Performance of village fowl in Malaysia

Throughout south-east Asia the keeping of indigenous domestic fowl by village communities has been practised for many generations. The custom is likely to continue and remain popular in rural areas. This paper reviews the performance of these fowl in respect of body weight and egg production under intensive and semi-intensive husbandry systems in Malaysia

Effects of choice feeding a completed feed and corn on the performance of broilers

Poultry feeding systems are likely to change for increased efficiency of production. An experiment was conducted to compare the response of broilers to choice feeding of corn with a standard broiler ration. The treatments consisted of providing broiler feed as the only feed (SINGLE FEED) and access to corn as a choice to a complete broiler feed (CHOICE FEEDING). Weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples at the conclusion of the experiment were taken to determine the weight of abdominal fat. Results showed that there was no significant difference in term of liveweight between the two feeding regimes. However, birds given a choice of the broiler feed and corn had better feed efficiency which is reflected by the lower total feed intake. Corn intake was 23.1% of total feed intake in the choice fed birds. In term of carcass colour, birds fed corn as a choice was observed to have a deeper yellow skin colour than the birds fed with broiler feed only

Effects of choice feeding on the performance of village chicken after the peak of egg production

An experiment was carried out with village chicken at the laying stage raised on the semi-intensive system on three feeding treatments with each of 30 birds replicated three times. The three feeding treatments were: layer mash only, layer mash and corn as choices and choices of a high protein concentrate and corn. Feed and protein intake was significantly higher for birds on the layer mash and lower for birds on the choices of a high protein and corn diet. There was no differences in egg production for the birds fed the layer mash either alone or a choice with corn but lower for the birds on the choices of a high protein feed and corn. There was no differences in egg weight and gross efficiency for all treatments. The practice of choice feeding layer mash and corn could be adopted by farmers rearing village chicken under the semi-intensive system due to the lower cost

Effects of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance

A study on the effect of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance was carried out with 600 one day-old Avian broiler chicks. The duration of study was 35 days and a commercially prepared lactobacillus culture was given to the treated birds via drinking water throughout the 35 days. The results showed that the live weight of the treated bird was significantly (P<0.05) improved at 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Feed conversion ratio of the treated bird was significantly (P<O. 05) improved after the first week. The treated bird had a better, but not significantly different, daily live weight gain and total feed intake than the control bird. Probiotic supplementation via drinking water increases the income of the broiler farmer by as much as 11.76 cents/bird

Effects of early feed restriction on the performance of broilers

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of early feed restriction on the performace and abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The treatments consisted of providing feed ad libitum (Full-fed) and three feed restriction treatments of restricting feeding between 8-21 days of age (DOA) either for a duration of 7 days or 14 days. The three feed restriction treatments were Restrict 8-14 DOA, Restrict 8-21 DOA and Restrict 15-21 DOA. Liveweights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples of both male and female broilers broilers were taken at 43 DOA to determine the weight of abdominal fat, liver and gizzards. Feed efficiency was generally improved by feed restriction, but a compensatory gain was not observed in the restricted groups. Broilers on restricted feeding also had lower mortality as compared to the full-fed broilers. There is no effect of early feed restriction on the weight of the abdominal fat and the dressing percentages but the weights of the liver and gizzard were affected by restriction. Also there was an effect of sex on the weights of the abdominal fat, the liver and gizzard of the males and females

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Surat Kabar Radar Lombok Edisi Oktober 2022 Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia (Kajian Sintaksis)

Surat kabar bagian dari media cetak bertujuan menyampaikan informasi kepada pembaca yang ditulis sesuai Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengupas dan mengkaji kesalahan berbahasa surat kabar Radar Lombok 7 edisi Oktober 2022. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kulitatif deskiriptif. Teknik pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah simak yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data dan catat untuk mencatat pemerolehan data. Teknik Validasi data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber/data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif meliputi aktivitas pengumpulan data, reduksi datan penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil dari kajian ini menemukan bahwa kesalahan penulisan pada media cetak siring dilakukan oleh para wartawan, seperi kasalahan pada penulisan huruf kapital dan huruf kecil, kesalahan penulisan kata depan, tidak menggunakan kata baku, tidak menggunakan huruf miring pada bahasa asing yang belum ada padanya dalam bahasa indonesia, salah dalam menulis kata depan dan imbuhan, serta ketidakefektifan dalam menulis kalimat perlu diperkuat pada siswa dan mahasiswa agar mereka bisa menerapkannya dalam keterampilan menulis

Relationship among growth, behaviour and stress response in broilers and red jungle fowl when reared separately or intermingled

