Estilos de trabajo e inteligencias múltiples

El objetivo del trabajo es determinarla validez yflabilidad del modelo dejos estilos de trabajo, fundamentado en la teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples (IM). Primero, se analizan los componentes de dicha teoría y su incidencia en el curriculum escolar. En segundo lugar, se estudia el procedimiento de evaluación. Además, se presentan los resultados del estudio empírico realizado con una muestra de 237 alumnos pertenecientes a Educación Infantil y Primaria, escolarizados en centros públicos y privados de la Región de Murcia. Del estudio realizado se desprende que los estilos están asociados a las diferentes inteligencias; además, el inventario de estilos de trabajo arroja una validez y fiabilidad altamente consistente.________________________________ The objective of this work is to determinate the validity and reliability of the model of work styles, as set out In the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI). First, we analyze the components of this theory and their Incidence in the school curriculum. Second, we study the evaluation procedure. Additionally, we present the results of an empirical study carried out with a sample of 237 students in public and private nursery and primary schools in the province of Murcia, Spain. The study carried out reveals that the styles are associated with the different Intelligences. Furthermore, the inventory of styles shows a highly consistent validity and reliability

Influencia de los parámetros biomecánicos en el rendimiento y la economía de corredores de fondo aficionados

Los objetivos de este estudio son analizar la relación entre las variables biomecánicas, la economía de carrera y el rendimiento en corredores de fondo aficionados. Además, determinar si existe algún cambio en los parámetros biomecánicos coincidente con el umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio. Participaron 10 corredores de fondo aficionados realizando: Antropometría, batería de saltos verticales, prueba de economía de carrera y prueba de consumo máximo de oxígeno. Estas últimas realizadas en tapiz rodante, registrándose parámetros fisiológicos (ventilatorios y frecuencia cardiaca) y biomecánicos (tiempos de contacto y de vuelo, frecuencia y amplitud de zancada, “duty factor”). Por primera vez, se ha observado una relación entre parámetros biomecánicos espacio-temporales de la carrera (frecuencia y amplitud de zancada), el rendimiento y la economía de carrera. Además, se ha comprobado que la aparición del umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio se encuentra relacionada con cambios en la biomecánica de la carrera (fundamentalmente “duty factor” y amplitud de zancada). Las relaciones encontradas entre las variables antropométricas y de salto, economía de carrera y rendimiento están en consonancia con las mencionadas en estudios previos, así como que la relación entre la economía de carrera y el rendimiento. Futuros trabajos deberían realizarse en corredores de mayor nivel para contrastar estos hallazgos.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between running biomechanics, running economy and performance in recreational long distance runners. Additionally, determine if there is any change in running biomechanical parameters that coincides with the anaerobic threshold. Ten recreational runners performed an anthropometric evaluation, a battery of vertical jumps, a running economy test and a maximal incremental test. Both running tests were performed in a treadmill, registering simultaneously physiological (ventilation and heart rate) and biomechanical (contact and flight times, stride length and rate, “duty factor”) parameters. A relationship between running biomechanics (step length and rate), running economy and performance was obtained. Furthermore, the appearance of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was related with changes in running biomechanics (mainly with “duty factor” and step length). The relationships between anthropometry and vertical jumps’ parameters, running economy and performance still consistent with those identified in previous studies, as well as the relationship between running economy and performance. Future studies should be done with a higher level sample to contrast these findings.Peer Reviewe

Recreational water skiing in people with paraplegia: A study of three cases

Objetivos: se analizaron la condición cardiorrespiratoria y la intensidad de esfuerzo durante la práctica recreativa del esquí náutico de slalom. Metodología: participaron tres esquiadores náuticos con paraplejia moderadamente activos. Realizaron un test incremental en un ergómetro de brazos para determinar su VO2pico y los umbrales ventilatorios y completaron 3 sesiones de práctica de esquí náutico, separadas por 48h, registrándose la FC cada 5 s. Resultados: obtuvieron un VO2pico de 22,3 ± 0,6 mL·kg-1·min-1 y los umbrales ventilatorios se analizaron al ~80 y ~50% del VO2pico. La FC media en las sesiones de esquí náutico fue de 111 ppm, lo que representó una intensidad de ~45% de la FC de reserva (FCR), permaneciendo por encima del 40% de la FCR ~12 min. Conclusión: la intensidad moderada de la práctica recreativa de esquí náutico de slalom podría servir para mantener o mejorar la condición cardiorrespiratoria en estas tres personas con paraplejiaObjectives: the cardiorespiratory fitness and the intensity of effort were analyzed during the recreational practice of slalom water skiing. Methodology: three moderately active water skiers with paraplegia participated. They performed an incremental test on an arm ergometer to determine their VO2peak and ventilatory thresholds and completed 3 sessions of water skiing, separated by 48h, where the HR was recorded every 5 s. Results: they obtained a VO2peak of 22.3 ± 0.6 mL·kg-1·min-1 and the ventilatory thresholds were analyzed at ~80 and ~50% of the VO2peak. The average heart rate in the water ski sessions was 111 bpm, which represented an intensity of ~45% of the heart rate reserve (HRR), remaining above 40% of the HRR ~12 min. Conclusion: the moderate intensity of recreational slalom skiing could serve to maintain or improve the cardiorespiratory fitness in these three people with paraplegi

