A territorial approach on land use in prehispanic Gran Canaria (XI-XV centuries)

Este trabajo muestra una aproximación preliminar a la ocupación y creación del territorio en la Gran Canaria prehispánica, entre los siglos xi y xv. La isla en sí misma es la unidad geográfica de estudio, analizando un total de 28 sitios arqueológicos, tanto habitacionales como de almacenamiento. Se ha evaluado de forma cuantitativa la potencialidad agraria de los terrenos en su entorno. Usando modelos de coste-distancia en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) se han generado los polígonos correspondientes a quince minutos, media hora, cuarenta y cinco minutos y una hora de marcha a pie desde cada yacimiento. Con ellos se han medido las superficies de los suelos clasificados según el sistema de evaluación del Mapa de Clases Agrológicas. A su vez, se ha calculado el control visual directo sobre los diferentes tipos de suelos a 800 m y a 2.000 m. Los resultados iniciales se trabajaron a través de estadística multivariante, con el objetivo de crear una tipología que permita dirimir tantos patrones de uso del suelo, cuya definición histórica se discute.This paper shows a preliminary approach on the occupation and creation of the Gran Canaria Prehispanic between the 11th and 15 th centuries. The island itself is the geographical unit of study, we studied a total of 28 archaeological sites, both settlement and Storages sites. It is intended to evaluate in quantitative way the agrarian potentiality of the lands in their surrounding catchment areas. Cost-distance models in a Geographic Information System (GIS) have been used to generate isochronic polygons for, fifteen minutes, half-an-hour, forty-five minutes walk and one-hour walk from each site. These polygons have been used to measure the land extension of soils classified in agrological types. In turn, we have calculated the direct visual control on the different types of soils at 800 m and 2.000 m. Initial results were worked through multivariate statistics, with the goal of creating a typology that enable it to determine both land use patterns, as certain trends of space occupation Island

Sustancias tóxicas y antinutricionales de Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Efecto de la parte de la planta y la época de recolecta

Amaranth species are gaining increasing interest for human and animal nutrition, although its use is limited due to their toxic and antinutritional substances contents. The contents of toxic and antinutritionals substances (oxalates, phytates, total phenols, condensate tannins, hydrolysable tannins and cyanide) in the leaves, stems, and panicles of Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., not yet investigated, were evaluated in both rainy and dry seasons. The plants were cultivated in El Néctar Hacienda, located in Merecure, in the municipality of Acevedo, Miranda State, Venezuela (10º31’38" N, 66º33’16" W). The concentration of oxalates, phytates, total phenols, condensate and hydrolysable tannins were determined by classic colorimetric techniques, the cyanide being determined by silver nitrate titration. The content of toxic and antinutrients in A. dubius ranged from 169.6 to 368.5 mg of oxalates.kg-1 DM, 0.771 to 7.482 mg of phytates.g-1 DM, 0.47 to 1.77 mg of total phenols.g-1 DM, and 0.22 to 1.20 mg of condensate tannins.g-1 DM. Cyanide and hydrolysable tannins were not detected. The values of most of these substances presented differences according to harvesting seasons and plant part (P<0.001), as well as an interaction between both factors. The content of toxic and antinutrients was generally higher in the dry than in the rainy season for all parts of the plant. The harvesting season and the plant part affect the content of toxic and antinutritional substances in A.dubius, whose values were, however, below the maximum levels allowed by regulators for human consumption. Therefore, as raw material it does not need to be processed in order to guarantee its harmlessnessLas especies de amaranto están generando creciente interés para la nutrición humana y animal, aunque su uso es limitado debido al contenido de sustancias tóxicas y antinutricionales. El contenido de sustancias tóxicas y antinutrientes (oxalatos, fitatos, fenoles totales, taninos condensados, taninos hidrolizables y cianuro) en las hojas, tallos y panículas de Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., no ha sido investigado, por ello se evaluaron en época lluviosa y seca. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en la hacienda El Néctar, localizada en Merecure, municipio Acevedo, estado Miranda, Venezuela (10º31’38'’ N, 66º33’16'’ O). La concentración de oxalatos, fitatos, fenoles totales, taninos condensados y taninos hidrolizables se determinaron mediante técnicas colorimétricas clásicas y el cianuro se determinó por titulación con nitrato de plata. El contenido de tóxicos y antinutrientes en A. dubius osciló entre 169,6-368,5 mg de oxalatos.kg-1 en biomasa seca (BS); 0,771-7,482 mg de fitatos.g-1 BS; 0,47-1,77 mg de fenoles totales.g-1 BS y 0,22-1,20 mg de taninos condensados.g-1 BS. No se detectó cianuro ni taninos hidrolizables. Los valores de la mayoría de estas sustancias presentaron diferencias de acuerdo a la época de recolecta y partes de la planta (P<0,001), así como interacción entre ambos factores. El contenido de tóxicos y antinutrientes fue generalmente mayor en la época seca que en la época lluviosa para todas las partes de la planta. La época de recolecta y la parte de la planta afectaron el contenido de sustancias tóxicas y antinutricionales de A. dubius; sin embargo, los valores estuvieron por debajo de los niveles máximos permitidos regulados para el consumo humano. Por lo tanto, la materia prima no necesita ser procesada para garantizar su inocuida

