Orale Mukositis bei Patienten unter Tumortherapie

Zusammenfassung: Zu den unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen bestimmter Chemo- und Radiotherapien gehört die orale Mukositis, eine Entzündung der Mundschleimhaut. Da sie die Lebensqualität der Patienten in hohem Maße beeinträchtigen kann, sollten Pflegende der Mundhygiene einen besonders hohen Stellenwert beimessen. In der täglichen Praxis wird die orale Mukositis oft kontrovers diskutiert. In diesem Artikel werden aktuelle theoriebasierte und erfahrungsbasierte Grundlagen und Anleitungen für die Pflege und Behandlung vorgestell

The TASTE Toolset: turning human designed heterogeneous systems into computer built homogeneous software

International audienceThe TASTE tool-set results from spin-off studies of the ASSERT project, which started in 2004 with the objective to propose innovative and pragmatic solutions to develop real-time software. One of the primary targets was satellite flight software, but it appeared quickly that their characteristics were shared among various embedded systems. The solutions that we developed now comprise a process and several tools ; the development process is based on the idea that real-time, embedded systems are heterogeneous by nature and that a unique UML-like language was not helping neither their construction, nor their validation. Rather than inventing yet another "ultimate" language, TASTE makes the link between existing and mature technologies such as Simulink, SDL, ASN.1, C, Ada, and generates complete, homogeneous software-based systems that one can straightforwardly download and execute on a physical target. Our current prototype is moving toward a marketed product, and sequel studies are already in place to support, among others, FPGA systems

Identification et localisation des impacts par analyse inverse - Poutre et plaque

L’estimation des forces d’impact par des mesures directes, pour des structures qui sont dans des conditions réelles d’utilisation, est en pratique très difficile voire même impossible. Pour répondre à ce besoin il est souvent fait recours aux méthodes inverses, qui correspondent à la démarche inverse du problème direct : des réponses mesurées sur une structure donnée sont exploitées pour tenter d’en identifier les causes, qui en sont à l’origine. L'approche conduit à créer des fonctions de transfert entre les points d'impact et de mesure sur la structure que ce soit expérimentalement ou numériquement, à mesurer les réponses, et à reconstruire l’effort par déconvolution du signal. Il est connu que ce type de problème est souvent mal posé, et que les solutions trouvées peuvent ne pas être représentatives du problème réel, du fait de bruits de mesures. Pour obtenir une solution stable avec un sens physique, nous utilisons l’une des méthodes classiques de régularisation, tels que Tikhonov qui semble la plus appropriée. Le problème de caractérisation de l'impact devient plus complexe lorsque le point d’impact est inconnu, par conséquent, nous devons créer les fonctions de transfert entre plusieurs points d'impact et de mesure, et minimiser la fonctionnelle permettant dans un premier temps de localiser l’impact, et dans un second temps d’identifier la force d’impact

Hypoglycaemia: A little known effect of Venlafaxine overdose

We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with serotonin syndrome and hypoglycaemia likely due to intoxication with a very high dose of venlafaxine. This case of venlafaxine-associated hypoglycaemia was treated first by glucose perfusion, but despite large doses, hypoglycaemia recurred. Blood glucose normalized after injection of octreotide, eliminating the need for hypertonic glucose. Octreotide has been shown to decrease glucose requirements and the number of hypoglycaemic episodes in patients with sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia but, to our knowledge, its ability to resolve hypoglycaemic episodes due to massive venlafaxine overdose has not yet been described

Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: An Overview of Self-Report Measures Used Across 19 International Research Studies

Research increasingly suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults, in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction or depression, may be a harbinger of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. Little is known, however, about the key features of self-report measures currently used to assess SCD. The Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group is an international consortium established to develop a conceptual framework and research criteria for SCD (Jessen et al., 2014, Alzheimers Dement 10, 844-852). In the current study we systematically compared cognitive self-report items used by 19 SCD-I Working Group studies, representing 8 countries and 5 languages. We identified 34 self-report measures comprising 640 cognitive self-report items. There was little overlap among measures- approximately 75% of measures were used by only one study. Wide variation existed in response options and item content. Items pertaining to the memory domain predominated, accounting for about 60% of items surveyed, followed by executive function and attention, with 16% and 11% of the items, respectively. Items relating to memory for the names of people and the placement of common objects were represented on the greatest percentage of measures (56% each). Working group members reported that instrument selection decisions were often based on practical considerations beyond the study of SCD specifically, such as availability and brevity of measures. Results document the heterogeneity of approaches across studies to the emerging construct of SCD. We offer preliminary recommendations for instrument selection and future research directions including identifying items and measure formats associated with important clinical outcome