Characterizing Wildland Firefighters’ Thermal Environment During Live-Fire Suppression

Wildland firefighters work under adverse environments (e.g., heat and fire exposure), which contribute to increasing the heat strain. Despite this there is a paucity of knowledge about the thermal environment in real wildfire suppression scenarios. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to characterize the environmental thermal exposure and the risk of heat burn injuries during real wildfire suppression (n = 23). To characterize the wildland firefighter’s (n = 5) local thermal exposure, measurements of air temperature and heat flux were performed. Heat flux measurements were made using four thin-planar heat flux sensors. Two were affixed on the outer surface of the garment on the left chest and thigh. Two other sensors were placed on the inner surface of the fabric in parallel to those placed externally. Four thermal classes were defined based on the heat flux across the inner sensors (≤1000, ≤5000, ≤7000, and >7000 W·m−2). The risk of pain and first-degree burns were calculated using the dose of thermal radiation method. The inner sensors mean and maximum heat flux and environment temperature were 286.7 ± 255.0 and 2370.4 ± 3004.5 W·m−2 and 32.6 ± 8.9 and 78.0 ± 8.9◦C, respectively. Approximately 81, 15, and 3.5% of the exposure time the heat flux was ≤1000, >1000–5000, and >5000 W·m−2, respectively. The highest average and maximum thermal dose values were ∼94 and ∼110 (kW·m−2)4/3·s. In conclusion, the thermal exposure obtained may be considered light. However, high thermal exposure values may be obtained in punctual moments, which can elicit first-degree burns.SIThis study was financially support from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain) grant (DEP2016-79762-P AEI/FEDER, UE) and has been funded by the Empresa de Transformación Agraria, S.A. (TRAGSA

Impact of Different Personal Protective Clothing on Wildland Firefighters' Physiological Strain

Wildfire firefighting is an extremely demanding occupation performed under hot environment. The use of personal protective clothing (PPC) is needed to protect subjects from the thermal exposure. However, the additional use of PPC may increase the wildland firefighters’ physiological strain, and consequently limit their performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four different PPC on the physiological strain of wildland firefighters under moderate conditions (30◦C and 30% RH). Eight active and healthy wildland firefighters performed a submaximal walking test wearing a traditional short sports gear and 4 different PPC. The materials combination (viscose, Nomex, Kevlar, P-140 and fire resistant cotton) used during the PPC manufacturing process was different. During all tests, to simulate a real scenario subjects wore a backpack pump (20 kg). Heart rate, respiratory gas exchange, gastrointestinal temperature, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion and temperature and humidity underneath the PPC were recorded throughout tests. Additionally, parameters of heat balance were estimated. Wearing a PPC did not cause a significant increase in the subjects’ physiological response. The gastrointestinal temperature increment, the relative humidity of the microclimate underneath the PPC, the sweat residue in PPC, the sweat efficiency, the dry heat exchange and the total clothing insulation were significantly affected according to the PPC fabric composition. These results suggest that the PPC composition affect the moisture management. This might be taken into account to increase the wildland firefighters’ protection in real situations, when they have to work close to the flames.SIFinancial support from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain) grant (DEP2016-79762-P). In addition, the study has been funded by Empresa de Transformación Agraria, S.A. (TRAGSA)

BIOMECHANICAL ASSESSMENT OF AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE IN PROFFESSSIONAL CYCLISTS: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the aerodynamic resistance (RA) in five different professional road cyclists obtained from a wind tunnel and to establish modification that into a performance improvement. Five professional cyclists from the Kelme-Costa Blanca Team were studied in five positions, four on the aerobike and one on the standard bike. From our results we conclude that establishing small modifications in the aerohandlebars, which result in a more profitable position, can reduce RA. The use of aerohelmet was not shown to be always useful. It is necessary to take into account the technique employed, corrected RA values with the anthropometric characteristics, static vs dynamic assessment when comparing professional cyclists RA

Estudio del apoyo metatarsal en bipedestación mediante podoscopio electrónico de alta resolución.

