1,222 research outputs found
Deconvolving the information from an imperfect spherical gravitational wave antenna
We have studied the effects of imperfections in spherical gravitational wave
antenna on our ability to properly interpret the data it will produce. The
results of a numerical simulation are reported that quantitatively describe the
systematic errors resulting from imperfections in various components of the
antenna. In addition, the results of measurements on a room-temperature
prototype are presented that verify it is possible to accurately deconvolve the
data in practice.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Europhysics Letter
Testing Theories of Gravity with a Spherical Gravitational Wave Detector
We consider the possibility of discriminating different theories of gravity
using a recently proposed gravitational wave detector of spherical shape. We
argue that the spin content of different theories can be extracted relating the
measurements of the excited spheroidal vibrational eigenmodes to the
Newman-Penrose parameters. The sphere toroidal modes cannot be excited by any
metric GW and can be thus used as a veto.Comment: latex file, 16 pages, 1 figur
The TIGA technique for detecting gravitational waves with a spherical antenna
We report the results of a theoretical and experimental study of a spherical
gravitational wave antenna. We show that it is possible to understand the data
from a spherical antenna with 6 radial resonant transducers attached to the
surface in the truncated icosahedral arrangement. We find that the errors
associated with small deviations from the ideal case are small compared to
other sources of error, such as a finite signal-to-noise ratio. An in situ
measurement technique is developed along with a general algorithm that
describes a procedure for determining the direction of an external force acting
on the antenna, including the force from a gravitational wave, using a
combination of the transducer responses. The practicality of these techniques
was verified on a room-temperature prototype antenna.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Detectability of gravitational wave events by spherical resonant-mass antennas
We have calculated signal-to-noise ratios for eight spherical resonant-mass
antennas interacting with gravitational radiation from inspiralling and
coalescing binary neutron stars and from the dynamical and secular bar-mode
instability of a rapidly rotating star. We find that by using technology that
could be available in the next several years, spherical antennas can detect
neutron star inspiral and coalescence at a distance of 15 Mpc and the dynamical
bar-mode instability at a distance of 2 Mpc.Comment: 39 pages, 4 EPS Figures, some additional SNRs for secular
instabilities, some changes to LIGO SNRs, Appendix added on the asymptotic
expansion of energy sensitivity, corrected supernova rates. Results available
at http://www.physics.umd.edu/rgroups/gen_rel_exp/snr.html Submitted to Phys.
Rev.
Gravitational Radiation from Rotational Instabilities in Compact Stellar Cores with Stiff Equations of State
We carry out 3-D numerical simulations of the dynamical instability in
rapidly rotating stars initially modeled as polytropes with n = 1.5, 1.0, and
0.5. The calculations are done with a SPH code using Newtonian gravity, and the
gravitational radiation is calculated in the quadrupole limit. All models
develop the global m=2 bar mode, with mass and angular momentum being shed from
the ends of the bar in two trailing spiral arms. The models then undergo
successive episodes of core recontraction and spiral arm ejection, with the
number of these episodes increasing as n decreases: this results in
longer-lived gravitational wave signals for stiffer models. This instability
may operate in a stellar core that has expended its nuclear fuel and is
prevented from further collapse due to centrifugal forces. The actual values of
the gravitational radiation amplitudes and frequencies depend sensitively on
the radius of the star R_{eq} at which the instability develops.Comment: 39 pages, uses Latex 2.09. To be published in the Dec. 15, 1996 issue
of Physical Review D. 21 figures (bitmapped). Originals available in
compressed Postscript format at ftp://zonker.drexel.edu/papers/bars
Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and
manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article
reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and
well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles
underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and
spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs
from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to
spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin
decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin
injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures
relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties.
Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in
which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be
used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not
feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.Comment: invited review, 36 figures, 900+ references; minor stylistic changes
from the published versio
A Study of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries and Flavor Oscillations in Neutral B Decays at the Upsilon(4S)
We present a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in
neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II
asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data
sample consists of 29.7 recorded at the
resonance and 3.9 off-resonance. One of the neutral B mesons,
which are produced in pairs at the , is fully reconstructed in
the CP decay modes , , , () and , or in flavor-eigenstate
modes involving and (). The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of
its decay, mainly with the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper
time elapsed between the decays is determined by measuring the distance between
the decay vertices. A maximum-likelihood fit to this flavor eigenstate sample
finds . The value of the asymmetry amplitude is determined from
a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of
the flavor-eigenstate sample and about 642 tagged decays in the
CP-eigenstate modes. We find , demonstrating that CP violation exists in the neutral B meson
system. (abridged)Comment: 58 pages, 35 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Measurement of the Branching Fraction for B- --> D0 K*-
We present a measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B- --> D0
K*- using a sample of approximately 86 million BBbar pairs collected by the
BaBar detector from e+e- collisions near the Y(4S) resonance. The D0 is
detected through its decays to K- pi+, K- pi+ pi0 and K- pi+ pi- pi+, and the
K*- through its decay to K0S pi-. We measure the branching fraction to be
B.F.(B- --> D0 K*-)= (6.3 +/- 0.7(stat.) +/- 0.5(syst.)) x 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid
Communications
Study of e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 process using initial state radiation with BABAR
The process e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma has been studied at a center-of-mass
energy near the Y(4S) resonance using a 89.3 fb-1 data sample collected with
the BaBar detector at the PEP-II collider. From the measured 3pi mass spectrum
we have obtained the products of branching fractions for the omega and phi
mesons, B(omega --> e+e-)B(omega --> 3pi)=(6.70 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.27)10-5 and
B(phi --> e+e-)B(phi --> 3pi)=(4.30 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.21)10-5, and evaluated the
e+e- --> pi+ pi- pi0 cross section for the e+e- center-of-mass energy range
1.05 to 3.00 GeV. About 900 e+e- --> J/psi gamma --> pi+ pi- pi0 gamma events
have been selected and the branching fraction B(J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0)=(2.18
+/- 0.19)% has been measured.Comment: 21 pages, 37 postscript figues, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Measurement of the quasi-elastic axial vector mass in neutrino-oxygen interactions
The weak nucleon axial-vector form factor for quasi-elastic interactions is
determined using neutrino interaction data from the K2K Scintillating Fiber
detector in the neutrino beam at KEK. More than 12,000 events are analyzed, of
which half are charged-current quasi-elastic interactions nu-mu n to mu- p
occurring primarily in oxygen nuclei. We use a relativistic Fermi gas model for
oxygen and assume the form factor is approximately a dipole with one parameter,
the axial vector mass M_A, and fit to the shape of the distribution of the
square of the momentum transfer from the nucleon to the nucleus. Our best fit
result for M_A = 1.20 \pm 0.12 GeV. Furthermore, this analysis includes updated
vector form factors from recent electron scattering experiments and a
discussion of the effects of the nucleon momentum on the shape of the fitted
distributions.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 6 table
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