Genetic diversity of Azotobacter strains isolated from soils by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis

Strains of Azotobacter mediate in the nitrogen fixation process by reducing of N2 to ammonia. In this study, 50 strains were isolated from different rhizospheric soil in central Iran, by using soil paste-plate method. These strains were biochemically identified and characterized on differential LG medium based on morphological and physiological properties. Results obtained showed that identified strains were belonging to three species, namely A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijernckii. In order to molecular analysis, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using 27f and 1495r primers and PCR products were subsequently restricted with RsaI, HpaII and HhaI. Cluster analysis based on amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis were revealed intraspecific polymorphism and differentiated strains into two mains clusters, clusters A and B. Cluster A strains were related to the A. vinelandii, whereas cluster B strains were related to the A. chroococcum and A. beijerinckii. The results show that amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis is a powerful and discriminatory tool for the identification of members of the genus Azotobacter.Штаммы Azotobacter являются посредниками в проессах фиксации азота, восстанавливая N2 до аммония. Из разных ризосферных почв Ирана выделено 50 штаммов. Эти штаммы биохимически идентифицированы и охарактеризованы на дифференциальной среде LG на основе морфологических и физиологических свойств. Полученные результаты показали, что идентифицированные штаммы принадлежат трем видам – A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii и A. beijerinckii. Для молекулярного анализа ген 16S рРНК был амплифицирован с использованием 27f и 1495r праймеров, а продукты ПЦР расщеплены с помощью RsaI, HpaII и HhaI. Кластерный анализ, основанный на рестрикционном анализе амплифицированных рибосомальных ДНК (ARDRA), показал межвидовой полиморфизм и разделение штаммов на два основных кластера, A и B. Линии кластера А относятся к A. vinelandii, а кластера В – к A. chroococcum и A. beijerinckii. Результаты показывают, что ARDRA является эффективным методом идентификации видов рода Azotobacter.We would like to express our special gratitude to Dr. M. Khosroshahli (Department of biotechnology) for his helpful support. This work was supported by Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Carbon Nanotubes-Chitosan-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nano-Carriers Synthesis for Nanomedicine Application

Carbon nanotube-natural biopolymer nanovectors have important potential applications in delivery system for drugs and biomolecules. In this work, the use of multi-wall CNTs as nanoreserviors for drug loading and controlled release is demonstrated .We synthesized CNT-based Drug delivery systems; MWCNT-CS nanoparticles based on an ionotropic gelation method as a sustained-release systems for the delivery of Tenofovir (hydrophilic anti-retroviral drug). Molecularly imprinted polymer used as shell for encapsulating the synthesized polymer to reduce the toxicity of CNT and improved theit application in Drug Delivery System. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. TGA was applied to study the thermal stabilities, and SEM to investi-gate the morphology. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3521

Dynamic lot sizing with multiple suppliers, backlogging and quantity discounts

This paper studies the dynamic lot sizing problem with supplier selection, backlogging and quantity discounts. Two known discount types are considered separately, incremental and all-units quantity discounts. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations are presented for each case and solved using a commercial optimization software. In order to timely solve the problem, a recursive formulation and its efficient implementation are introduced for each case which result in an optimal and a near optimal solution for incremental and all-units quantity discount cases, respectively. Finally, the execution times of the MILP models and forward dynamic programming models obtained from the recursive formulations are presented and compared. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the dynamic programming models, as they can solve even large-sized instances quite timely. © 201

TLM 2.0 simple sockets synthesis to RTL

Convenience sockets are a family of derived sockets provided in utilities namespace of TLM 2.0 library which add additional functionalities to TLM 2.0 sockets. As one of the goals of high level modeling is to part communication from computation, synthesizing communication mechanisms including sockets can be a primary step to synthesize each TLM 2.0 design on RTL. Synthesizing sockets on RTL can provide the designer with the big picture of module's functionality and communication requirements. In this paper, algorithms are proposed to map TLM 2.0 simple sockets down to RTL focusing on TLM 2.0 blocking and non-blocking transport interfaces. The algorithms get TLM 2.0 sockets as an input and generate an intermediate description of sockets in terms of ports. After that, RTL descriptions of the ports are generated using the standard generic payload packet as transaction type. The automation caused by synthesis algorithms in this paper can reduce the simulation speed and the designer's effort

