Selective attention to conditioned stimuli in human discrimination learning: Untangling the effect of outcome prediction, valence, arousal and uncertainty

What are the neural mechanisms underlying this ability? Are they the same in humans as in other animals? And what are the consequences of damage to this attentional system? These are the questions that this book aims to answer.The preparation of this manuscript was supported by a MRC new investigator award to Lee Hogarth (G0701456)

Leveraging Self-Supervised Training for Unintentional Action Recognition

Unintentional actions are rare occurrences that are difficult to defineprecisely and that are highly dependent on the temporal context of the action.In this work, we explore such actions and seek to identify the points in videoswhere the actions transition from intentional to unintentional. We propose amulti-stage framework that exploits inherent biases such as motion speed,motion direction, and order to recognize unintentional actions. To enhancerepresentations via self-supervised training for the task of unintentionalaction recognition we propose temporal transformations, called TemporalTransformations of Inherent Biases of Unintentional Actions (T2IBUA). Themulti-stage approach models the temporal information on both the level ofindividual frames and full clips. These enhanced representations show strongperformance for unintentional action recognition tasks. We provide an extensiveablation study of our framework and report results that significantly improveover the state-of-the-art.<br

Geomagnetic jerks characterization via spectral analysis

In this study we have applied spectral techniques to analyze geomagnetic field time-series provided by observatories, and compared the results with those obtained from analogous analyses of synthetic data estimated from models. Then, an algorithm is here proposed to detect the geomagnetic jerks in time-series, mainly occurring in the eastern component of the geomagnetic field. Applying such analysis to time-series generated from global models has allowed us to depict the most important space-time features of the geomagnetic jerks all over the globe, since the beginning of XXth century. Finally, the spherical harmonic power spectrum of the third derivative of the main geomagnetic field has been computed from 1960 to 2002.5, bringing new insights to understand the spatial evolution of these rapid changes of the geomagnetic field

Світовий досвід реалізації проектів державно-приватного партнерства у сфері наукової та інноваційної діяльності

У статті розглянуто основні підходи до застосування державно-приватного партнерства, сформовані у світовій практиці. Узагальнено ознаки ДПП, які дадуть змогу імплементувати позитивні практики використання ДПП в активізації інноваційних зрушень в Україні. Проаналізовано досвід реалізації проектів ДПП у США та країнах ЄС. Визначено ключову роль підтримки проектів ДПП у сфері інновацій із боку уряду та переваги налагодження партнерства між державою та приватним бізнесом для забезпечення інноваційного розвитку національної економіки. (The article considers the main world practice approaches of public-private partnership application. In most countries of the world, the partnership between business and the state is embodied in public-private partnership projects (PPP). At the level of PPP projects, partnerships are seen as the foundation of scientific and innovation activities that stimulates investment in the field of research and development. The dissemination of PPPs for innovation activities enables them to attract significant investment resources to implement promising projects and reduce the burden on the State Budget of Ukraine. The generalization of the world experience of the public-private partnership realization in the field of scientific and innovative activities enables to implement positive practices of using the main forms of PPP in Ukraine to provide innovation development. The experience of the PPP projects realization in the USA and EU countries is analyzed. Analysis of the leading countries' experience shows that in the innovation policy (reflecting the processes of expansion and complication of cooperation forms between the state and business) the forms of public-private partnership vary, but there is a clear tendency of increasing the impact of PPPs on stimulating the innovation activity. It is noted that public-private partnership should be regarded as an instrument of innovation development on the basis of voluntary, equal cooperation between the state and business in the field of research and development. This form of interaction provides a clear distribution of benefits, costs, responsibilities and risks in order to implement projects and programs for production of socially necessary products and services. The key role of supporting PPP projects in the field of innovation by the government and the advantages of establishing a partnership between the state and private business for ensuring innovation development of the national economy are determined.

Two geomagnetic regional models for Albania and south-east Italy from 1990 to 2010 with prediction to 2012 and comparison with IGRF-11

Here we present a revised geomagnetic reference model for the region comprising Albanian territory, south-east part of Italian Peninsula and Ionian Sea from 1990 to 2010 with prediction to 2012. This study is based on the datasets of magnetic measurements taken during different campaigns in Albania and Italy in the time of concern, together with a total intensity data set from the Ørsted and CHAMP satellite missions. The model is designed to represent the Cartesian components, X, Y, Z and the total intensity F of the main geomagnetic field (and its secular variation) for the period of interest. To develop the model, we applied a Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis (SCHA) of the geomagnetic potential over a 16° cap with most of the observations concentrated in the central 4° half-angle. The use of a larger cap than that containing the data was made to reduce the typical problems in SV modelling over small regions. Also a new technique, called ``Radially Simplified Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis" (RS-SCHA), was developed to improve the model especially in the radial variation of the geomagnetic field components. Both these models provide an optimal representation of the geomagnetic field in the considered region compared with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF-11) and can be used as reference models to reduce magnetic surveys undertaken in the area during the time of validity of the model, or to extrapolate the field till 2012

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО САМООПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-СПОРТСМЕНОВ

