The Expression of width and Colour Plane in the Sur Karakul Lambs of Different Colours

The results of research into similar and distinctive features in the study of curl breadth and color consistency of karakul lambs of harsh diamond and silver coloration are presented in this article

Energy-efficient LED irradiator for greenhouse cropping

The paper presents the results of modeling and calculation of highly directional optimal light intensity curve (LIC). The authors proved the effectiveness of using the calculated LIC for lighting of greenhouse plants. A method for placing fixtures with LIC in a typical greenhouse was recommended

In silico identification of genes involved in selenium metabolism: evidence for a third selenium utilization trait

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Selenium (Se) is a trace element that occurs in proteins in the form of selenocysteine (Sec) and in tRNAs in the form of selenouridine (SeU). Selenophosphate synthetase (SelD) is required for both utilization traits. However, previous research also revealed SelDs in two organisms lacking Sec and SeU, suggesting a possible additional use of Se that is dependent on SelD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we conducted comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses to characterize genes involved in Se utilization. Candidate genes identified included SelA/SelB and YbbB that define Sec and SeU pathways, respectively, and NADH oxidoreductase that is predicted to generate a SelD substrate. In addition, among 227 organisms containing SelD, 10 prokaryotes were identified that lacked SelA/SelB and YbbB. Investigation of <it>selD </it>neighboring genes in these organisms revealed a SirA-like protein and two hypothetical proteins HP1 and HP2 that were strongly linked to a novel Se utilization. With these new signature proteins, 32 bacteria and archaea were found that utilized these proteins, likely as part of the new Se utilization trait. Metabolic labeling of one organism containing an orphan SelD, <it>Enterococcus faecalis</it>, with ⁷⁵Se revealed a protein containing labile Se species that could be released by treatment with reducing agents, suggesting non-Sec utilization of Se in this organism.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These studies suggest the occurrence of a third Se utilization trait in bacteria and archaea.</p

UGA codon position-dependent incorporation of selenocysteine into mammalian selenoproteins

It is thought that the SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS) element and UGA codon are sufficient for selenocysteine (Sec) insertion. However, we found that UGA supported Sec insertion only at its natural position or in its close proximity in mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1). In contrast, Sec could be inserted at any tested position in mammalian TR3. Replacement of the 3′-UTR of TR3 with the corresponding segment of a Euplotes crassus TR restricted Sec insertion into the C-terminal region, whereas the 3′-UTR of TR3 conferred unrestricted Sec insertion into E. crassus TR, in which Sec insertion is normally limited to the C-terminal region. Exchanges of 3′-UTRs between mammalian TR1 and E. crassus TR had no effect, as both proteins restricted Sec insertion. We further found that these effects could be explained by the use of selenoprotein-specific SECIS elements. Examination of Sec insertion into other selenoproteins was consistent with this model. The data indicate that mammals evolved the ability to limit Sec insertion into natural positions within selenoproteins, but do so in a selenoprotein-specific manner, and that this process is controlled by the SECIS element in the 3′-UTR

Evaluation of the effect of led irradiator spectral content on the development of greenhouse plants

The work presents the results of an experiment studying the effect of radiation spectral content (considering its equal intensity in terms of photosynthetically active radiation) on the growth and development of greenhouse model plants. The results demonstrate that the effective development of model subjects requires the adaptation of radiation spectral content according to the growth period and plant type, unlike the illumination level. The obtained results demonstrate the necessity of the creation of adaptive irradiation unit

The influence of diverse optical wavelengths on growth rate of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae

The effect of different optical wavelengths on growth and development of microalgae had been examined repeatedly. Many articles had been published over the subject, although the results of these investigations were frequently controversial. Depending on the number of days spent on cultivation process, yield gain could be both significant and barely noticeable. Also, irradiation intensity plays vital part in microalgae functioning

Adjustments, extinction, and remains of selenocysteine incorporation machinery in the nematode lineage

This article is distributed exclusively by the RNA Society for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date. After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International).Selenocysteine (Sec) is encoded by an UGA codon with the help of a SECIS element present in selenoprotein mRNAs. SECIS-binding protein (SBP2/SCBP-2) mediates Sec insertion, but the roles of its domains and the impact of its deficiency on Sec insertion are not fully understood. We used Caenorhabditis elegans to examine SBP2 function since it possesses a single selenoprotein, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TRXR-1). All SBP2 described so far have an RNA-binding domain (RBD) and a Secincorporation domain (SID). Surprisingly, C. elegans SBP2 lacks SID and consists only of an RBD. An sbp2 deletion mutant strain ablated Sec incorporation demonstrating SBP2 essentiality for Sec incorporation. Further in silico analyses of nematode genomes revealed conservation of SBP2 lacking SID and maintenance of Sec incorporation linked to TRXR-1. Remarkably, parasitic plant nematodes lost the ability to incorporate Sec, but retained SecP43, a gene associated with Sec incorporation. Interestingly, both selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) genes are absent in plant parasitic nematodes, while only Cys-containing SPS2 is present in Sec-incorporating nematodes. Our results indicate that C. elegans and the nematode lineage provide key insights into Sec incorporation and the evolution of Sec utilization trait, selenoproteomes, selenoproteins, and Sec residues. Finally, our study provides evidence of noncanonical translation initiation in C. elegans, not previously known for this well-established animal model.This work was supported by Universidad de la República, Uruguay (Grant Number 418 to G.S., PhD fellowship to L.O.); Asociación Española de Cooperación Internacional (C/7646/07 to A.M.-V. and G.S.; A/016083/08 to A.M.-V. and G.S.); Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Posgrado and Agencia Nacional de Innovación e Investigación (BE_POS_2009_183 and BE_POS_2010_2160 to L.O.), and was partially funded by FOCEM (MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund), [COF 03/11].Peer Reviewe

First mesogenic derivative of boron difluoride β-enaminoketonate

Boron difluoride complexes possessing liquid crystalline and luminescent properties were synthesized for the first time on the basis of non-mesogenic β-enaminoketones. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Regulation of Selenocysteine Content of Human Selenoprotein P by Dietary Selenium and Insertion of Cysteine in Place of Selenocysteine

Selenoproteins are a unique group of proteins that contain selenium in the form of selenocysteine (Sec) co-translationally inserted in response to a UGA codon with the help of cis- and trans-acting factors. Mammalian selenoproteins contain single Sec residues, with the exception of selenoprotein P (SelP) that has 7–15 Sec residues depending on species. Assessing an individual’s selenium status is important under various pathological conditions, which requires a reliable selenium biomarker. Due to a key role in organismal selenium homeostasis, high Sec content, regulation by dietary selenium, and availability of robust assays in human plasma, SelP has emerged as a major biomarker of selenium status. Here, we found that Cys is present in various Sec positions in human SelP. Treatment of cells expressing SelP with thiophosphate, an analog of the selenium donor for Sec synthesis, led to a nearly complete replacement of Sec with Cys, whereas supplementation of cells with selenium supported Sec insertion. SelP isolated directly from human plasma had up to 8% Cys inserted in place of Sec, depending on the Sec position. These findings suggest that a change in selenium status may be reflected in both SelP concentration and its Sec content, and that availability of the SelP-derived selenium for selenoprotein synthesis may be overestimated under conditions of low selenium status due to replacement of Sec with Cys

Движение вагона на сортировочной горке при попутном ветре

Mathematical modeling of the first intermediate section of a hump yard at the impact on the car of tail wind of small value is presented. The applied method is D'Alembert principle in coordinate form with non-ideal bond. Simple in appearance, analytical formulas were obtained for determining time of car movement at a hump yard, according to the value of which speed of its rolling into the end of the settlement area is determined. It was revealed that the time, during which the car rolling at this section of the hump yard depends on inclination angle, initial speed and acceleration of the car, as well as controlled length of movement.Математическое моделирование первого промежуточного участка сортировочной горки при воздействии на вагон попутного ветра малой величины. Метод - принцип Даламбера в координатной форме с неидеальной связью. Получены простые на вид аналитические формулы для определения времени движения вагона на горке, по величине которой находится значение скорости его скатывания в конце расчетного участка. Выявлено, что время, в течение которого происходит скатывание вагона на этом участке горки, зависит от угла наклона, начальной скорости и ускорения вагона, а также контролируемой длины движения