The fortified metallurgical settlement from the Middle-Late Chalcolithic in Puente de Santa Bárbara (Huércal-Overa, Almería)

El poblado fortificado calcolítico de Puente de Santa Bárbara (Huércal-Overa, Almería), de 1,5 ha, está situado a 3 km de las minas de cobre de Cerro Minado, explotadas al menos durante el Calcolítico Final, y presenta mineral en bruto, escorias parcialmente procesadas y nodulillos de cobre. Un 4% de todos los fragmentos cerámicos corresponde a fragmentos de vasijas de reducción y crisoles, distribuidos espacialmente por los tres sectores excavados del yacimiento y sugieren la generalización de la metalurgia dentro del hábitat. El porcentaje de evidencias metalúrgicas solo podría equipararse en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica a los poblados calcolíticos de Parazuelos (Lorca, Murcia) y Agua Amarga (Lorca, Murcia), otro pequeño poblado de 0,25 ha. Estos datos permiten plantear la hipótesis de si ya en el Calcolítico Final pudieron surgir en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica pequeños asentamientos especializados en la producción de útiles o pequeños lingotes metálicos elaborados en crisoles rectangularesThe fortified chalcolithic settlement in Puente de Santa Bárbara (Huércal-Overa, Almería), with 1.5 ha, located 3 km away from the Cerro Minado copper mines, and exploited at least during the Late Chalcolithic, presents copper ores, crucible smelting and melting debris such as slags, casting prills, reduction vessels and crucibles. 4% of all the ceramic fragments correspond to reduction vessel and crucible fragments, spatially distributed in the three excavated sectors and suggest the generalization of the metallurgy within the habitat. The percentage of metallurgical evidences could only be compared in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula to the Copper Age settlements of Parazuelos (Lorca, Murcia) and Agua Amarga (Lorca, Murcia), another minor site of 0.25 ha. These data suggest the hypothesis of small settlements specialized in the production of tools or small metallic ingots made in rectangular crucibles during the Late Chalcolithic in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsul

Preparation, Crystal Structure, Thermal Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Band-Gaps of Cu2GeTe4 and Cu2SnTe4 Alloys

Polycrystalline samples (weight ~ 1g) of Cu 2 GeTe 4 and Cu 2 SnTe 4 alloys were prepared by the usual melt and anneal method and the products characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Diffuse Reflectance UV / VIS / NIR Spectroscopytechniques. It was found that: a) Cu 2 GeTe 4 and Cu 2 SnTe 4 crystallize in an orthorhombic structure (sg Imm2; N o44) with lattice parameters a = 5.9281 (4) Å, b = 4.2211 (6) Å, c = 12.645 (5) Å and a = 6.0375 (6) Å, b = 4.2706 (3) Å, c = 12.844 (1 ) Å, respectively; b) both alloys show two thermal transitions: 762 and 636K upon heating and; 700 and 578K upon cooling for Cu 2 GeTe 4 ; 702 and 636K upon heating and; 650 and 590K upon cooling for Cu 2 SnTe 4 ; c) both alloys present large deviations of stoichiometry for the cations Cu (~ 35%), Ge (7.2%) and Sn (26.4%) and minor deviation within the experimental error, for the anion Te; and, d) the measured optical band gaps were 0.63 and 0.53 eV for Cu 2 SnTe 4 and Cu 2 GeTe 4 , respectively.Polycrystalline samples (weight ~ 1 g) of the Cu 2 GeTe 4 and Cu 2 SnTe 4 alloys were prepared by the melting and annealing method and the products characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermal Differential Analysis (ATD). ), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV / VIS / CIR diffuse optical reflectance spectroscopy. It was found that: a) Cu 2 GeTe 4 and Cu 2 SnTe 4 crystallize in an orthorhombic structure (ge Imm2; N o44) with network parameters a = 5.9281 (4) Å, b = 4.2211 (6) Å, c = 12.645 (5) Å and a = 6.0375 (6) Å, b = 4.2706 (3) Å, c = 12.844 (1) Å, respectively; b) both alloys show two thermal transitions: 762 and 636K when heating and; 700 and 578K after cooling for Cu 2 GeTe 4 ; 702 and 636K when heating and; 650 and 590K after cooling for Cu 2 SnTe 4 ; c) both alloys present important stoichiometric deviations in their cations: Cu (~ 35%), Ge (7.2%) and Sn (26.4%) and lower than the experimental error for the anion Te; and d) the optical energy gaps measured were 0.63 and 0.53 eV for Cu 2 SnTe 4 and Cu 2 GeTe 4, respectively

Valoración de la presión del neumotaponador en pacientes intubados en la uci: (guía para análisis estadístico)