The ANTENATAL multicentre study to predict postnatal renal outcome in fetuses with posterior urethral valves: objectives and design

Abstract Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for 17% of paediatric end-stage renal disease. A major issue in the management of PUV is prenatal prediction of postnatal renal function. Fetal ultrasound and fetal urine biochemistry are currently employed for this prediction, but clearly lack precision. We previously developed a fetal urine peptide signature that predicted in utero with high precision postnatal renal function in fetuses with PUV. We describe here the objectives and design of the prospective international multicentre ANTENATAL (multicentre validation of a fetal urine peptidome-based classifier to predict postnatal renal function in posterior urethral valves) study, set up to validate this fetal urine peptide signature. Methods Participants will be PUV pregnancies enrolled from 2017 to 2021 and followed up until 2023 in >30 European centres endorsed and supported by European reference networks for rare urological disorders (ERN eUROGEN) and rare kidney diseases (ERN ERKNet). The endpoint will be renal/patient survival at 2 years postnatally. Assuming α = 0.05, 1–β = 0.8 and a mean prevalence of severe renal outcome in PUV individuals of 0.35, 400 patients need to be enrolled to validate the previously reported sensitivity and specificity of the peptide signature. Results In this largest multicentre study of antenatally detected PUV, we anticipate bringing a novel tool to the clinic. Based on urinary peptides and potentially amended in the future with additional omics traits, this tool will be able to precisely quantify postnatal renal survival in PUV pregnancies. The main limitation of the employed approach is the need for specialized equipment. Conclusions Accurate risk assessment in the prenatal period should strongly improve the management of fetuses with PUV

Hippocampal morphology and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older people:the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Structural measures of the hippocampus have been linked to a variety of memory processes and also to broader cognitive abilities. Gross volumetry has been widely used, yet the hippocampus has a complex formation, comprising distinct subfields which may be differentially sensitive to the deleterious effects of age, and to different aspects of cognitive performance. However, a comprehensive analysis of multidomain cognitive associations with hippocampal deformations among a large group of cognitively normal older adults is currently lacking. In 654 participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (mean age = 72.5, SD = 0.71 years), we examined associations between the morphology of the hippocampus and a variety of memory tests (spatial span, letter-number sequencing, verbal recall, and digit backwards), as well as broader cognitive domains (latent measures of speed, fluid intelligence, and memory). Following correction for age, sex, and vascular risk factors, analysis of memory subtests revealed that only right hippocampal associations in relation to spatial memory survived type 1 error correction in subiculum and in CA1 at the head (β = 0.201, p = 5.843 × 10(−4), outward), and in the ventral tail section of CA1 (β = −0.272, p = 1.347 × 10(−5), inward). With respect to latent measures of cognitive domains, only deformations associated with processing speed survived type 1 error correction in bilateral subiculum (β(absolute) ≤ 0.247, p < 1.369 × 10(−4), outward), bilaterally in the ventral tail section of CA1 (β(absolute) ≤ 0.242, p < 3.451 × 10(−6), inward), and a cluster at the left anterior-to-dorsal region of the head (β = 0.199, p = 5.220 × 10(−6), outward). Overall, our results indicate that a complex pattern of both inward and outward hippocampal deformations are associated with better processing speed and spatial memory in older age, suggesting that complex shape-based hippocampal analyses may provide valuable information beyond gross volumetry

Identification et localisation des impacts par analyse inverse - Poutre et plaque

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.International audienceL’estimation des forces d’impact par des mesures directes, pour des structures qui sont dans des conditions réelles d’utilisation, est en pratique très difficile voire même impossible. Pour répondre à ce besoin il est souvent fait recours aux méthodes inverses, qui correspondent à la démarche inverse du problème direct : des réponses mesurées sur une structure donnée sont exploitées pour tenter d’en identifier les causes, qui en sont à l’origine. L'approche conduit à créer des fonctions de transfert entre les points d'impact et de mesure sur la structure que ce soit expérimentalement ou numériquement, à mesurer les réponses, et à reconstruire l’effort par déconvolution du signal. Il est connu que ce type de problème est souvent mal posé, et que les solutions trouvées peuvent ne pas être représentatives du problème réel, du fait de bruits de mesures. Pour obtenir une solution stable avec un sens physique, nous utilisons l’une des méthodes classiques de régularisation, tels que Tikhonov qui semble la plus appropriée. Le problème de caractérisation de l'impact devient plus complexe lorsque le point d’impact est inconnu, par conséquent, nous devons créer les fonctions de transfert entre plusieurs points d'impact et de mesure, et minimiser la fonctionnelle permettant dans un premier temps de localiser l’impact, et dans un second temps d’identifier la force d’impact

Identifiaction et localisation des impacts par analyse inverse-Poutre et placque

National audienc