A study on the effect of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance was carried out with 600 one day-old

Avian broiler chicks. The duration of study was 35 days and a commercially prepared lactobacillus culture was

given to the treated birds via drinking water throughout the 35 days. The results showed that the live weight of

the treated bird was significantly (P<0.05) improved at 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Feed conversion ratio of the

treated bird was significantly (P<O. 05) improved after the first week. The treated bird had a better, but not

significantly different, daily live weight gain and total feed intake than the control bird. Probiotic supplementation

via drinking water increases the income of the broiler farmer by as much as 11.76 cents/bird

A. H., Ramlah

C. K., Tan

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Perlanikaj. Trop. Agric. Sci. 18(2): 109-112(1995) ISSN: 0126-6128© Universiti Peflanian Malaysia PressEffects of Probiotic Supplementation on Broiler PerformanceRAMLAH, A.H. and C.K. TANDepartment of Animal Sciences,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine a.nd Animal Science,Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., MalaysiaKeywords: probiotic, broiler chicken, lactobacilli, perfonnanceABSTRAKSatu kajian mengenai kesan penambahan probiotik ke atas prestasi ayam pedaging telah dijalankan dengan 600ekor anak a)'am pedaging berumur sehari baka Avian. Tempoh kajian ialah selama 35 hmi dan kull'urlaktobasilus komersial telah diberikan kepada ayam rawatan melalui air minuman sepanjang tempoh percubaan.Keputusan kajian menunjukkan pertambahan pencapaian berat badan akhir yang bererti (P<0.05) padakumpulan ayam rawatan pada umur 21, 28 dan 35 hari. Kadar pertukaran makanan unt'uk ayam rawatanjuga menunjukkan pertamhahan prestasi yang bermi (P<O. 05) selepas ayam berumur lehill dan 1 minggu.Kumpulan ayam rawatan mempunyai pertambahan berat badan harian dan jumlah pengamhilan makananyang lebih tinggi da-ripada ayam kawalan tetapi pertambahan ini twak berbeza seeam bermi danpadakmnpulan kawalan. Penggunaan probiotik dalam air minuman akan mening/ro-tkan pendapatan penternakayam pedaging sebanyak 1l.76 sen/ekor ayam.ABSTRACTA study on the effect of probiotic supplementation on broiler peiftmnance was carried out with 600 one day-oldAvian broiler chicks. The duration of study was 35 da)lS and a commercially prepared lactobacillus culture wasgiven to the treated birds via drinking water thmughout the 35 days. The results showed that the live weight ofthe I,·ealed bird was significantly (P<0.05) improved al 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Feed conversion ralio of Ihetreated bird was significantly (P<O. 05) improved after the fint week. The treated bi,·d had a better, but notsiK'lijicantly different, daily live weight gain and total feed intake than the cont'rol bird. Probiotic supplementationvia drinking water increases the income of the broiler farmer by as much as J1.76 cents/b-ird.INTRODUCTIONTIle extensive use of many types of nutritive andnon-nutritive additives in broiler production isinevitable with large scale intensive production.Antibiotics have been used to promote growthrate, improve feed conversion ratio and reducemortality in broiler flocks. However, theextensive use of antibiotics has resulted in theoccurrence of an antibiotic residue problem inpoullry meat and an increase in both theproportion and persistence of antibioticMresistantfaecal bacteria (Smith and Crabb, 1957), aproblem of concern to public health and whichmay affect the exportation of poultry meat andproducts. Thus, a product similar to antibioticswhich maintain good health, improving weightgain and feed conversion ratio in broilers withoutany residue in the meat is highly desirable inbroiler production.Probiotic is defined as a microorganism orsubstance which contributes to the intestinalmicrobial balance (Parker, 1974;Jemingan andMiles, 1985). The inclusion of probiotic topoultt)' diet results in a significant improvementin weight and feed efficiency (Tortuero, 1973;Dilworth and Day, 1978; Adler and DaMassa,1980). Chick mortality decreased from 100 to0% in gnotobiotic chicks fed L. acidophilus eventhough they were challenged with pathogenicE. coli (Watkins et aL, 1982). Recently, a probioticwas introduced into the Malaysian market by afew