Нейрогенное воспаление: биохимические маркеры, генетический контроль и болезни

Neurogenic inflammation is a pathological process based on bidirectional interactions between cells of the nervous and immune systems as well as on a wide range of biologically active substances.Aim. Basing on scientific publications and information provided in databases, to analyze markers of neurogenic inflammation (biochemical, genetic) and characterize their involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases of various organ systems.Results. Neurogenic inflammation that occurs during the development of various diseases (asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain syndrome, interstitial cystitis, colitis, etc.) is characterized by common stages and pathophysiologically active substances. Mediators released by nerve cells (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive peptide), acting on specific receptors, contribute to mast cell degranulation with the release of a complex of biologically active substances (histamine, tryptase, nerve growth factor, etc.), which activate inflammatory processes. Biologically active substances and receptors significant for the development of neurogenic inflammation are under genetic control. At the same time, there are overlaps of the spectrum of diseases for which importance in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation is proved and an association between variants of neurogenic inflammation genes. This makes it possible to conclude that the course of neurogenic inflammation will depend not only on the etiological factors, but also on the genetic features of key molecules involved in neurogenic inflammation processes. The similarity of the pathogenetic links of neurogenic inflammation (at the genetic and biochemical levels) in various pathologies may underlie the formation of comorbid conditions.Conclusion. Understanding the biochemical and genetic components of the development of neurogenic inflammation is of interest for prevention and treatment of diseases (including comorbid ones) based on this pathological process.  Актуальность. Нейрогенное воспаление представляет собой патологический процесс, в основе которого находятся двунаправленные взаимодействия между клетками нервной и иммунной систем, а также широкий спектр биологически активных веществ.Цель. На основании научных публикаций и информации, представленной в базах данных, проанализировать маркеры нейрогенного воспаления (биохимические, генетические) и охарактеризовать их вовлеченность в патогенез болезней различных систем органов.Результаты. Нейрогенное воспаление, протекающее при развитии различных заболеваний (астма, крапивница, атопический дерматит, псориаз, ревматоидный артрит, болевой синдром, интерстициальный цистит, колит и др.), характеризуется общностью этапов и патофизиологически активных веществ. Выделяемые нервными клетками медиаторы (субстанция Р, кокальцигенин, вазоактивный пептид), воздействуя на специфические рецепторы, способствуют дегрануляции тучных клеток с высвобождением  комплекса биологически активных веществ (гистамин, триптаза, ростовой фактор нервов и др.), которые  активируют воспалительный процесс. Биологически активные вещества и рецепторы, значимые для развития  нейрогенного воспаления, находятся под генетическим контролем. При этом наблюдаются перекрывания спектра заболеваний, для которых доказана значимость в патогенезе нейрогенного воспаления, с одной стороны, и ассоциированность с вариантами генов нейрогенного воспаления – с другой. Это позволяет заключить, что характер течения нейрогенного воспаления будет зависеть не только от этиологических факторов, но и от генетических особенностей ключевых молекул, вовлеченных в процессы нейрогенного воспаления. Общность патогенетических звеньев нейрогенного воспаления (на генетическом и патогенетическом уровнях) при различных патологиях может лежать в основе формирования коморбидных состояний.Заключение. Понимание биохимических и генетических компонент развития нейрогенного воспаления представляет интерес для профилактики и лечения заболеваний (в том числе и коморбидных), в  основе которых лежит данный патологический процесс

Исследования микроспоридий рода Nosema в Томской области (Сибирь): ко-инвазия широко распространена в пчелиных семьях

Microsporidian protozoans Nosema are gut parasites that infect European honeybees (Apis mellifera) worldwide. In the Tomsk region, two species of microsporidia were registered in honeybees (A. mellifera): N. apis and N. ceranae. During the last 6 years, an increase in infections by Nosema in honeybees has been detected in the Tomsk region, while cases of mass bee colony deaths were rare (in 2016, two cases of winter losses of bee colonies in the northern districts of the Tomsk region have been reported by beekeepers). The infestation of bee colonies and apiaries have changed from 0% in 2012 to about 80% in 2016-2017. In 2013-2014, 60.0% of all infected apiaries were infected only with N. apis. In 2015-2017, most of the infected apiaries (52.2%) were infected with both species of microsporidia. Despite the predominance of co-infection in honeybees, replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae is not observed

The relationship of organization Failure Modes and Effects Analysis with the safety quality for Supply Chain Risk Management