Causes of Death Accompanying by Soft Tissue Neck Hemorrhage

Background: Generally, soft tissue hemorrhages in anterior part of the neck are attributed to the neck compression or trauma and suspicion goes more to homicidal death than suicide. Although artificial posterior neck hemorrhages are described as Prinsloo-Gordon phenomenon in cadavers with posterior lividity, studies conducted on such hemorrhages in the anterior and lateral compartments are rare. This study intends to investigate causes of death accompanied by soft tissue neck hemorrhages in different compartments of neck. Method: In this retrospective case series, between March 2008 and 2009, cadavers whose autopsies indicated soft tissue neck hemorrhages and the lividity was dominant in posterior, were evaluated according to the cause of death and anatomical and histological locations of hemorrhage. Results: Among 86 cases of neck hemorrhage, 72.1% (n=62) were male. Direct neck trauma, hanging, strangulation, chocking and positional asphyxia constituted 50% (n=43) of them, 40.7% (n=35) were non-asphyxial, non-traumatic deaths such as natural diseases, drug and CO poisoning, electrocution and drowning, and 9.3% (n=8) were unknown. 65.1% (n=28) of non-traumatic, non-asphyxial cases bore anterior or lateral neck hemorrhages. Conclusion: The considerable prevalence of soft neck tissue hemorrhages in non asphyxial deaths with no history of neck trauma and the location of such hemorrhages in anterior and lateral sides of neck, lead the investigators to pay more attention to interpret these hemorrhages and determining the mode and cause of death

Molecular detection of blaVEB-1 beta-lactamase encoding gene among extended spectrum B-Lactamase positive wound isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Burn and wound infections are mainly caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. Drug resistance frequently occurs among nosocomial isolates and can usually resist a myriad of antibiotics such as novel β-lactam antibiotics. Detection of multidrug-resistant isolates could assist better drug administration. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) positive wound isolates and the genes encoding blaVEB-1 ESBL among wound isolates of P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 wound isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients (47 (n = 42) were male and 53 (n = 47) were female) at six Iranian hospitals between years 2009 and 2011. Antibiotic susceptibility and phenotypic ESBL production tests were conducted. The combined disk was used to determine ESBLs production. The blaVEB-1 gene was detected with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The majority of the wound isolates were resistant to augmentin (90, n = 80) and cefpodoxime (87.6, n = 78). However, the majority was susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Fifty-eight (42) wound isolates were ESBL positive. The antibiotic resistance amongst ESBL positive isolates was relatively higher than ESBL negative isolates. Twenty-three (40) ESBL-positive isolates amplified the blaVEB-1 gene. Conclusions: More than behalf of the wound isolates were ESBL positive, and the presence of blaVEB-1 was determined in less than half of these isolates. Fortunately, resistance to imipenem and meropenem was low. © 2015 Pediartric Infections Research Center

Конкурентоспособность продукции «Шанхай Тобакко групп» на рынке табачных изделий

Актуальность работы заключается в том, что в условиях ужесточения конкурентный борьбы любая компания вынуждена управлять своей конкурентоспособностью на основе разработанной конкурентной стратегии. В процессе исследования проводились изучение и систематизация информации по предмету и объекту исследования. Источники информации представлены в списке использованных источников. Научная новизна работы заключается в разработке рекомендаций по повышению конкурентоспособности табачной компании. Итогом работы стали рекомендации по повышению уровня конкурентоспособности компании "Шанхай Тобакко групп". Результаты исследования будут применены в деятельности компании "Шанхай Тобакко групп".The urgency of the work lies in the fact that in the context of toughening of competitive struggle, any company is forced to manage its competitiveness on the basis of the developed competitive strategy. During the research, the study and systematization of information on the subject and object of the study was conducted. Sources of information are listed in the list of sources used. The scientific novelty of the work is to develop recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of the tobacco company. The work resulted in recommendations for increasing the level of competitiveness of the Shanghai Tobacco Group. The results of the research will be applied to the activities of the Shanghai Tobacco Group

Проектирование системы электроснабжения перевалопогрузочного комплекса морского порта

Объектом исследования является электрическая часть перевалопогрузочного комплекса ОАО «Восточный порт». Цель работы – проектирование системы электроснабжения перевалопогрузочного комплекса морского порта. В процессе исследования проводился сбор исходных данных в ходе производственной практики на объекте исследования. В результате была спроектирована схема электроснабжения от подстанции энергосистемы, до конечного электроприемника. Были выбраны кабели и провода, коммутационное оборудование. Также был произведен экономический расчет капитальных затрат на сооружение данной схемы, определены условия безопасности и гигиены труда рабочих предприятия.The object of the research is part of an electric perevalopogruzochnogo complex JSC "Vostochny Port". The purpose of the work - design of power supply system perevalopogruzochnogo seaport complex. The study was conducted to collect baseline data in the course of practical training on the subject of the study. As a result, power supply circuit has been designed from the substation grid, appliance, to the end. Cables and wires, switching equipment were chosen. There was also made economic calculation of capital costs for the construction of the scheme, identified the security conditions and hygiene of workers of the enterprise