability. A key challenge is the fast creation of topological phases, which requires massive reorientation of charge or spin degrees of freedom. Here we report the picosecond emergence of an extended topological phase that comprises many magnetic skyrmions. The nucleation of this phase, followed in real time via single-shot soft X-ray scattering after infrared laser excitation, is mediated by a transient topological fluctuation state. This state is enabled by the presence of a time-reversal symmetry-breaking perpendicular magnetic field and exists for less than 300 ps. Atomistic simulations indicate that the fluctuation state largely reduces the topological energy barrier and thereby enables the observed rapid and homogeneous nucleation of the skyrmion phase. These observations provide fundamental insights into the nature of topological phase transitions, and suggest a path towards ultrafast topological switching in a wide variety of materials through intermediate fluctuating states. Β© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Leibniz Association Grant no. K162/2018 (OptiSPIN
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