Some Insight into the Wind-Induced Vibration of Stay Cables in the Context of Rigid Static Inclined Circular Cylinder

Wind-induced cable vibration is a contemporary issue in cable-stayed bridges, which potentially threats the safety and durability of the structure. A thorough understanding of the fundamental physics underlying these phenomena is a priori for developing effective remedies to resolve the issue. In the present paper, possible mechanisms associated with two different types of wind-induced cable vibration phenomena have been studied based on a set of wind tunnel experimental data on a rigid circular cylinder. A number of analyses were applied to the unsteady surface pressure data sampled on the cylinder model to elucidate the possible mechanisms of these phenomena. Negative aerodynamic damping ratios were identified in the ranges of Reynolds number and cylinder orientation where divergent galloping type of response is expected to occur. A breakdown range of wind-cable relative angle was detected in which the regular Karman vortex shedding was suppressed within the subcritical Reynolds number range. In the critical Reynolds number range, however, the symmetry of surrounding flow field beyond this breakdown range could be altered drastically, leading to considerable changes in the lift force which is responsible for the negative aerodynamic damping ratio values. Significant increase of correlation length of sectional aerodynamic forces was also detected within this breakdown range in the critical regime. This, combined with the negative aerodynamic damping, is proposed to be a possible necessary onset condition for the galloping of dry inclined cables. The limited-amplitude instability, which occurred in the subcritical Re range, on the other hand, was found to be caused by the mitigation of regular Karman vortex shedding in the breakdown range while the spatial flow field was strongly correlated. In addition, the decay in correlation of aerodynamic forces in the critical Re range was believed to be key to the suppression of this unstable response

A reassessment of outer-rise seismicity and its implications for the mechanics of oceanic lithosphere

We use body-waveform modelling to constrain the source parameters of earthquakes occurring globally in oceanic lithosphere beneath the subduction zone outer rise and outer trench slope. These data are then used to map the stress state in the lithosphere of the downgoing plate as it bends into the subduction zone. Our results provide new constraints on the faulting of oceanic lithosphere at the outer rise, which is important for understanding the transmission of plate-driving forces through the subduction system. In all cases, shallow normal-faulting earthquakes are observed at the top of the plate, and are separated in depth from any deeper thrust-faulting earthquakes. No temporal variation associated with large thrust-faulting earthquakes on the subduction interface is seen in the depth extent of each type of faulting at the outer rise. The transition depth from trench-normal extension to compression is found to vary in agreement with models in which deformation is driven by the combination of in-plane stresses and bending stresses, resulting principally from slab pull. Combining the seismologically derived constraints on the thickness of the elastic core of the plate with estimates of the plate curvature, we place upper bounds on the strength of the lithosphere at the outer rise, which is required to be ≲300 MPa for a constant yield stress model, or governed by an effective coefficient of friction of ≲0.3

GIS BASED SYSTEM FOR POST-EARTHQUAKE CRISIS MANAGMENT USING CELLULAR NETWORK

Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. Earthquakes happen mainly near the edges of tectonic plates, but they may happen just about anywhere. Earthquakes cannot be predicted. Quick response after disasters, like earthquake, decreases loss of life and costs. Massive earthquakes often cause structures to collapse, trapping victims under dense rubble for long periods of time. After the earthquake and destroyed some areas, several teams are sent to find the location of the destroyed areas. The search and rescue phase usually is maintained for many days. Time reduction for surviving people is very important. A Geographical Information System (GIS) can be used for decreasing response time and management in critical situations. Position estimation in short period of time time is important. This paper proposes a GIS based system for post–earthquake disaster management solution. This system relies on several mobile positioning methods such as cell-ID and TA method, signal strength method, angel of arrival method, time of arrival method and time difference of arrival method. For quick positioning, the system can be helped by any person who has a mobile device. After positioning and specifying the critical points, the points are sent to a central site for managing the procedure of quick response for helping. This solution establishes a quick way to manage the post–earthquake crisis

Evaluating physicians' perspectives on the efficiency and effectiveness of the electronic prescribing system

Background The implementation of the electronic prescribing system follows certain objectives, and users' perspectives can contribute to understanding the efficiency and effectiveness of this system. This study aimed to evaluate physicians' perspectives on the efficiency and effectiveness of the electronic prescribing system. Methods This study was conducted on all physicians using the electronic prescribing system in clinics and hospitals affiliated with the treatment deputy of the Social Security Organization (SSO) in Sistan and Baluchistan Province in Iran. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing three sections: (i) Six items related to demographic data and clinical experience, (ii) Specific questions based on a five-point Likert scale-related physicians' perspectives about efficiency (19 questions) and effectiveness (13 questions), and (iii) Open-ended questions about the positive and negative aspects of using the electronic prescribing system. Results The mean and standard deviation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the electronic prescribing system were 3.68 ± 0.67 and 3.84 ± 0.65, respectively. Patient safety had the highest mean score among all dimensions (4.0 ± 0.64). Most participants (n = 55, 79) considered the efficiency and effectiveness of this system high. More than 90 percent of the physicians (n = 63) believed that the electronic prescribing system enables a better medication prescription by providing alerts and access to patients' medication history. Conclusion The findings showed that most physicians believed that the electronic prescribing system of Iran's SSO has high efficiency and effectiveness. In particular, physicians believed that using this system improves patient safety and reduces costs. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Monitoring of Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with Yellow Sticky Traps

