2,339 research outputs found
Edge local complementation for logical cluster states
A method is presented for the implementation of edge local complementation in
graph states, based on the application of two Hadamard operations and a single
controlled-phase (CZ) gate. As an application, we demonstrate an efficient
scheme to construct a one-dimensional logical cluster state based on the
five-qubit quantum error-correcting code, using a sequence of edge local
complementations. A single physical CZ operation, together with local
operations, is sufficient to create a logical CZ operation between two logical
qubits. The same construction can be used to generate any encoded graph state.
This approach in concatenation may allow one to create a hierarchical quantum
network for quantum information tasks.Comment: 15 pages, two figures, IOP styl
Algebraic invariants of five qubits
The Hilbert series of the algebra of polynomial invariants of pure states of
five qubits is obtained, and the simplest invariants are computed.Comment: 4 pages, revtex. Short discussion of quant-ph/0506073 include
Short-period volcanic gas precursors to phreatic eruptions: Insights from PoĂĄs Volcano, Costa Rica
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A molecular analysis of the Afrotropical Baetidae
Recent work on the Afrotropical Baetidae has resulted in a number of important taxonomic changes: several polyphyletic genera have been split and more than 30 new Afrotropical genera have been established. In order to test their phylogenetic relevance and to clarify the suprageneric relationships, we reconstructed the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Afrotropical Baetidae. We sequenced a total of ca. 2300 bp from nuclear (18S) and mitochondrial (12S and 16S) gene regions from 65 species belonging to 26 genera. We used three different approaches of phylogeny reconstruction: direct optimization, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. The molecular reconstruction indicates the Afrotropical Baetidae require a global revision at a generic as well as suprageneric level. Only four of the 12 genera were monophyletic when represented by more than one species in the analysis. Historically, two conflicting concepts of the suprageneric classification of Afrotropical Baetidae were proposed. One was based on the gathering of sister genera into complexes and the other on the division of the family into a restricted number of subfamilies. According to our reconstruction, neither is completely satisfactory: the major complexes of genera present in Africa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic and the division of the Afrotropical Baetidae into two subfamilies is probably too simplified
Eine verbesserte fluorimetrische Cortisolbestimmung im Serum
Die fluorimetrische Methode zur Bestimmung von Serumcortisol wurde durch blasenfreie FĂŒllung einer SpezialkĂŒvette mittels Pumpvorrichtung, durch BenĂŒtzung eines Spectralfluorimeters, sowie Verlegung des MeĂzeitpunktes (80 min) und durch optimale Anregung (464 nm) und Emissionsmessung (522 nm) verbessert. Empfindlichkeit (<1 ”g Cortisol/100 ml), Richtigkeit, Genauigkeit, Reproduzierbarkeit von Tag zu Tag (VK=6â7%) und Störfaktoren der Methode werden angegeben.
Mit dieser Methode wurden Normalberciche fĂŒr die 9 Uhr-NĂŒchterncortisolwerte und die i.v. ACTH-Belastung ermittelt.
Bei NNR-insuffizienten Patienten (M. Addison; Zustand nach Operation eines Hypophysentumors; total Adrenalektomierte) wurden i.v. ACTH-Belastungen durchgefĂŒhrt, wobei sich bereits beim 9 Uhr-NĂŒchterncortisolwert eine diagnostisch gut brauchbare Trennung gegenĂŒber dem Normalbereich ergab. Unter Dexamethasonsubstitution wurden bei NNR-Insuffizienz sehr niedrige Cortisolspiegel gemessen, was fĂŒr die SpezifitĂ€t der Methode spricht.
Dic Bestimmung des 24 Std-Rhythmus der Cortisolwerte bei NNR-Insuffizienten zeigte, daĂ besonders in den frĂŒhen Morgenstunden im Vergleich zu Normalpersonen erniedrigte Cortisolspiegel bestehen. Daraus wird ein besserer Verteilungsvorschlag fĂŒr die Cortisol-substitution abgeleitet.The fluorimetric determination of serum cortisol was improved
1. using a pumpdevice to fill a special microcuvette avoiding the development of small bubbles,
2. using a recording spectrofluorometer with optimal absorption (464 nm) and emission (522 nm), and
3. allowing for maximal fluorescence of cortisol (80 min).
Sensitivity (<1 ”g cortisol/100 ml), accuracy, precision and specificity of the method are reported. Normal values of 9.00 a.m. serum cortisol (9.7â32.0 ”g/100 ml) and of values before and after ACTH infusion tests were determined.
For adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease, total adrenalectomy, or after hypophysectomy) the 9.00 a.m. values of serum cortisol were generally satisfactory for diagnosis. In partial adrenal insufficiency ACTH infusion tests had to be performed.
Very low levels of serum cortisol (2â4 ”g/100 ml) were obtained, when patients with adrenal insufficiency were substituted with dexamethasone for three days, proving the specificity of the method.