pharmaceutical companies for the livestockRA."iLAH. A. H. AND C. K TANindustry. Since the majority of research onprobiotics has been concerned with topics otherthan its role as a growth promoter, a study wasconducted to assess its effects on broilerperformance.MATERIALS AND METHODSBroiler Stock and Experimental DesignA total of 600 one day-old chicks (Avian) fromthe Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Hatchery Unitwere reared under the deep litter system withwood shavings as the bedding material. Thebirds were randomly allocated to six pens with100 birds/pen. The control and treated groupswere randomly assigned to the pens with threereplicates each of 100 birds per treatment. Thetreated group was given probiotic (0.15g/300birds or 200,000 viable lactobacilli per bird perday) in the drinking water throughout the 35day experimental period.ProbioticThe prob-iotic used was a commercially preparedfreeze-dried viable lactobacillus culture packedin aluminium sachets. Each sachet contained 5lactobacilli and 4 x 10' (400 million) viablelactobacilli per g. The viability of the lactobacilliwas monitored by isolation of lactobacilli fromthe faeces of birds daily during the first weekand thereafter weekly according to the procedureof Gilliland et al. (1975). The culture mediumused was lactobacillus selective agar (LBS).HusbandryThe broiler house used in this trial was an open-type housing with wire-netting walls and monitorroofing made of asbestos with 8 pens, 6 of whichwere used in this u-ial. The birds were fed fromday 1 to day 21 with a commercially preparedbroiler starter crumble containing 21 % crudeprotein and which from day 22 was graduallychanged to broiler finisher containing 19% crudeprotein. Both feed and water were provided adlibitum. The birds were vaccinated againstNewcastle disease \vith the Newcastle disease (F)vaccine at day 7 and day 26 and against fowl poxat day 26. The wood shavings used as littermaterial were monitored for the presence ofsalmonella (Ellis, 1976).Data CollectionFeed intake and mortality were monitored daily.All the birds in each replicate were weighedweekly. The feed intake, live weight, live weightgain and feed conversion ratio were calculatedon a per bird basis. The data collected wereslatisticaUy analyzed using the SAS computersoftware for srudent-t test. Economic evaluationof the administration of this probiotic was alsocalculated on a per bird basis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTable 1 summarises the perfonnance of thebirds. The effect of probiotic supplementationon broiler production is shmvn to be favourableas birds on probiotic supplementation hadsignificantly higher (P<0.05) live weight at day35 and a better feed conversion ratio than thecontrol. There was no significant difference indaily live weight gain, total feed consumptionand mortality of both groups. Table 2 shows theweekly live weight and weekly feed inlake of thecontrol and treated birds. Although there wasno difference in feed intake benveen treatedbirds and the control birds, birds on the probioticsupplementation had a significantly higher(P<0.05) live weight at day 21,28 and 35. This isin agreement with the findings of Dilworth andDay (1978), Adler and DaMassa (1980) andTortuero (1973), where live weight per birdimproved by as much as 66 g at age 35 days.Improvement in live weight could be ascribed toimproved digestion and absorption of nutrientsin the digestive tract due to the presence ofamylase derived from the lactobacilli. Theimprovement in feed conversion ratio of thetreated birds is an indication that treated birdshad better feed utilization than control birdsdue to the presence of the lactobacilli. Themortality rate of the control and treated groupsduring the brooding period (first three weeks oflife) was 1.67% and 0.67%, respectively. Theoverall mortality rate from day I to day 35 was3% for the control group and 2% for the treatedgroup. Thus, mortality rate for the treatedgroup was not significantly lower than that ofthe control group. Post-mortem and laboratorydiagnoses indicated that two birds from thecontrol group died of colibacillosis, which is inagreement with the fmding by Watkin et aL(1982) and funher strengthens the "NUlmi110 PERTANlKAJ. TROP. AGRIG. SCI. VOL. 18 NO. 21995EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON BROILER PERFORMANCETABLE 1Performance of birds with and without probiotic supplementation (35 days duration)Parameter Conn-ol TreatedInitial weight (g/bird) 39.9 6 0.38' 40.1 6 0.38'Final li\re weight (g/bird) 1411.5 6 14.0' 1477.9 6 8.9'Uveweight gain (g/bird/d) 39.2 6 0.4.1. 