Factores personales y familiares que inciden en la violencia que se suscita en el grado und?cimo del Instituto T?cnico Rafael Garc?a Herreros de la ciudad de Bucaramanga

113 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLa violencia escolar es una problem?tica que afecta diariamente las instituciones educativas. Esta situaci?n est? supeditada a factores extr?nsecos tales como los culturales, pol?ticos, sociales, educativos; y a factores intr?nsecos tales como los personales y familiares, los cuales en conjunto, de forma silenciosa, afectan al joven en la consolidaci?n de su personalidad. Debido a esto, durante la investigaci?n se hace una observaci?n de los estudiantes en su ?mbito escolar, se realiza una revisi?n documental (observador del estudiante), se aplican encuestas y entrevistas a estudiantes y se ejecuta una revisi?n bibliogr?fica con el fin de identificar los factores personales y familiares que suscitan la violencia escolar en el aula de clase de und?cimo grado del Instituto T?cnico Rafael Garc?a Herreros. En la investigaci?n tan solo se indaga en los factores familiares y personales que intervienen en los actos violentos de los j?venes en la escuela, puesto que la familia, es el principal n?cleo de formaci?n de la sociedad, el cual repercute directamente en la consolidaci?n de la personalidad de los ni?os. De igual forma, se quiere indagar sobre la correspondencia entre las relaciones intrapersonales e interpersonales negativas con la presencia de violencia escolar en el aula de clase.ABSTRACT. School violence is a problem that affects daily educational institutions. This situation is committed to extrinsic factors such as cultural, political, social and educational; and intrinsic factors such as personal and family, which together, silently, affect the young in the consolidation of his personality. Therefore, during the investigation, an observation of students in their school environment and a documentary review (student observer) are performed, surveys and interviews with students are applied and a literature review is implemented in order to identify personal and familiar factors that raise school violence in the junior classroom of eleventh grade of the Technical Institute Rafael Garc?a Herreros. The research only explores family and personal factors involved in violent acts of young people in school since the family is the core of society formation, which directly affects the consolidation of personality of children. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate the correspondence between negative intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships with the presence of school violence in the classroom.INTRODUCCI?N 12 1. EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACI?N 14 1.1 CONTEXTO DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 14 1.1.1 Contexto Municipal 14 1.1.2 Contexto Institucional 16 1.1.3 Descripci?n Socio Econ?mica de las Familias 16 1.1.4 Componente Habitacional 19 1.2 PROBLEMA 20 1.2.1 Planteamiento del Problema 20 1.2.2 Formulaci?n del Problema 21 1.3 JUSTIFICACI?N 21 1.4 OBJETIVOS 22 1. 4.1 Objetivo General 22 1.4.2 Objetivos Espec?ficos 22 2 MARCO TE?RICO 23 2.1 REVISI?N DE ANTECEDENTES 23 2.2 MARCO LEGAL 28 2.2.1 Pol?ticas Estatales Sobre la violencia Escolar 28 2.2.2 Ley 1620 del 15 de Marzo de 2013 29 2.2.3 Est?ndares B?sicos de Competencias Ciudadanas 30 2.3 MARCO REFERENCIAL 31 2.3.1 La Violencia Escolar 31 2.3.2 Tipos de Violencia Escolar 34 2.3.3 Otras Formas de Violencia Escolar 35 2.3.4 Actores de la Violencia Escolar 36 2.3.5 Las Relaciones familiares y la Violencia Escolar 37 2.3.6 La Inteligencia Emocional en la Relaci?n con el Entorno 38 3 DISE?O METODOL?GICO 41 3.1 ENFOQUE DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 41 3.2 TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 43 3.3 DESCRIPCI?N DE LA POBLACI?N Y MUESTRA DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 43 3.3.1 Poblaci?n 43 3.3.2 Muestra 44 3.4 T?CNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA RECOLECCI?N DE DATOS 44 3.5 DEFINICI?N OPERACIONAL 44 4 AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 53 4.1 AN?LISIS DE DATOS CUANTITATIVOS 53 4.1.1 Relaciones Familiares o Clima Familiar 53 4.1.2 Conducta Violenta en la Escuela 61 4.1.3 Relaciones Interpersonales e Intrapersonales 64 4.2 AN?LISIS DE DATOS CUALITATIVOS 66 4.3 AN?LISIS DE OBSERVACI?N DOCUMENTAL 69 5 TRIANGULACI?N DE DATOS 72 6 CONCLUSIONES 76 7 PERSPECTIVAS NUEVAS DE INVESTIGACI?N 83 RECOMENDACIONES 84 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR?FICAS 85 ANEXOS 9

Estudio descriptivo de los hábitos alimenticios y del consumo de alcohol en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Alicante

Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de consumo de determinados alimentos y bebidas alcohólicas en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Alicante. Material y métodos. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de datos fue un cuestionario de frecuencias de consumo, aplicado mediante entrevista personal a una muestra accidental de 1250 personas, (692 mujeres y 488 hombres), con un rango de edad de 17-40 años. Constaba de cuatro secciones: 1ª) número de comidas y lugar donde se realizan; 2ª) patrones de consumo de los distintos grupos de alimentos; 3ª) patrones de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, diferenciando lo bebido de lunes a jueves y de viernes a domingo; y 4ª) datos de identificación y demográficos. Resultados. Los datos obtenidos coinciden con los expuestos por otros autores, y muestran que nuestro modelo alimentario se caracteriza por un alto consumo de carnes (=4 veces/semana), adecuada ingesta de huevos (=2,5 v/sem.) e hidratos de carbono complejos (arroz y pastas =4,2 v/sem.), consumo ligeramente inferior al recomendado de frutas (=5,3 v/sem.) e insuficiente de legumbres (=2,2 v:/sem.), verduras y hortalizas frescas (=3,9 v/sem.), y pescados (=2 v/sem.). El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas fue: 2,6 vasos/semana de cerveza, 2,1 v/sem. de combinados, 1,2 v/sem. de licores y 0,8 v/sem. de vino. Los porcentajes de consumidores fueron para la cerveza del 51,1 %, para los combinados del 61,4%, para los licores del 40,9%, y para el vino 18,7%. Los datos señalan que los hombres consumen más bebidas alcohólicas que las mujeres (t=7,79 p<0,001) y que quienes empiezan antes a consumirlas son quienes en mayor cantidad lo hacen (t=-3,17 p<0,001). Conclusiones. Pese a la diferencia existente entre medias de edad y nivel cultural, existe una similitud entre los datos obtenidos en este estudio y el realizado sobre la población de la ciudad de Alicante. Las encuestas alimentarias y de consumo de alcohol realizadas en España son escasas y con diversa metodología, lo que dificulta la comparación de los resultados obtenidos con otros estudios previos

Simple Sonochemical Method to Optimize the Heating Efficiency of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia

We developed a fast, single-step sonochemical strategy for the green manufacturing of magnetite (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), using iron sulfate (FeSO4) as the sole source of iron and sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)) as the reducing agent in an aqueous medium. The designed methodology reduces the environmental impact of toxic chemical compounds and minimizes the infrastructure requirements and reaction times down to minutes. The Na(OH) concentration has been varied to optimize the final size and magnetic properties of the MNPs and to minimize the amount of corrosive byproducts of the reaction. The change in the starting FeSO4concentration (from 5.4 to 43.1 mM) changed the particle sizes from (20 ± 3) to (58 ± 8) nm. These magnetite MNPs are promising for biomedical applications due to their negative surface charge, good heating properties (˜324 ± 2 W/g), and low cytotoxic effects. These results indicate the potential of this controlled, easy, and rapid ultrasonic irradiation method to prepare nanomaterials with enhanced properties and good potential for use as magnetic hyperthermia agents

COVID-19 communication management in Europe: A comparative analyses of the effect of information-seeking in the public’s sense making in Italy, Spain and the UK

Governments around the world have shown poor capabilities in responding effectively to the COVID-19 health emergency outbreaks. After the declaration of COVID-19 as an international pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 31st of January 2020, three countries experienced the greatest initial impact in Europe. Sequentially Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) were hit by the highest numbers of contagion and death in the first few months in Europe. The aim of this paper is to assess how information channels and sources influenced the public’s evaluation of the three government’s communication response strategies. An online survey was conducted between March 14 and April 14, 2020, during the first wave of lockdowns and declarations of States of Emergency in the three countries. Findings show particularities for the different countries, but also similarities in response and reactions of the public in the three scenarios. The response strategy of the UK Government was the most untrusted and criticized by citizens. In contrast the Italian and Spanish Governments, which both chose to respond with the severest restrictions, attracted more support from citizens, especially in Italy, which was the first to close borders and impose lockdowns for the population. Despite the national differences in the preference of information channels and sources, overall, an empirical relationship between government communication assessment and media use were found in all the scenarios. This empirical study has theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, findings will add evidence of implications of the Channel Complementary Theory to the field of risk, crisis and emergency communication. The results also provide insights for communication practitioners in the public sector of how forms of information and trust in sources influence the public’s assessment of authorities’ communication. Implications for theory and empirical research about communication during a health pandemic are identified and discussed