Determination of circadian rhythms of serum cortisol in patients with adrenal insufficiency on cortisol substitutive therapy in divided doses demonstrated cortisol levels far below the normal values during the carly morning hours. This situation should be improved by dividing the cortisol dose as follows: 6 a.m.: 10 mg, 10 a.m.: 5 mg, 2 p.m.: 5 mg and 8 p.m. or later: 10 mg cortisol
Globular Clusters as Candidates for Gravitational Lenses to Explain Quasar-Galaxy Associations
We argue that globular clusters (GCs) are good candidates for gravitational
lenses in explaining quasar-galaxy associations. The catalog of associations
(Bukhmastova 2001) compiled from the LEDA catalog of galaxies (Paturel 1997)
and from the catalog of quasars (Veron-Cetty and Veron 1998) is used. Based on
the new catalog containing 8382 pairs, we show that one might expect an
increased number of GCs around irregular galaxies of types 9 and 10 from the
hypothesis that distant compact sources are gravitationally lensed by GCs in
the halos of foreground galaxies. The King model is used to determine the
central surface densities of 135 GCs in the Milky Way. The distribution of GCs
in central surface density was found to be lognormal.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
HD 181068: A Red Giant in a Triply-Eclipsing Compact Hierarchical Triple System
Hierarchical triple systems comprise a close binary and a more distant
component. They are important for testing theories of star formation and of
stellar evolution in the presence of nearby companions. We obtained 218 days of
Kepler photometry of HD 181068 (magnitude of 7.1), supplemented by groundbased
spectroscopy and interferometry, which show it to be a hierarchical triple with
two types of mutual eclipses. The primary is a red giant that is in a 45-day
orbit with a pair of red dwarfs in a close 0.9-day orbit. The red giant shows
evidence for tidally-induced oscillations that are driven by the orbital motion
of the close pair. HD 181068 is an ideal target for studies of dynamical
evolution and testing tidal friction theories in hierarchical triple systems.Comment: 22 pages, including supporting on-line material. This is the author's
version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal
use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science
Vol. 332 no. 6026 pp. 216-218 (8 April 2011), doi:10.1126/science.1201762.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6026/216.ful
Genome-wide linkage scan for athlete status in 700 British female DZ twin pairs
Association studies, comparing elite athletes with sedentary controls, have reported a number of genes that may be related to athlete status. The present study reports the first genome wide linkage scan for athlete status. Subjects were 4488 adult female twins from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry (793 monozygotic [MZ] and 1000 dizygotic [DZ] complete twin pairs, and single twins). Athlete status was measured by asking the twins whether they had ever competed in sports and what was the highest level obtained. Twins who had competed at the county or national level were considered elite athletes. Using structural equation modeling in Mx, the heritability of athlete status was estimated at 66%. Seven hundred DZ twin pairs that were successfully genotyped for 1946 markers (736 microsatellites and 1210 SNPs) were included in the linkage analysis. Identical-by-descent probabilities were estimated in Merlin for a 1 cM grid, taking into account the linkage disequilibrium of correlated SNPs. The linkage scan was carried out in Mx using the Ï-approach. Suggestive linkages were found on chromosomes 3q22-q24 and 4q31-q34. Both areas converge with findings from previous studies using exercise phenotypes. The peak on 3q22-q24 was found at the SLC9A9 gene. The region 4q31-q34 overlaps with the region for which suggestive linkages were found in two previous linkage studies for physical fitness (FABP2 gene; Bouchard et al., 2000) and physical activity (UCP1 gene; Simonen et al., 2003). Future association studies should further clarify the possible role of these genes in athlete status
The New âHidden Abodeâ: Reflections on Value and Labour in the New Economy
In a pivotal section of Capital, volume 1, Marx (1976: 279) notes that, in order to understand the capitalist production of value, we must descend into the âhidden abode of productionâ: the site of the labour process conducted within an employment relationship. In this paper we argue that by remaining wedded to an analysis of labour that is confined to the employment relationship, Labour Process Theory (LPT) has missed a fundamental shift in the location of value production in contemporary capitalism. We examine this shift through the work of Autonomist Marxists like Hardt and Negri, Lazaratto and Arvidsson, who offer theoretical leverage to prize open a new âhidden abodeâ outside employment, for example in the âproduction of organizationâ and in consumption. Although they can open up this new âhidden abodeâ, without LPT's fine-grained analysis of control/resistance, indeterminacy and structured antagonism, these theorists risk succumbing to empirically naive claims about the ânew economyâ. Through developing an expanded conception of a ânew hidden abodeâ of production, the paper demarcates an analytical space in which both LPT and Autonomist Marxism can expand and develop their understanding of labour and value production in today's economy. </jats:p
Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems
We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe3+/âFe and major element compositions measured in olivineâhosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale melts have Fe3+/âFe of 0.15â0.16, reflecting fO2 of ÎQFM 0.0â±â0.3, which is indistinguishable from fO2 calculated from CO2/CO ratios in highâtemperature gases. Masaya is more oxidized at ÎQFM +1.7â±â0.4, typical of arc settings. Sulfur isotope compositions of gases and scoria at Erta Ale (ÎŽ34Sgasâââ0.5â°; ÎŽ34Sscoriaâ+â0.9â°) and Masaya (ÎŽ34Sgasâ+â4.8â°; ÎŽ34Sscoriaâ+â7.4â°) reflect distinct sulfur sources, as well as isotopic fractionation during degassing (equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects). Sulfur speciation in melts plays an important role in isotope fractionation during degassing and S6+/âS is 0.67 in Masaya melt inclusions. No change is observed in Fe3+/âFe or S6+/âS with extent of S degassing at Erta Ale, indicating negligible effect on fO2, and further suggesting that H2S is the dominant gas species exsolved from the S2âârich melt (i.e., no redistribution of electrons). High SO2/H2S observed in Erta Ale gas emissions is due to gas reâequilibration at low pressure and fixed fO2. Sulfur budget considerations indicate that the majority of S injected into the systems is emitted as gas, which is therefore representative of the magmatic S isotope composition. The composition of the Masaya gas plume (+4.8â°) cannot be explained by fractionation effects but rather reflects recycling of high ÎŽ34S oxidized sulfur through the subduction zone
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