Features of medical implant passivation using anodic oxide films

The passivation ability of metals from groups IV and V of the Periodic Table is considered. Anodic treatment is able to neutralize the increase of metal hardening when comminuting grains to nanometre sizes. The deposition of metal oxide film coatings on a cobalt–chromium alloy surface results in substantial passivation of its surface and prevents cobalt and chromium accumulation in bone tissues. The decrease of surface activity of titanium implants can be achieved both by cleaning the surface during vacuum annealing before oxidation and by the increase of the anodic oxide film thickness, which limits mass and charge transfer through the implant surface. Recommended titanium implant treatment regimens are vacuum annealing at 650 °C and anodic oxidation to attain an oxide thickness less or equal to 300 nm

Diamond biocompatible coatings for medical implants

New carbon (diamond-like) nanocomposite coatings deposited from a C60 ionic beam can be used as a wear-resistant protective coating for implants. It was found that these coatings enhance resistance to тelectrochemical corrosion processes due to a shift of the material’s electrode potential to a zone of positive values. They also promote a complex of reparative, adaptative and compensatory reorganization that accelerates the healing processes in the vicinity of the implant

Stimulation of calcium phosphate crystal formation by implant surfaces with electret properties

Oxide coatings with electret properties are investigated. The possibility of stimulation of the formation of calcium phosphate sediments near the electroactive surface is discussed. The exposure of implants with such coatings to solutions imitating blood plasma showed their high efficiency of biointegration due to activation of an exchange processes in living tissues by a negative superficial charge. The revealed effect amplifies with the growth of the thickness of the anodic oxide film

Properties of magnetron hydroxyapatite coatings deposited on oxidized substrates

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating were formed on oxidized niobium surfaces by the highfrequency magnetron sputtering method using hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate targets. The structure, substructure and mechanical properties of the Nb–Nb2O5–HA system were investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation and the stress state was assessed. The synthesized hydroxyapatite film had the following characteristics: thermal expansion coefficient 10–5 K–1; modulus of elasticity 120 GPa; adhesive strength not less than 0.45 kg/mm2; density 2900 kg/m3. The stress magnitude in the metal oxide substrate was from 11 to 14 MPa after hydroxyapatite film deposition

Zeldovich flow on cosmic vacuum background: new exact nonlinear analytical solution

A new exact nonlinear Newtonian solution for a plane matter flow superimposed on the isotropic Hubble expansion is reported. The dynamical effect of cosmic vacuum is taken into account. The solution describes the evolution of nonlinear perturbations via gravitational instability of matter and the termination of the perturbation growth by anti-gravity of vacuum at the epoch of transition from matter domination to vacuum domination. On this basis, an `approximate' 3D solution is suggested as an analog of the Zeldovich ansatz.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure

Pedagogical conditions of primary drug abuse prevention among students of a higher education institution

The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the fact that being one of the least adapted and socially unprotected groups, young people bear the impress of general social uncertainty, lack of confidence and uneasiness, as a result of it, drug addiction problems among young people are pushed into the forefront among social-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical problems. The purpose of the presented article consists in theoretical reasons, development experimental and research check of a complex of the pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of primary prevention of drug addiction among students of a higher education institution. The leading method to a research of this problem is the modeling method that enables to consider this problem as a purposeful and organized process of creation of the pedagogical conditions necessary for effective primary prevention of drug addiction among students of a higher education institution. The complex of the pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of process of primary drug abuse prevention is presented in the article. It consists of the pedagogical analysis of the reasons of a drug abuse, detection of specifics of a drug abuse of youthful age, the choice and use of the methods and agents of primary prophylaxis of a youth drug abuse, development of a special course for training of specialists which are carrying out activities for prophylaxis of the drug habit at educational organizations. The complex of pedagogical conditions is focused on the process organization of drug abuse prevention among students and focused on development of methodical ensuring process of training of the teachers who are carrying out activities for drug abuse prevention in educational organizations. The materials of article can be useful to teachers of higher education institutions and colleges participating in the organization and carrying out preventive measures of a drug addiction, and also to the listeners, graduates of military academies, and practical staffof Department of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation who are interested in drug addiction problems. © Authors

Стратегии жителей региональных городов в практиках жилищного обустройства (на примере городов Кирова, Нижнего Новгорода и Казани)

Анализируются результаты авторского эмпирического исследования повседневных социально-экономических практик населения региональных городов Приволжского федерального округа по улучшению своих жилищных условий. Изучение поведения горожан в жилищной сфере необходимо для решения острейших социальных проблем, связанных с углубляющейся поляризацией населения, демографическим кризисом, трудовой миграцией. Авторы предприняли попытку выяснить, насколько включены в стратегии жилищного обустройства горожан легальные механизмы улучшения жилищных условий, оценить интенсивность и разнообразие жилищных планов и практик населения. Эмпирическим материалом исследования служат данные опроса жителей трех региональных городов методом маршрутизированного поквартирного интервью и серии из восьми открытых групповых дискуссий с различными категориями населения. С использованием методов многомерной статистики было выделено несколько групп горожан по критерию жилищных потребностей и практик их удовлетворения. Определены характерные стратегии поведения в жилищной сфере, которые обозначены как стратегия выживания (вынужденного либо мотивированного отказа от жилищного обустройства), стратегия обеспечения микрокомфорта и престижного потребления. В целом стратегии жилищного обустройства горожан коррелируют с экономическим развитием регионов и состоянием жилищного фонда, однако в каждом городе есть кластеры граждан, способные выступать "локомотивом" и "тормозом" развития жилищной сферы, что позволяет в дальнейшем проводить исследования с позиции жилищной стратификации. По результатам анализа прослеживается тенденция смены способов улучшения жилищных условий в сторону снижения патерналистстких ожиданий и увеличения доли рыночных приобретений с использованием помощи родственников, собственных накоплений и кредитных финансовых инструментов

Letters from the Front and Memoires in a Museum Exhibition as the Means of Commemoration and Formation of Historical Memory

The article researches the process of historical memory formation and the role of museum spaces in it. The authors consider the use of letters from the front as the means of commemoration. The issues of commemoration and re-commemoration, museum reflection and its influence on historical memory are studied. Special attention is paid to museumification of front letters and memoires of war workers. The authors consider the new possibilities of using them in museum displays using multimedia technologies, emphasizing the higher accessibility of the letters’ content in multimedia. The research novelty consists in the cross-disciplinary view of a historical source through the prism of museum space. The authors show the properties and possibilities of narrative sources which are now available due to modern technologies. The unpublished ego-documents (private letters and memoires) from museum funds were studied and described. The research topicality is due to identification of the influence of written museum exhibits on the formation and socialization of historical memory. It is proved that the personal materials in a museum display using modern technical opportunities enhance the informative effect, stimulating commemoration and facilitating the formation of historical memory. The article employs the experience of fund, exhibition and excursion work of the Museum of the history of Gorky railroad development