Population fluctuations of adult sweet potato whitefly (Batista tabaci Gennadius) were monitored at the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture,  Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, for a period of four years on a weekly basis from 1st week of January 1993 through December 1996 by using yellow sticky traps. The peer was ubiquitous all round the year as it was found in all the weekly recordings in the four-year study. However; its activity was at peak with large populations from July to October. During 1993, 1994 and 1995 the highest catch of whitefly adults were recorded in the month of September. However, during 1996. the highest catch was recorded in August. Thereafter, whitefly populations started to decrease, fluctuating at lower levels during the other months. The effect of certain weather parameters revealed that the highest adult catches occurred when the maximum temperatures ranged from 32.6 to 40.8°C am the minimum temperatures were 23.7 to 32.0°C. while the maximum relative humidities ranged from 57 to 92% and minimum relative humidities ranged from 13 to 67%. The correlation analyses of four years pooled data revealed that both temperature and relative humidity have positive and significant effect on the activity of the adult whitefly. The ‘r' value for maximum temperature was 0.15. However, the effect of maximum relative humidity was more profound (r = 0.33)

Monitoring of Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with Yellow Sticky Traps

Population fluctuations of adult sweet potato whitefly (Batista tabaci Gennadius) were monitored at the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture,  Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, for a period of four years on a weekly basis from 1st week of January 1993 through December 1996 by using yellow sticky traps. The peer was ubiquitous all round the year as it was found in all the weekly recordings in the four-year study. However; its activity was at peak with large populations from July to October. During 1993, 1994 and 1995 the highest catch of whitefly adults were recorded in the month of September. However, during 1996. the highest catch was recorded in August. Thereafter, whitefly populations started to decrease, fluctuating at lower levels during the other months. The effect of certain weather parameters revealed that the highest adult catches occurred when the maximum temperatures ranged from 32.6 to 40.8°C am the minimum temperatures were 23.7 to 32.0°C. while the maximum relative humidities ranged from 57 to 92% and minimum relative humidities ranged from 13 to 67%. The correlation analyses of four years pooled data revealed that both temperature and relative humidity have positive and significant effect on the activity of the adult whitefly. The ‘r' value for maximum temperature was 0.15. However, the effect of maximum relative humidity was more profound (r = 0.33)

Evaluation of Insecticides and Agril Polyester Cover against Whitefly (Bemisia Tabaci Gennadius) in Tomato Crops

Field experiments were conducted on tomato crops over a two year period to evaluate the efficacy of six insecticides, viz., triazophos, phosphamidon, dimethoate, buprofezin and Aflix (endosulfan + dimethoate) each at 0.05% and Repelin (plant insecticide) at 1% concentration along With a cultural treatment by covering the plants with Agril (a polyester material ) for the control of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The insecticides were applied eight times at weekly interval immediately after transplantation. The whitefly eggs,  nymphal population counts and the per cent incidence of tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) were recorded every week for eight weeks in all the treatments including untreated control. The incidence of whitefly was more severe in the second year (i.e, 1992-93) as compared to the previous season. Among the various treatments, the Agril cover, a newly introduced cultural practice, recorded the least incidence of whitefly and of TLCV. The average of counts of eggs were 0.0 and 5.47 and of nymphs 0.54 and 0.58 per 10 leaflets and TLCV were 4.32% and 4.76% in Agril cover treatment during the first and second year, respectively. Among the insecticides tested only Aflix recorded less incidence of the pest, being 3.46 and 30.4 eggs per 10 leaflets and 0.94 and 5.34 nymphs per 10 leaflets during the two years of study, respectively. The other treatments were less effective in reducing pest and disease incidence. The crop under Agril-cover recorded the maximum yield of 34.57 and 26.15 t/ha of tomatoes as compared to 16.48 and 10.82 t/ha in control during the first and second year, respectively

Expression of Leaf Proteins in Two Cultivars of Bread Wheat under Cadmium and Mercury Stress Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Wheat is an important source of human food. Cadmium and mercury bind to sulfhydryl groups of structural proteins and enzymes and cause inhibition in activity and decrease in protein production or interfere with the regulation of the enzymes. To study the effect of protein expression under different levels of cadmium and mercury, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran. Experimental factors consisted of two Gonbad and Tajan bread what cultivars, heavy metals in seven levels (four concentrations of mercuric chloride in 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM and cadmium chloride at two concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mM) and sampling time after 8 and 16 hours of treatment. The Bradford method was used for quantitative analysis of proteins and 12% SDS-PAGE and two dimensional electrophorese techniques were hired for analysis of their expression. The results showed that under cadmium and mercury stresses, the total protein content increased compared to the control. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins under cadmium stress showed differential expression of the protein spots on the plant leaves, than the control. In general, changes in the expression of proteins under the effect of cadmium stress were divided into two main categories: Spots 9, 10, 13, 14 and 16 belonged to proteins with reduced expression and the spots 1, 2, 8, 19 and 20 belonged to proteins with increased expression, in comparison to non-stressed control. These spots of up regulated proteins were directly related to the defense system against the heavy metal stress