The article is devoted to the problems of socio-professional personal identityof prospective sportsmen trained in higher institutions. The aim of this research is to determine the problems of socio-professional personal identity of prospective sportsmen.The authors pay attention to the problem of new theoretical realization of the notion “socio-professional personal identity of prospective sportsmen” which contributes to the theory of professional identity of the students and empirical studying of the personal problems related to socio-professional identity of the top-class athletes.The authors applied the following scientific methods asstudying of the status of professional identity, studying of values in the career “A career anchor”, studying of training motivation and questionnaires. The research involved 110 prospective sportsmen aged17-21.The research resulted in revealing the problems of socio-professional identity of prospective sportsmen.Статья посвящена исследованию проблем социально-профессионального самоопределения студентов-спортсменов образовательной организации спортивной направленности.Цель данного исследования - выявление проблем социально-профессионального самоопределения студентов-спортсменов.В статье авторами актуализируется проблема нового теоретического осмысления понятия «социально-профессиональное самоопределение студента-спортсмена», которое вносит вклад в теорию профессионального самоопределения студенческой молодежи, а также эмпирического изучения личностно значимых проблем социально-профессионального самоопределения студентов-спортсменов высокого класса.Для исследованияпроблем социально-профессионального самоопределения студентов-спортсменовиспользовался следующий диагностический инструментарий:изучение статуса профессиональной идентичности, изучение ценностных ориентаций в карьере «Якорь карьеры», изучение мотивации обучения, а также анкетирование.В исследовании принимали участие 110 студентов-спортсменовв возрасте 17-21 год.По результатам проведенного исследования были выявлены проблемы социально-профессионального самоопределения студентов-спортсменов

Higgs Sector of the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model

We perform an exhaustive analysis of the most general Higgs sector of the minimal left-right symmetric model (MLRM). We find that the CP properties of the vacuum state are connected to the Higgs spectrum: if CP is broken spontaneously, the MLRM does not approach the Standard Model in the limit of a decoupling left-right symmetry breaking scale. Depending on the size of the CP phases scenarios with extra non-decoupling flavor-violating doublet Higgses or very light SU(2) triplet Higgses emerge, both of which are ruled out by phenomenology. For zero CP phases the non-standard Higgses decouple only if a very unnatural fine-tuning condition is fulfilled. We also discuss generalizations to a non-minimal Higgs sector.Comment: brief discussion of non-minimal Higgs sectors added, journal versio

Alcohol affects neuronal substrates of response inhibition but not of perceptual processing of stimuli signalling a stop response

Alcohol impairs inhibitory control, including the ability to terminate an initiated action. While there is increasing knowledge about neural mechanisms involved in response inhibition, the level at which alcohol impairs such mechanisms remains poorly understood. Thirty-nine healthy social drinkers received either 0.4g/kg or 0.8g/kg of alcohol, or placebo, and performed two variants of a Visual Stop-signal task during acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The two task variants differed only in their instructions: in the classic variant (VSST), participants inhibited their response to a “Go-stimulus” when it was followed by a “Stop-stimulus”. In the control variant (VSST_C), participants responded to the “Go-stimulus” even if it was followed by a “Stop-stimulus”. Comparison of successful Stop-trials (Sstop)>Go, and unsuccessful Stop-trials (Ustop)>Sstop between the three beverage groups enabled the identification of alcohol effects on functional neural circuits supporting inhibitory behaviour and error processing. Alcohol impaired inhibitory control as measured by the Stop-signal reaction time, but did not affect other aspects of VSST performance, nor performance on the VSST_C. The low alcohol dose evoked changes in neural activity within prefrontal, temporal, occipital and motor cortices. The high alcohol dose evoked changes in activity in areas affected by the low dose but importantly induced changes in activity within subcortical centres including the globus pallidus and thalamus. Alcohol did not affect neural correlates of perceptual processing of infrequent cues, as revealed by conjunction analyses of VSST and VSST_C tasks. Alcohol ingestion compromises the inhibitory control of action by modulating cortical regions supporting attentional, sensorimotor and action-planning processes. At higher doses the impact of alcohol also extends to affect subcortical nodes of fronto-basal ganglia- thalamo-cortical motor circuits. In contrast, alcohol appears to have little impact on the early visual processing of infrequent perceptual cues. These observations clarify clinically-important effects of alcohol on behaviour

Left-right symmetry in 5D and neutrino mass in TeV scale gravity models

We construct a left-right symmetric model based on the gauge group $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{B-L}$ in five dimensions where both the gauge bosons and fermions reside in all five dimensions. The orbifold boundary conditions are used not only to break the gauge symmetry down to $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y\times U(1)_{Y'}$ but also to ``project'' the right handed neutrino out of the zero mode part of the spectrum, providing a new way to understand the small neutrino masses without adding (singlet) bulk neutrinos. This formulation of the left-right model has also two new features: (i) it avoids most existing phenomenological bounds on the scale of the right handed $W_R$ boson allowing for the possibility that the right handed gauge bosons could have masses under a TeV, and (ii) it predicts a stable lepton with mass of order of the inverse radius of the fifth dimension.Comment: 20 pages; some new materials and references adde

Urgent endovascular ligature of a ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with acute pancreatitis : a case report

Introduction: We report on the successful endovascular treatment of a ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. Our patient had acute pancreatitis superimposed on chronic calcific pancreatitis and chronic renal impairment. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was used to assess post-embolization results. Case presentation: Our patient was a 67-year-old white Caucasian man with recurrent pancreatitis. Computed tomography angiography showed a pancreatic pseudocyst with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm, which was successfully embolized using an endovascular percutaneous approach. At six months, persistent renal failure led to contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. This confirmed the absence of turbulent blood flow and extravasation of contrast medium in the pseudocyst. Conclusion: Our experience with this case leads us to support the role of interventional radiology as a first-line treatment tool. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be used to follow-up embolization procedures in patients with impaired renal function