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials : a literature review

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact are defined as oral-cavity eruptions with an identifiable etiology, and are clinically and histologically similar to oral lichen planus. Within this group are found oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials (OLLC), the most common being those related to silver amalgam. Currently, it remains difficult to diagnose these lesions due to the clinical and histopathological similarity with oral lichen planus and other oral mucosa lesions of lichenoid characteristics. In the present paper, we carry out an updated review of the tests for, and the different characteristics of OLLC, which may aid the diagnosis. For this review, we made searches in the Pubmed® and Cochrane® databases. Among the literature we found several published papers, from which we have used review papers, case papers, cohort studies, case and control studies, and a meta-analysis study. After carrying out this review, we can conclude that the diagnosis of these lesions is still difficult and controversial. However, there are different aspects in the clinical presentation, pathological study and results obtained when replacing suspect materials, which, when taken together, may be useful when establishing the final diagnosis of OLLC

Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Jumping, Sprinting and Force-Velocity Profiling in Resistance-Trained Women: A Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the menstrual cycle on vertical jumping, sprint performance and force-velocity profiling in resistance-trained women. A group of resistancetrained eumenorrheic women (n = 9) were tested in three phases over the menstrual cycle: bleeding phase, follicular phase, and luteal phase (i.e., days 1–3, 7–10, and 19–21 of the cycle, respectively). Each testing phase consisted of a battery of jumping tests (i.e., squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump from a 30 cm box [DJ30], and the reactive strength index) and 30 m sprint running test. Two different applications for smartphone (My Jump 2 and My Sprint) were used to record the jumping and sprinting trials, respectively, at high speed (240 fps). The repeated measures ANOVA reported no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.25) in CMJ, DJ30, reactive strength index and sprint times between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. A greater SJ height performance was observed during the follicular phase compared to the bleeding phase (p = 0.033, ES = −0.22). No differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.45) were found in the CMJ and sprint force-velocity profile over the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Vertical jump, sprint performance and the force-velocity profiling remain constant in trained women, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.Pre-competitive Projects for Early Stage Researchers Programme from the University of Granada (ref: PPJIA2020.03

Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Spectrum and Module Temperature on the Performance of Thin Film Modules on Different Sites

The electric behavior under natural sunlight of thin film PV modules is more difficult to predict than that of crystalline silicon ones owing to the higher sensitivity to the spectral distribution of the former when compared with the latter, among some other factors. The purpose of this work is aimed at looking into the influence of the spectral irradiance and the module temperature on the outdoor performance of recent commercially available a- Si, CdTe and a-Si/μc-Si modules in sites with different climates in Spain. This paper is addressed to present the results of a 12-month experimental campaign experienced by modules of these thin film technologies carried out in the utilities of the CIEMAT/DER (Madrid, continental climate) and those of the University of Málaga (Málaga, Mediterranean climate). For each one of the tested specimens, contour graphs of their performance ratio (PR) as a function of module temperature and average photon energy (APE) are shown. A strong dependence of PR on APE is noticeable at module temperatures below some 45º C so that as a general trend, the module performance improves as APE increases. However, the tested a-Si and a-Si/uc-Si modules show little sensitivity to module temperature within some specific ranges of values of APE which lie in the vicinity of the APE value for the AM1.5G spectrum. Last, spectral gains achieved at high values of APE together with cold temperatures yield figures of PR above 1 in some cases

A Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma: Lessons From an Exceptional Case Report

Nowadays, neither imaging nor pathology evaluation can accurately predict the aggressiveness or treatment resistance of pituitary tumors at diagnosis. However, histological examination can provide useful information that might alert clinicians about the nature of pituitary tumors. Here, we describe our experience with a silent corticothoph tumor with unusual pathology, aggressive local invasion and metastatic dissemination during follow-up. We present a 61-year-old man with third cranial nerve palsy at presentation due to invasive pituitary tumor. Subtotal surgical approach was performed with a diagnosis of silent corticotroph tumor but with unusual histological features (nuclear atypia, frequent multinucleation and mitotic figures, and Ki-67 labeling index up to 70%). After a rapid regrowth, a second surgical intervention achieved successful debulking. Temozolomide treatment followed by stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy associated with temozolomide successfully managed the primary tumor. However, sacral metastasis showed up 6 months after radiotherapy treatment. Due to aggressive distant behavior, a carboplatine-etoposide scheme was decided but the patient died of urinary sepsis 31 months after the first symptoms. Our case report shows how the presentation of a pituitary tumor with aggressive features should raise a suspicion of malignancy and the need of follow up by multidisciplinary team with experience in its management. Metastases may occur even if the primary tumor is well controlled.This work was supported by grants from the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación co-funded with Fondos FEDER (PI16/00175 to AS-M and DC) and the Sistema Andaluz de Salud (A-0003-2016 and A-0006-2017 to AS-M, C-0015-2014 and RC-0006-2018 to DC)