Die Bedeutung des Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin (CDT) zur Detektion unerkannten Alkoholkonsums auf einer interdisziplinären Intensivstation

Patienten, die postoperativ oder posttraumatisch ein Alkoholentzugssyndrom entwickeln, sind nur schwer zu erkennen. In Relation zu dem anamnestischen Alkoholkonsum, der Blutalkoholkonzentration, einem Alkoholentzugssyndrom und der Aufenthaltsdauer unterschied sich die bei 455 Patienten gemessene gamma-GT und das Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin (CDT) teilweise, das MCV jedoch in allen Gruppen signifikant von den Werten der Kontrollgruppe (p< 0,03). Das CDT, MCV und die gamma-GT erwiesen sich als spezifische Marker eines erhöhten Alkoholkonsums, die sich jedoch mangels Sensitivität nur unzureichend zur Detektion eines Alkoholmissbrauch eignen. Die Parameter korrelierten nicht mit der Liegezeit auf der Intensivstation und der Aufenthaltsdauer im Krankenhaus. Die Diagnose Alkoholabusus sollte daher immer aus anamnestischen, klinischen und labordiagnostischen Daten zusammengestellt werden

Perceptions and Practices in School Social Worker-Teacher Interprofessional Collaboration

School social work requires significant skills for interprofessional collaboration, especially collaboration with teachers. While the value of such skills is increasingly recognized in fields such as healthcare, there has been limited attention to assessing or supporting interprofessional practice in education. This exploratory mixed-methods study analyzed survey data from 264 school social workers across the United States in order to understand their perceptions of teachers as collaborators and their practices relating to collaboration with teachers. Barriers to collaboration were also identified. Data suggested that school social workers had positive perceptions of teachers as collaborators generally, but saw limitations in the training and support of teachers to effectively respond to non-academic concerns; time and support for collaboration were identified as significant barriers to collaborative practice

Phase-Sensitive Vibrational Sum and Difference Frequency-Generation Spectroscopy Enabling Nanometer-Depth Profiling at Interfaces

The unique physical and chemical properties of interfaces are governed by a finite depth that describes the transition from the topmost atomic layer to the properties of the bulk material. Thus, understanding the physical nature of interfaces requires detailed insight into the different structures, chemical compositions, and physical processes that form this interfacial region. Such insight has traditionally been difficult to obtain from experiments, as it requires a combination of structural and chemical sensitivity with spatial depth resolution on the nanometer scale. In this contribution, we present a vibrational spectroscopic approach that can overcome these limitations. By combining phase-sensitive sum and difference frequency-generation (SFG and DFG, respectively) spectroscopy and by selectively determining different nonlinear interaction pathways, we can extract precise depth information and correlate these to specific vibrationally resonant modes of interfacial species. We detail the mathematical framework behind this approach and demonstrate the performance of this technique in two sets of experiments on selected model samples. An analysis of the results shows an almost perfect match between experiment and theory, confirming the practicability of the proposed concept under realistic experimental conditions. Furthermore, in measurements with self-assembled monolayers of different chain lengths, we analyze the spatial accuracy of the technique and find that the precision can even reach the sub-nanometer regime. We also discuss the implications and the information content of such depth-sensitive measurements and show that the concept is very general and goes beyond the analysis of the depth profiles. The presented SFG/DFG technique offers new perspectives for spectroscopic investigations of interfaces in various material systems by providing access to fundamental observables that have so far been inaccessible by experiments. Here, we set the theoretical and experimental basis for such future investigations

Zermelo Navigation and a Speed Limit to Quantum Information Processing

We use a specific geometric method to determine speed limits to the implementation of quantum gates in controlled quantum systems that have a specific class of constrained control functions. We achieve this by applying a recent theorem of Shen, which provides a connection between time optimal navigation on Riemannian manifolds and the geodesics of a certain Finsler metric of Randers type. We use the lengths of these geodesics to derive the optimal implementation times (under the assumption of constant control fields) for an arbitrary quantum operation (on a finite dimensional Hilbert space), and explicitly calculate the result for the case of a controlled single spin system in a magnetic field, and a swap gate in a Heisenberg spin chain

Low-density star cluster formation: Discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247

The classical globular clusters found in all galaxy types have half-light radii of rh ~2-4 pc, which have been tied to formation in the dense cores of giant molecular clouds. Some old star clusters have larger sizes, and it is unclear if these represent a fundamentally different mode of low-density star cluster formation. We report the discovery of a rare, young \u27faint fuzzy\u27 star cluster, NGC 247-SC1, on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247 in the nearby Sculptor group, and measure its radial velocity using Keck spectroscopy. We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure the cluster half-light radius of rh ≃ 12 pc and a luminosity of LV ≃ 4 × 105Lθ. We produce a colour-magnitude diagram of cluster stars and compare to theoretical isochrones, finding an age of ≃300 Myr, a metallicity of [Z/H] ~-0.6 and an inferred mass of M∗ ≃ 9 × 104Mθ. The narrow width of blue-loop star magnitudes implies an age spread of ≲50 Myr, while no old red-giant branch stars are found, so SC1 is consistent with hosting a single stellar population, modulo several unexplained bright \u27red straggler\u27 stars. SC1 appears to be surrounded by tidal debris, at the end of an ∼2 kpc long stellar filament that also hosts two low-mass, low-density clusters of a similar age. We explore a link between the formation of these unusual clusters and an external perturbation of their host galaxy, illuminating a possible channel by which some clusters are born with large sizes

Extendibility of bilinear forms on banach sequence spaces

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