Abstract- Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a key component of not only supply success but firm success as well. All Companies aim to achieve the highest level in quantity and quality of their products in the shortest time while preserving the safety of their workers and providing all appropriate conditions for them. Whereas many institutions spend a lot of money to implement international safety and quality standards in order to reach this goal, they continue to suffer from some failures on the level of worker safety and unstable product quality. The presence of the human factor necessarily means the possibility of errors, and these errors naturally have accumulations that may reach even the furthest point in the organization and this leads to an increased possibility of accidents and fluctuations in product quality and waste of time. In view of the common goals and similarities between the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) organization, supply chain risk management, and the effective pivotal role of the FMEA organization in extracting points of failure and errors at the FMEA organization and field levels. Linking them in a way that allows managers to explore errors in the least time possible to remedy its consequences. The relationship between the FMEA organization and product quality management aims to improve performance and improve product quality in the shortest possible time

Use of biomarkers or echocardiography in pulmonary embolism: the Swiss Venous Thromboembolism Registry

Background: Cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography for assessing right ventricular function are recommended to risk stratify patients with acute non-massive pulmonary embolism (PE), but it remains unclear if these tests are performed systematically in daily practice. Design and methods: Overall, 587 patients with acute non-massive PE from 18 hospitals were enrolled in the Swiss Venous Thromboembolism Registry (SWIVTER): 178 (30%) neither had a biomarker test nor an echocardiographic evaluation, 196 (34%) had a biomarker test only, 47 (8%) had an echocardiogram only and 166 (28%) had both tests. Results: Among the 409 (70%) patients with biomarkers or echocardiography, 210 (51%) had at least one positive test and 67 (16%) had positive biomarkers and right ventricular dysfunction. The ICU admission rates were 5.1% without vs. 5.6% with testing (P = 0.78), and thrombolysis or embolectomy were performed in 2.8% vs. 4.9%, respectively (P = 0.25). In multivariate analysis, syncope [odds ratio (OR): 3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-10.15; P = 0.022], tachycardia (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.37-3.91; P = 0.002) and increasing age (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; P < 0.001) were associated with testing of cardiac risk; outpatient status at the time of PE diagnosis (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.49-3.36; P < 0.001), cancer (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.17-2.79; P = 0.008) and provoked PE (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.40; P = 0.029) were associated with its absence. Conclusions: Although elderly patients and those with clinically severe PE were more likely to receive a biomarker test or an echocardiogram, these tools were used in only two-thirds of the patients with acute non-massive PE and rarely in combinatio

Vaccination and Mortality of Patients with a Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): A Global Approach

Aim. The aim is to study the correlation between the vaccination rate (VR) and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 (MpCOV).Methods. The countries with gross domestic product per capita corrected for purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) over $-10,000 were selected for an ecologic study. The city-states and countries with a population of 1,000,000 were excluded. The number of patients who died from COVID-19 within a week was divided by the number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 within a week 20 days earlier to calculate MpCOV.Results. We included 85 countries. VR (r = –0.604; p &lt; 0.001) and GDPpcPPP level (p = 0.202), is an independent determinant of MpCOV. There was no significant difference in MpCOV between groups of countries with VR &lt; 20 % and 20–39 % (1.96 [1.21; 4.67] vs. 1.96 [1.01; 3.36] %; p = 0.464). MpCOV was higher in countries where VR were lower when groups of countries with VR of 20–39 %, 40–59 %, 60–79 %, and ≥80 % were compared (1.96 [1.01; 3.36] vs. 1.11 [0.76; 1.64] vs. 0.50 [0.39; 1.00] vs. 0.16 [0.10; 0.21]; p = 0.003; p = 0.020, and p = 0.008).Conclusions. An increase in VR correlates with a decrease in MpCOV

DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC MARKERS OF GENES IN WORKERS OF COAL MINING ENTERPRISES OF KUZBASS REGION SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC DUST BRONCHITIS

Distribution of genotypes of biochemical markers of HP, GC, EsD, АсР genes, genotypes on polymorphic variants of the genes coding enzymes of biotransformation GSTT1 (GST-ɵ1) and GSTM1 (GST-μ1) and NOS3 (VNTR4 polymorphism) in the miners with chronic mechanic bronchitis, and in persons without this occupational pathology is investigated. It is shown that the owners of EsD 1-2, АсР bb genotypes are most subject to development of chronic mechanic bronchitis. Endogen factors of resistance to this disease are GC 1-1, EsD 1-1, АсР bc genotypes

Elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the location of acute pulmonary embolism. Cross-sectional evaluation in hospital setting

