Investigación de las ideas de los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria sobre la corriente eléctrica

This paper deals with the ideas on electric current of secondary education (BUP and COU) students who have been given traditional tuition. The study was based on operi-choice questionnaires, word-choice tests and concept trees. The results obtained show that the students' experiential and environmental models acquired from their everyday physical and social experience are preserved throughout their secondary education. However, their vocabulary gradually conforms to the cscientific model» of electric current

Microalgal biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production: a review

Biofuels derived from microalgae biomass have received a great deal of attention owing to their high potentials as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Microalgae have a high capacity of CO2 fixation and depending on their growth conditions, they can accumulate different quantities of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Microalgal biomass can, therefore, represent a rich source of fermentable sugars for third generation bioethanol production. The utilization of microalgal carbohydrates for bioethanol production follows three main stages: i) pretreatment, ii) saccharification, and iii) fermentation. One of the most important stages is the pretreatment, which is carried out to increase the accessibility to intracellular sugars, and thus plays an important role in improving the overall efficiency of the bioethanol production process. Diverse types of pretreatments are currently used including chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological, and their combinations, which can promote cell disruption, facilitate extraction, and result in the modification the structure of carbohydrates as well as the production of fermentable sugars. In this review, the different pretreatments used on microalgae biomass for bioethanol production are presented and discussed. Moreover, the methods used for starch and total carbohydrates quantification in microalgae biomass are also briefly presented and compared.CONACYT -Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Brca1 Alternative Splicing Landscape In Breast Tissue Samples

Background: BRCA1 is a key protein in cell network, involved in DNA repair pathways and cell cycle. Recently, the ENIGMA consortium has reported a high number of alternative splicing (AS) events at this locus in blood-derived samples. However, BRCA1 splicing pattern in breast tissue samples is unknown. Here, we provide an accurate description of BRCA1 splicing events distribution in breast tissue samples. Methods: BRCA1 splicing events were scanned in 70 breast tumor samples, 4 breast samples from healthy individuals and in 72 blood-derived samples by capillary electrophoresis (capillary EP). Molecular subtype was identified in all tumor samples. Splicing events were considered predominant if their relative expression level was at least the 10% of the full-length reference signal. Results: 54 BRCA1 AS events were identified, 27 of them were annotated as predominant in at least one sample. Delta 5q, Delta 13, Delta 9, Delta 5 and del 1aA were significantly more frequently annotated as predominant in breast tumor samples than in blood-derived samples. Predominant splicing events were, on average, more frequent in tumor samples than in normal breast tissue samples (P = 0.010). Similarly, likely inactivating splicing events (PTC-NMDs, Non-Coding, Delta 5 and Delta 18) were more frequently annotated as predominant in tumor than in normal breast samples (P = 0.020), whereas there were no significant differences for other splicing events (No-Fs) frequency distribution between tumor and normal breast samples (P = 0.689). Conclusions: Our results complement recent findings by the ENIGMA consortium, demonstrating that BRCA1 AS, despite its tremendous complexity, is similar in breast and blood samples, with no evidences for tissue specific AS events. Further on, we conclude that somatic inactivation of BRCA1 through spliciogenic mutations is, at best, a rare mechanism in breast carcinogenesis, albeit our data detects an excess of likely inactivating AS events in breast tumor samples

What can we learn from voice therapy of the speaking voice for singers's voice?

Voice therapies of muscle tension dysphonia in Germany need to be increased in effectiveness by applying intensive, manualized procedures and standardized assessment protocols. The same holds true for therapies of disturbed singer's voices. According to a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of therapies of functional dysphonia neither direct nor indirect voice therapies alone but combinations of both elements are effective (Ruotsalainen et al., 2007)

Breast cancer PAM50 signature: correlation and concordance between RNA-Seq and digital multiplexed gene expression technologies in a triple negative breast cancer series

[Background]: Full RNA-Seq is a fundamental research tool for whole transcriptome analysis. However, it is too costly and time consuming to be used in routine clinical practice. We evaluated the transcript quantification agreement between RNA-Seq and a digital multiplexed gene expression platform, and the subtype call after running the PAM50 assay in a series of breast cancer patients classified as triple negative by IHC/FISH. The goal of this study is to analyze the concordance between both expression platforms overall, and for calling PAM50 triple negative breast cancer intrinsic subtypes in particular.[Results]: The analyses were performed in paraffin-embedded tissues from 96 patients recruited in a multicenter, prospective, non-randomized neoadjuvant triple negative breast cancer trial (NCT01560663). Pre-treatment core biopsies were obtained following clinical practice guidelines and conserved as FFPE for further RNA extraction. PAM50 was performed on both digital multiplexed gene expression and RNA-Seq platforms. Subtype assignment was based on the nearest centroid classification following this procedure for both platforms and it was concordant on 96% of the cases (N = 96). In four cases, digital multiplexed gene expression analysis and RNA-Seq were discordant. The Spearman correlation to each of the centroids and the risk of recurrence were above 0.89 in both platforms while the agreement on Proliferation Score reached up to 0.97. In addition, 82% of the individual PAM50 genes showed a correlation coefficient > 0.80.[Conclusions]: In our analysis, the subtype calling in most of the samples was concordant in both platforms and the potential discordances had reduced clinical implications in terms of prognosis. If speed and cost are the main driving forces then the preferred technique is the digital multiplexed platform, while if whole genome patterns and subtype are the driving forces, then RNA-Seq is the preferred method.M.M was supported by two research grants from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness ISCIII-FIS grants (PI 12/02684): “Predictores genómicos de respuesta a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante con docetaxel-carboplatino en pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo”/“Genomic predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel-carboplatin in patients with triple negative breast cancer”; and (PI 15/00117): “Cáncer de mama triple negative: Predicción de respuesta a docetaxel-carboplatino neoadyuvante mediante caracterización de TILs y firmas inmunes basadas en secuenciación masiva de RNA”/” Triple negative breast cancer: Prediction of response to neoadjuvant docetaxel-carboplatin by characterization of TILs and immune signatures based on massive RNA sequencing”. C.M.P was supported by funds from the NCI Breast SPORE program (P50-CA58223).Peer reviewe

Doñana, diversidad y ciencia

144 páginasLa biodiversidad es más que la suma de los elementos que componen el mundo vivo; también son biodiversidad las relaciones entre esos elementos, los procesos ecológicos que hacen posible su existencia y los procesos evolutivos que los han originado. […] Los seres humanos necesitamos a la biodiversidad más que ella a nosotros, ya que es la responsable de que la Tierra funcione de una manera satisfactoria. […] El entramado de la vida se ocupa de regular la composición de la atmósfera (y con ella, el clima), de depurar el aire y el agua, de hacer fértil al suelo, de evitar riadas y avalanchas, de polinizar las cosechas, de reducir las plagas, etc. Por todo ello es indispensable conservar la biodiversidad, hoy amenazada.” (Miguel Delibes) Doñana, diversidad y ciencia es un paseo conceptual por el espacio natural más emblemático de Europa. La esencia de un mito a través de decenas de fotografías… Un acercamiento respetuoso a la diversidad de sus conceptos, un paseo por la esencia de su historia y una curiosa aproximación a la ciencia que genera hoy en día. En este recorrido descubriremos el carácter distintivo de algunos de los parajes de la reserva, sus matices más interesantes, las texturas y las formas más sorprendentes de la naturaleza, sus colores y conjuntos, sus transformaciones en las últimas décadas y la influencia de la presencia humana en el privilegiado ecosistema de la Reserva Biológica de Doñana

Surrounded by sound: noise, rights and environments

Noise was probably the first environmental pollutant (apart from human waste) in the Ancient world. Yet today, by comparison with other environmental matters, noise and protection from its effects are often overlooked, except in specialist fields such as architecture or planning. One major reason for this may be that noise does not possess the same ability to spread that is characteristic of other forms of pollution. Noise is also an unusual form of environmental pollution in having a physical impact – it is ‘heard’ and can be ‘felt’ – but is predominantly interpreted subjectively. The impact and consequences of anthropogenic noise for humans and biodiversity in general, are currently under-investigated in criminology and are under-addressed in both public and private international environmental law. Here we question why noise has not (so far) been explored within green criminology and only tentatively explored within cultural criminology. The objectives are to provide an overview of noise as a topic, connecting media, culture, anti- and pro-social behaviour, and to unearth interconnections between the matter of noise and its implications for the environment

Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19 influenced food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to identify patterns of change in eating habits and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain and to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and usual habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1155 adults recruited online to answer a 10-section questionnaire. The protocol assessed usual diet by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual physical activity (PA) and supplement use, dietary changes, sedentary time, PA, exposure to sunlight, sleep quality, and smoking during confinement. Patterns of dietary change were identified by factor analysis. Factor scores were included in cluster analysis together with change in PA. Results: Six patterns of dietary change were identified that together with PA changes during lockdown defined three clusters of lifestyle change: a cluster less active, a more active cluster, and a third cluster as active as usual. People who were usually less active were more likely to be classified in the cluster that increased physical activity in confinement. Scores of the Healthy Mediterranean-Style dietary pattern were higher in this group. Conclusions: Different patterns of change in lifestyles in confinement suggest the need to tailor support and advice to different population groups.This research received no external funding. J.A.T. was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038) which was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Investigaciones en salud mental en el pre y posgrado de las universidades de Lima, Perú período 2016-2021

Bibliographic and meta-analytic study whose purpose was to present a diagnosis of the characteristics of the undergraduate and postgraduate theses that have been carried out in the state and private universities of Lima, Peru, related to the mental health research, emphasizing the most frequently studied psychological indicators between 2016 and 2021. The study included a sample of 22 universities, both state and private, located in Metropolitan Lima, including Psychology, Medicine and Graduate Schools. In order to collect the information, an identification matrix of 43 psychological indicators linked to mental health in the theses reviewed, was prepared. The information was collected from the Institutional Repositories of each university where we got fully access to the degree theses, supported and approved by the graduates. Only theses related to the field of Mental Health were registered. The study also includes the methodological analysis of every these on mental health that has been carried out by undergraduate and postgraduate graduates of chosen universities in Lima-Peru. Considering the 6-year period that we have studied, the results show that the most frequent psychological indicators have been: stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, coping strategies, resilience, emotional intelligence and personal well- being. On the other hand, very little has been studied about important issues that concern the population, such as violence, psychopathy, anger, hostility, among others.Estudio de carácter bibliográfico y meta-analítico, que tuvo como propósito, presentar un diagnóstico de las características de las tesis de pre grado y pos grado que se han realizado en las universidades estatales y particulares de Lima, Perú, en torno al tema de la salud mental, enfatizando en los indicadores psicológicos más frecuentemente estudiados entre los años 2016 al 2021. El estudio abarcó una muestra de 22 universidades ubicadas en Lima Metropolitana, estatales y particulares de las facultades y escuelas de Psicología, Medicina y Escuelas de Pos grado. Para recoger la información se elaboró una matriz de identificación de 43 indicadores psicológicos vinculados con la salud mental en las tesis revisadas. La información se recopiló a través de los Repositorios Institucionales de cada universidad en donde se pudo ubicar íntegramente la tesis de grado sustentada y aprobada por el graduando. Solo se registraron aquellas tesis vinculadas con el campo de la Salud Mental. El estudio comprende además el análisis metodológico de cada una de las investigaciones en torno a la salud mental que han realizado los egresados de pre y pos grado en las distintas universidades de Lima-Perú. Considerando los 6 años que ocupan el período estudiado, los resultados ubican que los indicadores psicológicos más frecuentes han sido: estrés, ansiedad, depresión, burnout, estrategias de afrontamiento, resiliencia, inteligencia emocional y bienestar personal; en cambio, muy poco se han estudiado temas importantes que preocupan a la población, como, por ejemplo, violencia, psicopatía, ira, hostilidad, entre otros. En conclusión, este estudio bibliográfico y meta-analítico proporcionó un panorama detallado de las características de las tesis de pre grado y pos grado relacionadas con la salud mental en universidades estatales y particulares de Lima entre los años 2016 y 2021. Los resultados destacaron los indicadores psicológicos más recurrentes en estas investigaciones, como el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión, el burnout, las estrategias de afrontamiento, la resiliencia, la inteligencia emocional y el bienestar personal. Sin embargo, se evidenció una falta de atención en temas relevantes para la población, como la violencia, la psicopatía, la ira y la hostilidad. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de fomentar una mayor diversidad temática en los trabajos académicos sobre salud mental y promover la investigación en áreas subrepresentadas para abordar integralmente los desafíos emergentes en el campo de la salud mental. Asimismo, este estudio brinda una base sólida para futuras investigaciones y colaboraciones académicas, buscando contribuir al fortalecimiento del conocimiento y la implementación de soluciones basadas en evidencia científica para mejorar la salud mental en la sociedad