Con el jin de estudiar el apoyo metatarsal en bipedestación se han realizado 780 registros en la plataforma PDS 93, correspondientes a 390 individuos, no seleccionados, sin patología de la marcha, 234 varones y 156 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 24 y 41 años (edad media de 29,9 años). En cada registro se ha recogido la presión ejercida por cada metatarsiano, relacionando la carga obtenida con el peso, conjiguración mecánica del pie y huella plantar: Los resultados obtenidos se han procesado estadísticamente por medio del programa SPSS. El porcentaje de las cargas medias obtenidas para cada metatarsiano han sido: 16,85, 21,25, 23,88, 20,24 y 17,78%, existiendo dqerencias sign$cativas para el apoyo de los metatarsianos centrales (p < 0,001). Todos los metatarsianos soportan carga en bipedestación, de acuerdo con las teorías actuales. Sin embargo, aunque la distribución del peso para el primer metatarsiano se aproxima al doble de los otros, la carga máxima en g/cm2 se realiza en los metatarsianos centrales

Low-temperature oxidation effects on the morphological and structural properties of hexagonal Zn nanodisks

Ambient-atmosphere oxidation in the temperature range of 90-450 C was performed over Zn films composed by well-faceted hexagonal nanodisks, which were deposited by thermal evaporation. Morphological and structural properties of oxidized Zn nanodisks were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering measurements. It was found that Zn nanodisks keep its original shape only when they are annealed at 90 or 150 C. Smooth oxidation ocurred only on the rectangular faces of Zn nandodisks heated at 150 C. Thermal oxidation at 250 C favored growth of ZnO nanoneedles over the surface of the Zn nanodisks. Hexagonal-shape of Zn nanodisks was transformed completely into a complex morphology composed by different shaped particles, with further increase in oxidation temperature to 450 C

Remote Laboratories for Teaching and Training in Engineering

Typical mechatronic systems are a combination of advanced technologies involving several disciplines. This multidisciplinary approach to the development of industrial applications provides great opportunities for the implementation of e-learning environments and collaborative schemes. Engineering education, in particular, benefits from many of these advances, among which, virtual instrumentation is a useful tool for the development of virtual environments, e-learning spaces and, particularly, remote laboratories. This chapter describes the implementation of web-based laboratories that allow the remote operation of experiments used as training exercises in undergraduate engineering courses. The remote laboratories were developed using LabVIEW® software, and they enable remote control and monitoring of laboratory equipment, allowing engineering students to perform experiments in real time, at their own pace, from anywhere, and whenever is suitable for them. Besides the experimental training that the web-based laboratories provide to students, the system is also a powerful teaching tool since real-time demonstrations of the experiments can be performed, and they also can be simultaneously monitored by a group of students. This approach is highly beneficial for engineering schools in developing countries, as resources can be shared through the Internet. A description of the system and three proposed experiments is presented, together with the experimental results

La Innovación Educativa en Contextos Críticos y su Contribución al Desarrollo Comunitario

Este proyecto parte del supuesto de que las instituciones educativas tienen un papel determinante en la articulación y en el desarrollo de una comunidad social y que la comunidad puede contribuir igualmente al desarrollo y la mejora de los centros de enseñanza. Su propósito principal es facilitar la apropiación o recuperación por parte de comunidades sociales afectadas por condiciones socioeconómicas críticas, de sus instituciones educativas como recurso y motor básico del desarrollo. Para ello se plantea estudiar los vínculos que los centros educativos mantienen con la comunidad y fundamentar estrategias de innovación educativa que contribuyan al desarrollo de estos vínculos Dos hipótesis generales constituyen el punto de partida: (1) El desarrollo de la escuela y la mejora de la calidad de la educación se proyectan y al mismo tiempo se ven influidos por el desarrollo comunitario y que tanto el desarrollo de la escuela como el de la comunidad pueden potenciarse mediante estrategias que permitan coordinar los esfuerzos en ambos sentidos; y (2) El asesoramiento externo a los procesos de mejora y de innovación en la educación podrá contribuir a su éxito si consiguen movilizar los recursos internos de las instituciones educativas