Relationship among growth, feeding behaviour, bird-to-bird pecking and stress responses was studied in commercial broilers (CB) and jungle fowl (JF) reared from hatching as separate (S) and intermingled (I) flocks. Body weight on Day 7 was greater for JF in I than S flock but not at other ages. In contrast, intermingling reduced body weight of CB at 7 days of age and thereafter. Percentages of chicks eating were greater for JF in I than S flock at 4 days of age. On Days 23 and 32, feeding occurred with higher frequency in JF than CB. On Day 25 and thereafter, JF reared intermingled, manifested bird-to-bird pecking behaviour towards their CB counterparts. Regardless of I or S flock, bird-to-bird pecking activity, remained relatively low within the JF population. Broiler chicks did not exhibit any ʻdamagingʼ pecking activity. Stress attributed to being pecked was reflected by elevated heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in the intermingled CB. There were, however, no adrenal glands, bursa of Fabricius and spleen relative weights response to the stressor

Disease progression in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is linked to variation in invasion gene family members.

Emerging pathogens undermine initiatives to control the global health impact of infectious diseases. Zoonotic malaria is no exception. Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite of Southeast Asian macaques, has entered the human population. P. knowlesi, like Plasmodium falciparum, can reach high parasitaemia in human infections, and the World Health Organization guidelines for severe malaria list hyperparasitaemia among the measures of severe malaria in both infections. Not all patients with P. knowlesi infections develop hyperparasitaemia, and it is important to determine why. Between isolate variability in erythrocyte invasion, efficiency seems key. Here we investigate the idea that particular alleles of two P. knowlesi erythrocyte invasion genes, P. knowlesi normocyte binding protein Pknbpxa and Pknbpxb, influence parasitaemia and human disease progression. Pknbpxa and Pknbpxb reference DNA sequences were generated from five geographically and temporally distinct P. knowlesi patient isolates. Polymorphic regions of each gene (approximately 800 bp) were identified by haplotyping 147 patient isolates at each locus. Parasitaemia in the study cohort was associated with markers of disease severity including liver and renal dysfunction, haemoglobin, platelets and lactate, (r = ≥ 0.34, p =  <0.0001 for all). Seventy-five and 51 Pknbpxa and Pknbpxb haplotypes were resolved in 138 (94%) and 134 (92%) patient isolates respectively. The haplotypes formed twelve Pknbpxa and two Pknbpxb allelic groups. Patients infected with parasites with particular Pknbpxa and Pknbpxb alleles within the groups had significantly higher parasitaemia and other markers of disease severity. Our study strongly suggests that P. knowlesi invasion gene variants contribute to parasite virulence. We focused on two invasion genes, and we anticipate that additional virulent loci will be identified in pathogen genome-wide studies. The multiple sustained entries of this diverse pathogen into the human population must give cause for concern to malaria elimination strategists in the Southeast Asian region

Kualitas Ciptaan Puisi Siswa Sebagai Bahan Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Kelas VII di SMPN 5 Mataram Pada Semester Genap Tahun ajaran 2012/2013

Puisi merupakan karya sastra yang menggunakan kata sebagai media pengungkapannya. Kata-kata yang digunakan dalam puisi berbeda dengan karya sastra, seperti prosa. Kata dalam puisi lebih berorientasi pada makna konotatif sehingga menimbulkan berbagai tafsiran pada pembaca. Katakata tersebut dapat mencerminkan kualitas hasil karya pengarang maupun penyair. Puisi berkualitas dapat diciptakan oleh siswa melalui bimbingan guru bahasa Indonesia secara intensif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat, (1) menumbuhkan kecintaan siswa dalam pembelajaran sastra khususnya puisi, (2) melatih kepekaan emosional siswa dalam menciptakan puisi, (3) memnfaatkan puisi hasil karya siswa sebagai bahan pembelajaran, (4) memotivasi siswa dalam menciptakan puisi berdasarkan tingkat kemampuannya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara terhadap puisi karya siswa. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan objektif. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori struktural dan teori semiotik. Puisi-puisi yang ciptakan oleh siswa dapat dikatakan sebagai puisi yang berkualitas karena di dalamnya memuat struktur luar, (1) majas simile, personifikasi, hiperbol, (2) pilihan kata dan kata kongkret, (3) citraan pendengaran dan penglihatan (4) bunyi eufony dan cocophony, (5) larik, (6) bait, (7) tipografi, Serta beragam tema yang muncul pada puisi karya siswa kelas VII. Berdasarkan struktur yang muncul pada puisi karya siswa memiliki kelayakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di kelas VII jenjang pendidikan SMP maupun pendidikan sederajat lainny