Evaluación de métodos para medir la actividad inhibitoria de extractos vegetales nativos del departamento de sucre sobre bacterias y levadura patógenas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two methods for measuring inhibitory activity of native ethanolic extracts plant of the Department of Sucre on bacteria and yeast human pathogenic. Sampling was conducted in the municipalities of Morroa and Sincelejo. The leaves of the plants Melia azederach, Sapium sp, Jatropha gossypilia, Psidium guajava, Origanum vulgare, Melissa officinalis, Eucalyptus sp and Cymbopogon citratus were processed using the methods of percolation and Soxhlet for the extraction of the extract. Methods were tested on agar hole method (Method 1) and the sensitive disk method (method 2) to measure the inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Bulkolderia glumaea Zygosaccharomyces microellipsoides. The results demonstrate that the method 2 allows greater efficiency and interpretation of results with regard to method 1 where there was diffusion of the extracts in the hole, which creates interference in the measurement. This is the first work in the department of Sucre where two methods are evaluated to determine inhibitory activity of a large group of native plants on pathogenic bacteria and yeast.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de dos métodos para medir actividad inhibitoria de extractos vegetales etanólicos nativos del Departamento de Sucre sobre bacterias y levadura patógenas de humanos y plantas. Los muestreos se realizaron en los municipios de Morroa y Sincelejo. Las hojas de las plantas Melia Azederach, Sapium sp, Jatropha gossypilia, Psidium guajava, Origanum vulgare Melissa officinalis, Eucalyptus sp y Cymbopogon citratus fueron procesadas utilizando los métodos de percolación y de soxhlet para la extracción de los extractos. Se evaluaron los métodos de orificio sobre agar (método 1) y el método de disco sensitivos (método 2) para medir el efecto inhibitorio sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bulkolderia glumaea y Zygosaccharomyces microellipsoides. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el método 2 permite una mayor eficacia e interpretación de los resultados con relación al método 1 donde se observó difusión de los extractos en el orificio, lo cual crea interferencia en la medición. Este es el primer trabajo en el departamento de Sucre donde se evalúan dos métodos para determinar actividad inhibitoria de un grupo amplio de plantas nativas sobre bacterias y levadura patógenas

Interleukin-10 polymorphisms in Spanish IgA deficiency patients: a case-control and family study

BACKGROUND: IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in Caucasians. Genetic and environmental factors are suspected to be involved in the development of the disease. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with stimulatory activity on immunoglobulin production and it may be an important regulator in IgAD pathogenesis. The IL-10 gene contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two polymorphic microsatellites located in the 5'-flanking region. Our aim was to ascertain if any of these polymorphic markers are associated or linked to IgAD in Spanish patients. METHODS: We genotyped 278 patients with IgAD and 573 ethnically matched controls for the microsatellites IL-10R and IL-10G and for three single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -1082, -819 and -592 in the proximal promoter of the gene. We also included in this study the parents of 194 patients in order to study the IL-10 haplotypes transmitted and not transmitted to the affected offspring. RESULTS: The only allele where a significant difference was observed in the comparison between IgA deficiency patients and controls was the IL-10G12 allele (OR = 1.58 and p = 0.021). However, this p value could not withstand a Bonferroni correction. None of the IL-10R or promoter SNP alleles was found at a different frequency when patients were compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Our data do not show any significant difference in IL-10 polymorphism frequencies between control and IgAD patient samples. Their haplotype distribution among patients and controls was also equivalent and therefore these microsatellites and SNPs do not seem to influence IgAD susceptibility

Association of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers with a human IL-10 promoter polymorphism in Japanese women

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Early B-cell Factor gene association with multiple sclerosis in the Spanish population

BACKGROUND: The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is at present not fully elucidated, although it is considered to result from the interaction of environmental and genetic susceptibility factors. In this work we aimed at testing the Early B-cell Factor (EBF1) gene as a functional and positional candidate risk factor for this neurological disease. Axonal damage is a hallmark for multiple sclerosis clinical disability and EBF plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding. Failure of B-cell differentiation was found in EBF-deficient mice and involvement of B-lymphocytes in MS has been suggested from their presence in cerebrospinal fluid and lesions of patients. METHODS: The role of the EBF1 gene in multiple sclerosis susceptibility was analyzed by performing a case-control study with 356 multiple sclerosis patients and 540 ethnically matched controls comparing the EBF1 polymorphism rs1368297 and the microsatellite D5S2038. RESULTS: Significant association of an EBF1-intronic polymorphism (rs1368297, A vs. T: p = 0.02; OR = 1.26 and AA vs. [TA+TT]: p = 0.02; OR = 1.39) was discovered. This association was even stronger after stratification for the well-established risk factor of multiple sclerosis in the Major Histocompatibility Complex, DRB1*1501 (AA vs. [TA+TT]: p = 0.005; OR = 1.78). A trend for association in the case-control study of another EBF1 marker, the allele 5 of the very informative microsatellite D5S2038, was corroborated by Transmission Disequilibrium Test of 53 trios (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our data support EBF1 gene association with MS pathogenesis in the Spanish white population. Two genetic markers within the EBF1 gene have been found associated with this neurological disease, indicative either of their causative role or that of some other polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with them

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Track A Basic Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd

Confinement studies in the TJ-II stellarator

ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) heated plasmas have been studied in the low magnetic shear TJ-II stellarator (R = 1.5 m, a < 0.22 m, B = 1 T, f = 53.2 GHz, P-ECRH = 300 kW, power density = 1-25 W cm(-3)). Recent experiments have explored the flexibility of the TJ-II across a wide range of plasma volumes with different rotational transforms and rational surface densities. In this paper, the main results of this campaign are presented and, in particular, the influence of iota and rational surfaces on plasma profiles is discussed

First plasmas in the TJ-II flexible Heliac

The first experimental campaign of the TJ-II stellarator has been conducted using electron cyclotron resonance heating (f = 53.2 GHz, P-ECRH approximate to 250 kW) with a pulse length of Delta t approximate to (80-200) ms. The flexibility of the device has been used to study five different configurations varying plasma volume and rotational transform. In this paper, the main results of this campaign are presented and, in particular, the influence of plasma-wall interaction phenomena on TJ-II confinement is briefly discussed