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The location of embolism is associated with clinical findings and disease severity in cases of acute pulmonary embolism. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase increases under oxidative stress-related conditions. In this study, we investigated whether gamma-glutamyl transferase levels could predict the location of pulmonary embolism. DESIGN AND SETTING: Hospital-based cross-sectional study at Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. METHODS : 120 patients who were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism through computed tomography-assisted pulmonary angiography were evaluated. They were divided into two main groups (proximally and distally located), and subsequently into subgroups according to thrombus localization as follows: first group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery; n = 9); second group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery branches; n = 71); third group (thrombus in pulmonary artery segmental branches; n = 34); and fourth group (thrombus in pulmonary artery subsegmental branches; n = 8). RESULTS : Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels on admission, heart rate, oxygen saturation, right ventricular dilatation/hypokinesia, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and cardiopulmonary resuscitation requirement showed prognostic significance in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that gamma-glutamyl transferase level on admission (odds ratio, OR = 1.044; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.011-1.079; P = 0.009) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (OR = 1.063; 95% CI: 1.005-1.124; P = 0.033) remained independently associated with proximally localized thrombus in pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS : The findings revealed a significant association between increased existing embolism load in the pulmonary artery and increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕНТЕРОСОРБЦІЙНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ В КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ ЗРІЛОГО І СЕРЕДНЬОГО ВІКУ З ЛАБОРАТОРНИМИ ПРОЯВАМИ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ

The results of the study parameters of endogenous intoxication syndrome in patients with COPD mature and middle aged after including in the complex therapy of disease enterosorbents enterosgel or karbolayn. Enterosorption marked positive effect on the background of basic therapy of COPD patients, as evidenced was the reduction of middle mass molecules and normalization of erythrocyte index of intoxication.Приведены результаты исследования показателей синдрома эндогенной интоксикации у больных ХОБЛ зрелого и среднего возраста при включении в комплексную терапию заболевания энтеросорбентов энтеросгель или карболайн. Отмечено положительное влияние энтеросорбции на фоне базисной терапии больных ХОБЛ, о чем свидетельствуют уменьшение уровня молекул средней массы и нормализация эритроцитарного индекса интоксикации.Наведено результати дослідження показників синдрому ендогенної інтоксикації у хворих на ХОЗЛ зрілого і середнього віку при включені в комплексну терапію захворювання ентеросорбентів ентеросгель або карболайн. Відзначено позитивний вплив ентеросорбції на фоні базисної терапії хворих на ХОЗЛ, про що свідчать зменшення рівня молекул середньої маси та нормалізація еритроцитарного індексу інтоксикації

Biodiversity surveys of grassland and coastal habitats in 2021 as a documentation of pre-war status in southern Ukraine

Background This paper presents two sampling-event datasets with occurrences of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens collected in May-June 2021 in southern Ukraine. We aimed to collect high-quality biodiversity data in an understudied region and contribute it to international databases and networks. The study was carried out during the 15th Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) Field Workshop in southern Ukraine and the Dark Diversity Network (DarkDivNet) sampling in the Kamianska Sich National Nature Park. By chance, these datasets were collected shortly before the major escalation of the Russian invasion in Ukraine. Surveyed areas in Kherson and Mykolaiv Regions, including established monitoring plots, were severely affected by military actions in 2022. Therefore, collected data are of significant value in the context of biodiversity documentation. The knowledge about the biodiversity of this area will help to assess the environmental impact of the war and plan restoration of the damaged or destroyed habitats. The first preliminary analysis of collected data demonstrates the biodiversity richness and conservation value of studied grassland habitats. New information We provide sampling-event datasets with 7467 occurrences, which represent 708 taxa (vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens) collected in 275 vegetation relevés. Amongst them, vascular plants are represented by 6665 occurrences (610 taxa), lichens - 420 (46) and bryophytes - 381 (51). Several new species were reported for the first time at the national or regional level. In particular, one vascular plant species (Torilis pseudonodosa) and two lichen species (Cladonia conista, Endocarpon loscosii) were new to Ukraine. One vascular plant (Stipa tirsa), two species of bryophytes (Rhynchostegium megapolitanum, Ptychostomum torquescens) and three species of lichens (Cladonia cervicornis, C. symphycarpa, Involucropyrenium breussi) were recorded for the first time for the Kherson Region. Additionally, these datasets contain occurrences of taxa with narrow distribution, specialists of rare habitat types and, therefore, represented by a low number of occurrences in relevant biodiversity databases and particularly in GBIF. This publication highlights the diversity of natural vegetation and its flora in southern Ukraine and raises conservation concerns

Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (the OVID study): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