41.1 6 0.3.1.Feed intake (g/bird) 2405.8 6 8.4.1. 2346.5 6 14.6'Feed conversion ratio(g feed/g gain) 1. 75 6 0.01' 1.69 6 0.01'Mortality (%)}·3 weeks 1.67' 0.67'1-35 days 2.00' 3.00'ab Means 6 SEM in a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P<O.05)abMeans 6 SEM in a row for the same parameter with different superscripts differ significantly (P<O.05)TABLE 3Economic analysis of probiotic supplementation in broiler dietsParameter Control TreatedCost (sen/bird)ProbioticStarter feed (RL\1746/tonne)Finisher feed (Ri\1728/tonne)TOTALIncome (sen/bird) (RM2.50/kglGross income (sen/bird)Difference bet\\leen treated andcontrol group (sen/bird)o81.4295.68177.11352.84175.7311.762.6680.6998.63181.98369.47187.49PERTANlKAJ. TROP. AGRIC. SCI. VOL 18 NO.2. 1995 IIIRAMlAH, A. H. AND C. K TANconcept" of competitive exclusion of pathogenicIllicroorganism from the gastrointestinal tract ofchickens fed with prabiotie (Nurmi and Rantala,1973; Impey and Mead, 1989)."''hen the price of starter feed and growerfeed was RM746/tonne and RM728/tonne,respectively, and the cost of probiotic was 2.66sen/bird/day; the extra income a farmer will getis 11.76 sen per bird (Table 3). Thus the usageof probiotic may potentially increase the incomeof broiler farmers by 6.7%. This clearly indicatesthat the inclusion of probiotic in the broiler dietcan be profitable. Table 3 shows the analysis ofthe economic advantage of pro bioticsupplementation, ,vith the result that an extraincome of 11.76 sen per bird is achieved ,'lithsupplementation of prabiotie via the drinkingwater.In conclusion, the supplementation of freeze-dried viable culture of lactobacillus or probioticin broiler diet via drinking water showed animprovement in the live weight gain and feedconversion ratio of broilers indirectly providingan extra production margin to the broiler fanner.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors wish to acknowledge the technicalassistance given by A<; Halim Shafie during thecourse of the study.REFERENCESADLER, H.E. and AJ. DA,;.\iASSA. 1980. Effect of in-gested lactobacilli on Salmonella infantis andE~rherichia coli and on intestinal flora, pastedvents and chicks growth. Avian Diseases 24:868-878.DILWORTH, B.C. and EJ. DAY. 1978. Lactobacilluscultures in broiler diets. Poultry Science 57:1101 (Abstract).ELLIS, E.M. 1976. Culture Methods far the Detection ofAnimal Salmonellosis and Arizonosis. The IowaPress, Ames, Iowa. pp 48-54.GILLILAND, S,E., M.L. SPECK and C.G. MORGAN. 1975.Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in feces ofhuman, pigs and chickens. Applied Microbiology30: 541-545.hIPEY, C.S. and G.G. ME.AD. 1989. Fate of Salmonellain the alimentary tract of chicks pretreatedwith a mature cecal microflora to increase thecolonization resistance. Journal ofApplied Bacte-riology 66: 469-475.JERNINGEN, M.A. and RD. MILES. 1985. Probiotic inpOUltry nutrition. Poultry Science 60: 99-107.NURMI, E. and M. RAA'TAIA. 1973. New aspects ofSalmonella infection in broiler production.Nature 241: 210-211.PARKER, R.B. 1974. Probiotic - The other half ofthe antibiotic story. Animal Nutrition Health29: 4-8.SMITH, H.Y\'. and V\T.E. CRABB. 1957. The effect ofthe continuous administration of diets con-taining low levels of tetracyclines on the inci-dence of drug resistance Bacterium coli in thefeces of pigs and chicken: The sensitivity ofthe Bacterium coli to other chemotherapeuticagents. Vet. Rec. 69: 24-32.TORTUERO, F. 1973. Influence of the implantationof Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on growth,feed conversion ratio, malabsorption of fatssyndrome and intestinal flora. Poultr), Science52: 197-203.WATKIK, B.A., F.B. MILLER and D.H. NEIL. 1982. Invivo inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilusagainst Escherichia coli in gnotobiotic chicks.Poultry Science 61: 1298-1308.(Received 17 April 1993; accepted 8 September 1995)112 PERTANIKAJ. TROP. AGRIC. SCI. VOl.. 18 NO.2 1995

Effects of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance

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Effects of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance

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