Objetivo: Evaluar los variables que influyen de manera Importante en la presión del neumotaponador en pacientes intubados en la UCI del HSJD. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de 76 mediciones en 16 pacientes ventilados mecánicamente. Mediciones: Durante las dos fases del ciclo respiratorio se midieron: presión máxima del neumotaponador al final de lo fase inspiradora (PNI). presión máxima del neumotaponador al final de la fase espiradora (PNE), el volumen con el cual se Insuflaba el neumotaponador hasta evitar el escape de aire (VN). Se tuvo en cuenta también el calibre del tubo (TUBCAT). Igualmente se registraron la presión inspiratoria máxima generada por el ventilador (PIM) y la presión positiva al final de la espiración (PEEP)

2-Bromo-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro­phen­yl)propanamide

The title compound, C10H11BrN2O3, exhibits a small twist between the amide residue and benzene ring [the C—N—C—C torsion angle = 12.7 (4)°]. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak N—H⋯O, C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O inter­actions. These lead to supra­molecular layers in the bc plane

Quantification and identification of sperm subpopulations using computer-aided sperm analysis and species-specific cut-off values for swimming speed

Motility is an essential characteristic of all fl agellated spermatozoa and assessment of this parameter is one criterion for most semen or sperm evaluations. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) can be used to measure sperm motility more objectively and accurately than manual methods, provided that analysis techniques are standardized. Previous studies have shown that evaluation of sperm subpopulations is more important than analyzing the total motile sperm population alone. We developed a quantitative method to determine cut-off values for swimming speed to identify three sperm subpopulations. We used the Sperm Class Analyzer ® (SCA) CASA system to assess the total percentage of motile spermatozoa in a sperm preparation as well as the percentages of rapid, medium and slow swimming spermatozoa for six mammalian species. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values were adjusted manually for each species to include 80% rapid, 15% medium and 5% slow swimming spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the same VCL intervals cannot be used for all species to classify spermatozoa according to swimming speed. After VCL intervals were adjusted for each species, three unique sperm subpopulations could be identifi ed. The effects of medical treatments on sperm motility become apparent in changes in the distribution of spermatozoa among the three swimming speed classes.Web of Scienc

Las cerámicas aborígenes de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias) a través del yacimiento de La Cerera: materias primas, tecnología y función

[spa] Se analizan los materiales cerámicos prehispánicos del yacimiento de La Cerera en Gran Canaria (siglos VII-XIII D.C.). Se integra la clasificación morfotécnica y funcional, y la caracterización instrumental mediante fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX), difracción de rayos X (DRX), petrografía óptica (PO) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) relacionando cada nivel de estudio aplicado. Comoresultado se detectaron diferentes cadenas operativas, conectadas con la función de los vasos y su cronología. Además se observaron importantes cambios diacrónicos en las características del material. Estos parecen coincidir con otros identificados en el registro del propio yacimiento y en otros sitios de la isla. También se discuten los posibles efectos de la intensificación de la producción sobre la homogeneidad de las fábricas cerámicas. [eng] Pre-Hispanic ceramics from the site of La Cerera at Gran Canaria are studied in this paper (7th century cal AD - 13th century cal AD). An integrated approach combining various levels of analysis has been carried out, employing morphological, technical and functional analysis of the pots, as well as instrumental characterization: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, optical petrography and scanning electron microscopy. As result, different operative chains have been detected, linked to pots function and chronology. Other differences were observed, as important changes in the characteristics of the archaeological materials through time. Those transformations seem to coincide with others changes already observed for different elements of the aboriginal material culture at the site, as well as at other parts of the island. Effects of production intensification over the homogeneity of ceramic fabrics are also discussed

Relationship between sperm quality traits and field-fertility of porcine semen

An investigation involving seven boars, active in artificial insemination, and 1,350 multiparous sows was conducted at a private farm and aimed at examining the relationship between sperm quality traits and boar fertility in terms of farrowing rate and litter size. This experiment was done for 6 months. The semen samples were evaluated for subjective sperm motility and concentration. Ejaculates with at least 1 × 108 sperm/mL and 70% sperm progressive motility were extended with a commercial medium to 30 × 106 sperm/mL and used for artificial insemination (AI). AI dose was 100 mL semen containing 3 × 109 spermatozoa. Aliquots of diluted semen were assessed for live morphologically normal spermatozoa (LMNS, eosin-nigrosin stain exclusion assay) and sperm chromatin instability (SCI, acridine orange assay). Farrowing rates according to different boar sperm varied (p < 0.001) from 59.3 to 88.92%. The mean values of LMNS (47.2~76.5%) and SCI (0.16~4.67%) differed significantly among boars. LMNS (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and SCI (r = -0.90, p < 0.02) accounted for 62.2 and 81.7% of the variability in farrowing rates, respectively. After the combination of sperm traits, the relationship between percentage of LMNS with stable chromatin structure and farrowing rate was significant (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). The number of live piglets per parturition was not significantly correlated with sperm quality attributes. In conclusion, boar fertility after AI with freshly diluted semen can be predicted based on the evaluation of sperm morphology and chromatin integrity