The OVID study will demonstrate whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in symptomatic ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. The OVID study is conducted as a multicentre open-label superiority randomised controlled trial. Inclusion Criteria 1. Signed patient informed consent after being fully informed about the study's background. 2. Patients aged 50 years or older with a positive test for SARS-CoV2 in the past 5 days and eligible for ambulatory treatment. 3. Presence of respiratory symptoms (i.e. cough, sore throat, or shortness of breath) or body temperature &gt;37.5° C. 4. Ability of the patient to travel to the study centre by private transportation, performed either by an accompanying person from the same household or by the patient themselves 5. Ability to comply with standard hygiene requirements at the time of in-hospital visit, including a face mask and hand disinfectant. 6. Ability to walk from car to study centre or reach it by wheelchair transport with the help of an accompanying person from the same household also complying with standard hygiene requirements. 7. Ability to self-administer prefilled enoxaparin injections after instructions received at the study centre or availability of a person living with the patient to administer enoxaparin. Exclusion Criteria 1. Any acute or chronic condition posing an indication for anticoagulant treatment, e.g. atrial fibrillation, prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute confirmed symptomatic VTE, acute coronary syndrome. 2. Anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis deemed necessary in view of the patient's history, comorbidity or predisposing strong risk factors for thrombosis: a. Any of the following events occurring in the prior 30 days: fracture of lower limb, hospitalization for heart failure, hip/knee replacement, major trauma, spinal cord injury, stroke, b. previous VTE, c. histologically confirmed malignancy, which was diagnosed or treated (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) in the past 6 months, or recurrent, or metastatic, or inoperable. 3. Any clinically relevant bleeding (defined as bleeding requiring hospitalization, transfusion, surgical intervention, invasive procedures, occurring in a critical anatomical site, or causing disability) within 30 days prior to randomization or sign of acute bleeding. 4. Intracerebral bleeding at any time in the past or signs/symptoms consistent with acute intracranial haemorrhage. 5. Haemoglobin &lt;8 g/dL and platelet count &lt;50 x 10 &lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; cells/L confirmed by recent laboratory test (&lt;90 days). 6. Subjects with any known coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis, including known significant liver disease associated with coagulopathy. 7. Severe renal insufficiency (baseline creatinine clearance &lt;30 mL/min calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) confirmed by recent laboratory test (&lt;90 days). 8. Contraindications to enoxaparin therapy, including prior heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and known hypersensitivity. 9. Current use of dual antiplatelet therapy. 10. Participation in other interventional studies over the past 30 days. 11. Non-compliance or inability to adhere to treatment or lack of a family environment or support system for home treatment. 12. Cognitive impairment and/or inability to understand information provided in the study information. Patient enrolment will take place at seven Swiss centres, including five university hospitals and two large cantonal hospitals. Patients randomized to the intervention group will receive subcutaneous enoxaparin at the recommended dose of 4,000 IU anti-Xa activity (40 mg/0.4 ml) once daily for 14 days. Patients randomized to the comparator group will receive no anticoagulation. Primary outcome: a composite of any hospitalization or all-cause death occurring within 30 days of randomization. (i) a composite of cardiovascular events, including deep vein thrombosis (including catheter-associated), pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction/myocarditis, arterial ischemia including mesenteric and extremities, acute splanchnic vein thrombosis, or ischemic stroke within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of randomization; (ii) each component of the primary efficacy outcome, within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of randomization; (iii) net clinical benefit (accounting for the primary efficacy outcome, composite cardiovascular events, and major bleeding), within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of enrolment; (iv) primary efficacy outcome, within 14 days, and 90 days of enrolment; (v) disseminated intravascular coagulation (ISTH criteria, in-hospital diagnosis) within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of enrolment. Patients will undergo block stratified randomization (by age: 50-70 vs. &gt;70 years; and by study centre) with a randomization ratio of 1:1 with block sizes varying between 4 and 8. Randomization will be performed after the signature of the informed consent for participation and the verification of the eligibility criteria using the electronic data capture software (REDCAP, Vanderbilt University, v9.1.24). In this open-label study, no blinding procedures will be used. The sample size calculation is based on the parameters α = 0.05 (2-sided), power: 1-β = 0.8, event rate in experimental group, pexp = 0.09 and event rate in control group, pcon = 0.15. The resulting total sample size is 920. To account for potential dropouts, the total sample size was fixed to 1000 with 500 patients in the intervention group and 500 in the control group. Protocol version 1.0, 14 April 2020. Protocol version 3.0, 18 May 2020 Recruiting start date: June 2020. Last Patient Last Visit: March 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04400799 First Posted: May 26, 2020 Last Update Posted: July 16, 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol